Term
| Functions of the Nervous System |
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Definition
Transfer information from internal and external environment to the central nervous system.
CNS receives info - interpret/ analyze - initiate and regulate an appropriate response
Sensory Neurons - Afferent
Motor Neurons - Efferent |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical unit of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
2 neurons= reflex arc
Functional unit of the nervous system |
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Term
| Classification of the Nervous System |
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Definition
CNS
Brain - Gives rise to the cranial nerves
Spinal Cord - Gives rise to spinal nn
PNS
Cranial nerves - somatic, autonomic, special sense
Spinal nerves - Somatic and autonomic |
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Term
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Definition
Afferent/ Efferent
Body Wall and limbs
Motor skeletal muscles
Consciously controlled
Balance with external environment |
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Term
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Definition
Afferent/Efferent
Primarily with internal organs
motor smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gladular tissue
Unconsciously controlled
Balance with internal environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Sight, smell, auditory, and taste |
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Term
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Definition
Afferent/ Efferent
Somatic, autonomic, and special sense
Enter/ exit the brainstem
12 bilateral pairs of cranial nerves
Work primarily with structures in the head |
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Term
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Definition
Afferent/ Efferent
Somatic and Autonomic
Enter and exit the spinal cord
31 bilateral pairs
Body wall and limbs
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 2-3 coccygeal |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior rami of spinal nerves
network together
Innervate - skin and muscles of body wall and limbs
sensory, motor, and autonomic
4 Plexuses
Cervical Plexus (neck)
Brachial Plexus (Upper Limb)
Lumbar Plexus (Lumbosacral plexus)
Sacral Plexus (Lumbosacral plexus) |
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Term
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Definition
Ventral/anterior rami of spinal cord
L1-->S4
Innervate: sensory, motor, and autonomic
Inferior/ posterior abdominal wall
Pelvic viscera= urogenital viscera
Perineum= Between the Legs (The taint)
Gluteal Region
Lower Limb |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior thigh
Hip flexors
Knee extensors |
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Term
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Definition
Medial thigh
Hip adductors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Multiple nerve sources allow for some damage but still retain function
Paresis - Partial loss of voluntary movement
Paralysis - Total loss of voluntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior thigh
Extend Hip
Flex knee |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior leg
Plantar flexors |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial and Deep fibular nerves
Anterior and lateral leg
Dorsi flexors |
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Term
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Definition
Flows away from the heart
40% of blood
High pressure
Low volume |
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Term
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Definition
Flows toward the heart
60% of blood
Low pressure
High volume |
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Term
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Definition
Vessels have side vessels (collateral vessels) that flow around joints.
Where they meet is called anastomosis
Collateral vessels and anastomosis detour blood around joints |
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Term
Arterial Supply to the Lower Limb
(to External Iliac Artery) |
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Definition
1. Heart
2. Aortic Arch
3. Descending aorta
**Crosses Respiratory Diaphragm**
4. Adbominal aorta
**Crosses L4 to L5 vertebrae**
5. Common Iliac arteries (bilateral)
6. Interanal Iliac Artery (Gluteal and Pelvic Regions) and External Iliac Artery (Lower Limb) |
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Term
| Arterial Supply to the Lower Limb (External Iliac Artery to Tibial Arteries) |
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Definition
1. External Iliac Artery
**Crosses Inguinal Ligament**
2. Femoral Artery
>Profunda Femoris Artery (Posterior and Medial Thigh)
>Muscular Branches
**Crosses through Adductor Hiatus**
3. Popliteal Artery
Genicualar Arteries (collateral, surround thet knee)
4. Posterior Tibial Artery OR
**Popliteal crosses through Interosseus Membrane**
4. Anterior Tibial Artery |
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Term
Arterial Supply to the Lower Limb
(Posterior Tibial Artery to Digital Arteries) |
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Definition
1. Posterior Tibial Artery (Posterior leg)
>Fibular Artery (lateral leg)
**Crosses onto Plantr surface of the foot**
2. Medial and lateral Plantar Arteries
**Lateral Plantar Artery curves**
3. Plantar Arch Artery (can communicate with the Arcuate Artery)
4. Metatarsal Arteries
5. Digital Arteries |
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Term
Arterial Supply to the Lower Limb
(Anterior Tibial Artery to Digital Arteries) |
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Definition
1. Anterior Tibial Artery (Anterior leg)
** Crosses ankle joint**
2. Dorsal Pedos Artery
**curve**
3. Arcuate Artery (can communicate with the Plantar Arch Artery)
4. Metatarsal Arteries
5. Digital Arteries |
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Term
| Venous Return of the Lower Limb |
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Definition
Veins have 1 way valves that only allow blood to flow toward the heart, not away.
Deep set veins have same name as their accompanying artery (e.g. Femoral Vein and Femoral Artery)
Venae Comitantes - Vein pairs that run alongside an artery to take advantage of arterial pressure to push blood up. Not all arteries have Venae Comitantes |
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Term
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Definition
Great Saphenous Vein
Dorsum of the foot-->ascends medial leg and thigh-->dumps into femoral vein
Small Saphenous Vein
Dorsum of foot-->ascends posterior aspect of the leg-->dumps into the popliteal vein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Region
Posterior - Iliac Crest-->Gluteal Fold
Anterior - Iliac Crest-->Greater Trochanter of the Femur
Bones - Hip Bones (Ilium, Ischium, Pubis) |
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Term
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Definition
Region
Posterior - Gluteal Fold-->Knee
Anterior - Inguinal Ligament-->Knee
Bones - Femur |
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Term
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Definition
Region
Distal Thigh-->Proximal Leg
Bones - Distal end of femur, proximal ends of the Tibia and fibula, patella |
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Term
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Definition
Region
Knee-->Ankle
Bones - Tibia, Fibula |
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Term
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Definition
Region
Distal Tibia and Fibual and Talus-->Foot
Bones - Tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
Region
Ankle Down
Bones - Metatarsals and Phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
Auricular of sacrum with auricular surface of the Ilium
Nonaxial
Saroiliac ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the two Pubis bones |
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Term
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Definition
Head of femur and acetabulum
Synovial Joint
Multiaxial (ball and socket)
Rim of cartilage around the acetabulum - acetabular labrum |
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Term
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Definition
A: Posterior Ilium/ Sacrum
B:Gluteal Tuberosity
ActionHip extensor, hip abductor, lateral rotator of the hip, limit hip flexion (function during walking)
Inn: Inferior gluteal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
A:Iliac Crest
B: Iliotibial Tract (fascia latae)
Action: Hip flexor, medial rotator, abduction of the hip
Inn: Superior gluteal nerve |
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Term
| Gluteus Medius (Lesser Gluteals) |
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Definition
A: Superior Lateral Ilium
B:Greater Trochanter
Action: Hip abduction
Inn: Superior Gluteal Nerve
**Limits Hip adduction** |
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Term
| Gluteus Minimus (Lesser Gluteals) |
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Definition
A: Lateral Superior Ilium
B: Greater Trochanter
Action: Hip abductor
Inn: Superior Gluteal Nerve
*Deepest Gluteal*
**Limits hip adduction** |
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Term
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Definition
Inferior to Gluteus Minimus
As deep as Gluteus Minimus
Start and end in the hip
Piriformus
Obturator Internus
Superior/Inferior Gemelli
Quadratis Femoris |
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Term
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Definition
A: Anterior Sacrum
B: Greater Trochanter
Action: lateral rotator
**Proprioception - give sensory information on where the hip is in space** |
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Term
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Definition
A: Interior of Obturator Foramena
B: Greater Trochanter
Action: Lateral Rotation
**Proprioception - give sensory information on where the hip is in space** |
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Term
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Definition
A: Ischial Tuberosity
B: Intertrochanteric Crest
Action: Lateral Rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Superior and Inferior Gemelli |
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Definition
A: Ischium
B: Tendon of Obturator Internus
Action: Lateral Rotation
**Proprioception - give sensory information on where the hip is in space** |
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Term
| Movement of Synovial Joints |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Uniaxial - 1 axis of movement
Biaxial - 2 axes of movement
Multiaxial - 3 or more axes of movement
Nonaxial - Gliding |
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Term
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Definition
Hinge - flexion and extension
Pivot - rotation |
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Term
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Definition
L5-->S1
Cartilaginous Joint
Limits movements between L5 and S1
Held together by Iliolumbal Ligaments
Lumbar-->Ilium |
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Term
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Definition
Ball and Socket - Flexion & Extension, Abduction & Adduction, rotation
Saddle - Opposition |
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Term
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Definition
Condyloid - Flexion & Extension, Abduction & Adduction
Circumduction
Ellipsoid - Flexion & Extension, Abduction & Adduction
Circumduction |
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