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Anatomy lecture
for final
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/04/2012

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Term
what are the five physiological properties of muscles?
Definition
Excitability, conductivity, conductivity,extensility, and elasticity
Term
what is excitability?
Definition
The ability to respond to a stimulus -2 chemical such as neurotransmitters
Term
what is conductivity?
Definition
the ability to transmit a response (electrical signal) along the plasma membrane called the sarcolema
Term
what is contractability
Definition
the ability to shorten and generate foarce
Term
extensility
Definition
the ability to lengthen or stretch
Term
elasticity
Definition
the ability to return to is original length after being stretched
Term
What is epimysium?
Definition
the outermost connection tissue of skeletal muscle
Term
What are fascicles?
Definition
Bundles of single muscle fibers (skeletal muscle, composed of hundreds of myofibrils
Term
permysium?
Definition
Encloses each fascicle (Skeletal muscle)
Term
Endomysium?
Definition
encloses each single muscle fiber
Term
Myofibril?
Definition
Composed of repeating structures called sarcomeres.
Term
Sarcomeres?
Definition
are functional units of muscle contraction.
Term
A-band? (sarcomere)
Definition
Contains both thick and thin myofillament
Term
I-band? (sarcomere)
Definition
Contains only thin myofillament
Term
H-zone? (sarcomere)
Definition
Contains only thick myofillament
Term
What is different about a contracted sarcomere from a relaxed one?
Definition
1)sarcomere shortens
2)z-line moves closer
3)decrease in width of I-band
4)width of I-band NOT CHANGE!
5)H-zone decreases
Term
What is thick myofilament?
Definition
Composed only of the protein MYOSIN. Each thick myofilament contains 300 myosin molecules.
Term
[image]
Definition
2 heads
(adenosine diaphosphate)
Term
Thin myofilament?
Definition
Contains Three protiens
Term
Actin
Definition
Globular protien
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
Function- in the absence of Ca2+ ions it covers up actin binding sites
Term
Troponin
Definition
3 globules.
Term
muscle cells plasma membrane called?
Definition
Sarcolema
(sarco)="flesh"
Term
T tubules?
Definition
continues with the sarcolema
-muscle cell membrane
Term
terminal cisternae
Definition
releases Ca2+ into cytosol
Term
Triad
Definition
1)terminal cisternae + 2)T-tubules + 3)Terminal cisternae
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
is a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
Term
Innervation ratio
Definition
Number of muscle fibers in a motor unit
Term
Whats the innervation ratio of extrinsic eye muscle: Rectus,medial (rectus=moves eyeball)?
Definition
10
Term
Thenar muscles :move thumbs innervation ratio?
Definition
200
Term
Gastrollemious (Quadracepts)innervation ratio?
Definition
1,000
Term
ATP+PC=??
Definition
Phosphagen
used within 30 seconds of excercise
Term
Anerobic system
Definition
uses glycogen
Term
aerobic system
Definition
uses glycogen and fat
-can be used "indefinitely"
Term
Na+-K+ ATP
Definition
Ensures the concentration of k+ in cytosol, and concentration of k+,in cytosol and concentration of k+ in cytosol and concentration of Na+ in tre exttracellular fluid remain about constant
-Pump uses a lot of atp, and accounts for 70% of the energy (atp) consumed by nervous system
-Brain receives 15% of cardiac pump= volume of blood pumped by heart/min although the brain is only 2.5% of body weight
Term
Corinary circulation
Definition
Cardiac output= volume of blood by heart per min = LITERS/MINUTE AT REST
CORINARY BLOOD FLOW= 250ML/MIN

250ml/5000ml*100%=5% of CO
Term
Systole
Definition
ejection/ contraction phase
Term
Diastole
Definition
Relaxation/ filling phase
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