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Anatomy Lecture Test 3
anatomy notes for lecture 3
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/11/2011

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Term
what separates the vertebral column
Definition
vertebral disks
Term
what holds the vertebral column together
Definition
ligaments
Term
what suppports and manipulates the vertebral column
Definition
musculature
Term
what is the shape of the vertebral column in a fetus and new born
Definition
C-shaped
Term
name the primary curvatures in the adult vertebral column
Definition
thoracic curvature
sacrococcygeal curvature
Term
how does the thoracic curvature curve?
Definition
concave anteriorly
Term
how does the sacrococcygeal curvature curve?
Definition
concave anteriorly
Term
name the secondary curvatures of the adult vertabal column
Definition
cervical curvature
lumbar curvature
Term
how do the secondary curvatures curve?
Definition
concave posteriorly
Term
what causes the cervical curvature
Definition
holding your head up
Term
what causes the lumbar curvature
Definition
standing up
Term
what causes the natural curvatures int he vertebral column
Definition
variations in the thickness or intervertebral discs
Term
Name three conditions which lead to an exaggeration of curvatures
Definition
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis
Term
exaggarated thoracic curvature
Definition
kyphosis
Term
exaggerated lumbar curvature
Definition
lordosis
Term
exaggerated lateral curvature
Definition
scoliosis
Term
how many total vertebrae
Definition
33
Term
how many cervical certebrae
Definition
7 neck vertebrae
Term
how many thoracic vertebrae
Definition
12 chest vertebrae
Term
how many lumbar vertebrae
Definition
5 lower back vertebrae
Term
how many sacral vertebrae
Definition
5 but they are fused
Term
how many coccyx vertebrae
Definition
4 and they are variably fused
Term
what are the 2 parts of the intervertebal discs
Definition
annulus fibrosis= tough outer layer
nucleus pulposus= soft inner nugget
Term
what is the function of the intervertebral discs
Definition
acts as a shock absorber, contains fluid (retention overnight results in a slight increase in height, loss due to old age results in reduced height)
Term
what is a herniated disk
Definition
excessive pressure or injury and can cause the nucleus pulposus to protrude through the annulus fibrosis
Term
which was does the disk slip, when herniated
Definition
posteriorly
Term
what are the most likely areas to herniate
Definition
between vertebrae L4/L5 and L5/S1
Term
runs the length of the vertebral column on the anterior and lateral surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks
Definition
anterior longitudinal ligament
Term
posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks, saw-tooth shaped, covers posterior part but it is absent on posterolateral part of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Definition
posterior longitudinal ligament
Term
continuous ligament attaching adjacent spinous process tips (very strong)
Definition
supraspinous ligament
Term
discrete set of ligaments attaching adjacent borders of the spinous process(very weak)
Definition
interspinous ligament
Term
short broad ligaments interconnecting adjacent laminae, supports facet joints, however, elastic enough to allow flexion/extension of vertebral column
Definition
ligamentum flavum ligament
Term
what ligament gets punctured during lumbar puncture
Definition
ligamentum flavum
Term
dense, triangular midline ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spine of C7 and attaches to the median part of the external occipital crest, the posterior tubercle of C1 and the medial aspect of the cervical bifid spines
Definition
ligamentrum nuchae
Term
bones of the skull that form the walls of the cranial cavity that houses the brain
Definition
cranial bones
Term
bones of the skull that form the facial region that supports and protects the eyes and entryways to the respiratory and digestive systems
Definition
facial bones
Term
the middle ear bones which transmit sound from the outer ear to the inner ear
Definition
ossicles
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