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Anatomy lecture test 1
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82
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2011

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Term
What are the two "processes" that make up the zygomatic arch?
Definition
Zygomatic process of temporal bone and Temporal process of zygomatic bone
Term
What bones compose the pelvic girdle
Definition
coxae bones and sacrum
Term
What bones compose the pelvic girdle?
Definition
coxae bones and sacrum
Term
Pathologies of the foot
Definition
bunion, pes cavus, talipes equinovarus, pes planus, metatarsal stress fracture.
Term
bunion
Definition
localized swelling at either the dorsal or medial region of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Term
Pes cavus (clawfoot)
Definition
characterized by excessively high longitudinal arches
Term
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
Definition
occurs when not enough room in womb. occurs in .1% of births. feet are permanetly inverted
Term
Pes planus (flat feet)
Definition
medial longitudinal arch is flattened so that entire sole touches ground. caused by weight, postural abnormaltities, weak tissue
Term
Metatarsal stress fracture
Definition
results when repitive pressure or stress on the foot causes a small crack to develop in outer surface of bone. runners prone to it.
Term
What is the tradeoff between mobility at a joint and stability?
Definition
the more mobile a joint is the less stable it is
Term
What are the classifications of joints based on movement?
Definition
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
an immobile joint
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
slightly mobile joint
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
freely mobile joint
Term
What are the classifications of joints based on structure?
Definition
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
Term
Fibrous joint
Definition
occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue
Term
Cartlaginous joint
Definition
occurs where bones are joined by cartilage
Term
Synovial joint
Definition
has a fluid-filled, joint cavity that separates the articulating surfaces of the bones which are enclosed w/in a capsule and bones are also joined by various ligaments
Term
What are the different types of fibrous joints?
Definition
gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis
Term
Gomphosis
Definition
resembles a peg in a socket. Ex: articulation of roots of teeth with the sockets of the mandible and maxillae. is synathrosis.
Term
Suture
Definition
immobile fibrous joints (synarthrosis) that are found between bones in skull.
Term
Syndesmoses
Definition
fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue only. (amphiarthroses) found between radius and ulna and between tibia and fibula
Term
What are different types of cartilaginous joints?
Definition
synchondrosis and symphasis
Term
Synchondrosis
Definition
articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. immobile (synarthosis) Ex:epiphyseal plate in children also between sphenoid and occiptial bone
Term
Symphasis
Definition
has a pad of fibrocartilage between the articulating bones. amphiarthrosis. Ex: pubic symphysis and inteberbal joints
Term
What structures are found in or around synovial joints?
Definition
an double layered articular capsule, a joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels.
Term
Angular motion
Definition
abduction/adduction, flexion/extension/hyperextension, circumduction
Term
Flexion
Definition
the angle between articulating bones decreases usually in sagittal plane
Term
Extension
Definition
angle between articulating bones increases usually on sagittal plane
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
extension movement continues past anatomic posiition
Term
Abduction
Definition
movement of a bone away from the midline usually in coronal plane
Term
Adduction
Definition
movement of a bone toward the midline usually in coronal plane
Term
Circumduction
Definition
a continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, adduction in succession; the distal end of the limb or digit moves in a circle
Term
Rotational Motion
Definition
pronation, supination
Term
Pronation
Definition
rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned posteriorly
Term
Supination
Definition
rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned anteriorly
Term
special movements
Definition
depression/elevation, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, eversion/inversion, protraction/retraction, opposition
Term
Depression
Definition
movement of a body part inferiorly
Term
Elevation
Definition
movement of a body part superiorly
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
ankle joint movement whereby the dorsum of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg
Term
Plantar flexion
Definition
ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface the leg
Term
Inversion
Definition
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole medially or inward
Term
Eversion
Definition
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally or outward
Term
Protraction
Definition
anterior movement of a body part from anatomic posistion
Term
Retraction
Definition
posterior movement of a body part from anatomic posistion
Term
Opposition
Definition
special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers to permit grasping and holding of an object
Term
Axial skeleton joints
Definition
suture, temporomandibular, atlantoaxial, intervertebral, vertebrocostal, lumbosacral, strenocostal
Term
Temporomandibular
Definition
articulation components: head of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone. Head of mandible and articular tubercle of temporal bone. Structural classification: synovial (hinge, plane) joints
Term
Atlanto-occipital
Definition
location: superior articular facets of atlas and occipital condyles of occiptal bone. Strucutal: synovial joint
Term
Atlantoaxial
Definition
location: anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis. Structural: synovial (pivot) joint
Term
Intevertebral
Definition
location: vertebral bodies of adjacent vertbrae. Superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. Structural: cartilaginous joint (symphysis) between vertebral bodies; synovial (plane) joint between articular processes
Term
Vertebrocostal
Definition
location: facets of heads of ribs and bodies of adjacent thoracic vertebrae and intevertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae. Articular part of tubercles of ribs and facets of transverse processes of thoracici vertebrae. Structural: synovial (plane) joint
Term
Lumbosacral
Definition
location: body of the 5th lumbar and base of sacrum. Inferior articular facets of 5th lumbar and superior articular facets of 1st sacral. Structural: cartilaginous joint (symphysis) between lumbar body and base of sacrum; synovial (plane) joint between articular facets
Term
Sternocostal
Definition
location: sternum and 1st 7 pairs of ribs. Structural: cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis) between sternum and 1st ribs; synovial (plane) joint between sternum and ribs 2-7
Term
Pectoral girdle and upper limb joints
Definition
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar, radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal (knuckles) and interphalangeal
Term
Sternoclavicular
Definition
location: sternal end of clavicle, manubrium of sternum, and 1st costal cartilage. Structural: synovial (saddle)
Term
Acromioclavicular
Definition
location: acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula. Structural: synovial (plane)
Term
Glenohumeral
Definition
location: glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus. structural: synovial (ball and socket)
Term
Humeroulnar
Definition
location: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna. strucutural: synovial (hinge)
Term
Humeroradial
Definition
location: capitulum of humerus and head of radius. Structural: synovial (hinge)
Term
Radioulnar
Definition
location: proximal: head of radium and radial notch of ulna. distal: distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius. structural: synovial (pivot)
Term
Radiocarpal
Definition
location: distal end of radius; lunate, scaphoid, and triquetrum. strucutral: synovial (condylar)
Term
Intercarpal
Definition
location: adjacent bones in proximal row of carpal bones, adajacent bones in distal row of carpal bones, adjacent bones between proximal and distal rows. strucutrual: synovial (plane)
Term
Carpometacarpal
Definition
location: thumb:trapezium and 1st metacarpal. strucutral: synovial (saddle) at thumb, synovial (plane) at other digits
Term
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckles)
Definition
location: head of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges. structural: synovial (condylar)
Term
Interphalangeal
Definition
location: heads of proximal and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges, respectively. structural: synovial (hinge)
Term
Pelvic girdle and lower limb joints
Definition
sacroiliac, hip, public symphysis, knee, tibiofibular, talocrural, intertarsal, tarsometetarsal, metatarsophalangeal, interphalengeal
Term
Sacroiliac
Definition
location: auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilia. structural: synovial (plane)
Term
Hip (coxal)
Definition
location: head of femur and acetabulum of ox coxae. structural: synovial (ball and socket)
Term
Pubic symphysis
Definition
location: two pubic bones. structural: cartilaginous (symphysis)
Term
Knee
Definition
location: patellofemoral joint: patella and patellar surface of femur. tibiofemoral joint: condyles of femur and condyles of tibia. structural: both synovial (hinge) and synovial (plane) at patellofemoral joint. synovial (hinge) at tibiofemoral joint
Term
Tibiofibular
Definition
location: superior joint: head of fibular and lateral condyle of tibia. inferior joint: distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia. structural: superior: synovial (plane), inferior: fibrous (syndesmosis)
Term
Talocrural
Definition
location: distal end of tibia and medial mallelous of talus. lateral mallelous of fibula and talus. structural: synovial (hinge)
Term
Intertarsal
Definition
location: between tarsal bones. structural: synovial (plane)
Term
Tarsometatarsal
Definition
location: 3 cuniforms, cuboid, and bases of 5 metatarsals. strucutral: synovial (plane)
Term
Metatarsophalangeal
Definition
location:heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges. structural: synovial (condylar)
Term
Interphalangeal
Definition
locations: heads of proximal and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges, respectively. Structural: synovial (hinge)
Term
Sprain
Definition
stretching or tearing of ligaments, without fracture or dislocation of joint.
Term
Pott fracture
Definition
overeversion of the foot
Term
Gouty arthritis
Definition
middle-aged and older people, more common in males. result of increased uric acid.
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
most common, chronic degenerative joint condition termed wear and tear. repeated use of joint wears down cartilage
Term
Rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
age doesn't matter. autoimmune. tissues attack itself
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