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Anatomy Lab Unit 3
Osteology, Movement, Gait, Muscle of Thigh, Popliteal Fossa, Muscles of Leg, Muscle of the Foot, Joints, Nerve and Blood Supply of the Lower Limb,
211
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/12/2017

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Cards

Term
Function of the lower limb
Definition

- support body weight

- locomotion

Term
Function of the lower limb
Definition

- support body weight

- locomotion

Term
How is weight transferred?
Definition

- from the spinal column to the lower limb (via pelvic girdle)

- from the femur to the knee to the tibia to the ankle to the foot

Term
Why are femurs angled medially?
Definition
so that the knee is inferior to the trunk (bipedal)
Term
What are the four major entry and exit points between the lower limb and the abdomen, pelvis, and peritoneum?
Definition

- gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone

- greater sciatic foramen

- lesster sciatic foramen

- obturator canal

Term
Where is the gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone?
Definition
abdomen and anterior thigh
Term
Where is the greater sciatic foramen?
Definition
pelvis to posterior thigh
Term
Where is the lesser sciatic foramen?
Definition
perineum to gluteal region
Term
Where is the obturator canal?
Definition
pelvis to anterior thigh
Term
What are the three primary bones of the hip?
Definition

- ilium

- ischium

- pubis

Term
Ilium
Definition

- superior and largest part of hip

- body joins the two ishium and pubis

Term
What are the four landmarks of the ilium?
Definition

- ala (wing) and it's border (the iliac crest)

- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

- anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

- posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Term
Ischium
Definition
forms the postero-inferior part of the hip bone
Term
What are the two landmarks of the ishium?
Definition

- ishial spine

- ischial tuberosity

Term
Pubis
Definition

- forms the anterio-medial part of the hip bone

- two pubic bones articulate at the pubic symphysis

Term
What are the three landmarks of the pubis?
Definition

- pubic crest

- acetabulum

- obturator foramen

Term
Acetabulum
Definition

- cup-like socket on the lateral part of the hip bone

- articulates with the head of the femur

Term
Angle of the femur
Definition

- average is 130 degrees 

- in younger children the angle is >130

- angle in old individuals is <130 (causes strain on head)

Term
Sesamoid Bone
Definition
bone that develops in a ligament
Term
Peronial/peroneal means what?
Definition
fibular
Term
Talus
Definition

- "ankle bone"

- mostly covered with cartilage

- no muscle attachment

- rests on 2/3 of the calc

Term
Calcaneus
Definition

- "heel bone"

- largest and strongest foot bone

- transmits most of body weight from talus to ground

Term
Navicular
Definition

- "little ship"

- articulates with talus and cuneiforms

Term
Coxa valga
Definition

- >130 degrees

- longer limb

- back bending

Term
Coxa vara
Definition

- <130 degrees

- shorter leg

- limping

Term
Movements at the hip
Definition

-flexion/extension

- abduction/adduction

- medial/lateral rotation

- circumduction

Term
Ligaments stabilizing the knee (5)
Definition

- MCL

- LCL

- PCL

- ACL

- patellar

Term
Movement of the knee
Definition

- flexion/extension

- medial/lateral rotation

Term
Movement of the ankle
Definition

- dorsiflexion (extension)

- plantarflexion

Term
Movement of the foot
Definition
- eversion/inversion
Term
Isometric contraction
Definition
no change in muscle length as load is added
Term
Isotonic contraction
Definition

- same muscle tension, change in muscle length

- concentric/eccentric

Term
Concentric contraction
Definition
- shortening of muscle
Term
Eccentric contraction
Definition
- while under loading, lengthening of muscle
Term
What structures limit movement?
Definition

- tendons

- bones

- ligaments

 

 

- muscles

- fat

- medical conditions

Term
What determines whether an animal is bipedal or quadrupedal?
Definition
the shape of the hips
Term
Plantigrade
Definition
standing on entire length of foot (human, kangaroo)
Term
Digitigrade
Definition
standing on toes (cats, dogs)
Term
How many steps are in one human gait cycle?
Definition
2
Term
Stance phase of the gait
Definition
when the foot is in contact with the ground (60% of the cycle)
Term
Swing phase of the gait
Definition
- when the limb is off the ground and swinging forward (40%)
Term
About ________ of the gait cycle is spent in double stance?
Definition
20-25%
Term
Gait cycle stance phase "walkthrough"
Definition

1.) heel strike (initial contact)

2.) flat foot (loading response)

3.) midstance

4.) heel off (terminal stance)

5.) toe off (preswing)

Term
What happens during the flat foot (loading response) of the gait cycle?
Definition

- body weight is supported

- pelvis and foot are stabilized

Term
Gait cycle swing phase "walkthrough"
Definition

1.) initial (toe off)

2.) mid-swing (leg length is shortened)

3.) heel strike (terminal swing)

Term
Hip movement during the stance phase
Definition

- flexed at heel strike

- extended at toe-off

- some rotation

- balanced by muscles during stance phase

Term
Knee during stance phase
Definition
- extended
Term
Ankle during stance phase
Definition

- dorsiflexed at heel strike

- ankle gradually plantarflexes until heel off

Term
Hip movement during swing phase
Definition

- extended at beginning, flexed at end

- some rotation

- pelvis is balanced by musles

Term
Knee movement during swing phase
Definition

- initially extended

- flexed to shorten the limb and allow swing

- extended at end for heel strike

Term
Ankle during swing phase
Definition

- plantarflexed initially (at heel off)

- dorsiflexed at heel strike

Term
Sacrotuberous ligament
Definition

- between the ischial tuberosity and sacrum

- greater sciatic foramen

Term
Sacrospinous ligament
Definition

- between the spine of the ischium and sacrum

- lesser sciatic foramen

Term
Illiacus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ilium

I: lesser trochanter

M: hip flexor

Term
Psoas (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter

- hip flexor

Term
Muscles in the posterior abdominal wall
Definition

- illicus

- psoas

Term
Gluteus maximus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ilium and sacrum

I: lateral femur and IT band

M: hip extensor & lateral rotator

Term
Gluteus medius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

M: hip abductor (pelvis leveler)

Term
Gluteus minimus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

M: hip abductor (pelvis leveler)

Term
Tensor fasciae latae (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ilium

I: iliotibial tract of fasciae latae

M: stabilizer of knee extension

Term
Piriformis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: sacrum

I: greater trochanter

M: hip lateral rotation

Term
Superior and inferior gemelli (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ischium

I: greater trochanter

M: hip lateral rotation

Term
Obturator internus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: pelvis

I: greater trochanter

M: hip lateral rotation

Term
Quadratus femoris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ischium

I: proximal femur

M: hip lateral rotation

Term
Superior gluteal artery (area, what it supplies)
Definition

- superior to the piriformis

- Superficial branch: deep to glut max, supplies glut max

- Deep branch: between glud med and min, supplies glut med and min and TFL

Term
Inferior gluteal artery (area, what is supplies)
Definition

- inferior to piriformis

- supplies glut max, piriformis, and quad femoris

Term
Femoral nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: under the inguinal ligament

S: anterior compartment of the thigh 

Term
Obturator nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: through the obturator foramen

S: medial compartment of the thigh

Term
Superior gluteal nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: runs through the greater sciatic foramen, superior to piriformis

S: glut med and min, TFL

Term
Inferior gluteal nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: runs through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis

S: glut max

Term
Sciatic nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: runs through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis

S: posterior compartment of thigh

Term
Nerve to boturator internus and superior gemellus (what it supplies)
Definition

- obuturator internus

- superior gemellus

Term
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (what it supplies)
Definition

- inferior gemellus

- quadratus femoris

Term
Vastus lateralis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: greater trochanter

I: tibial tuberosity

M: knee extension

Term
Vastus medialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: proximal femur

I: tibial tuberosity

M: knee extension

Term
Vastus intermedius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: shaft of femur

I: tibial tuberosity

M: knee extension

Term
Rectus femoris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: AIIS

I: tibial tuberosity

M: knee extensor and hip flexor

Term
Sartorius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ASIS

I: medial proximal tibia

M: knee and hip flexor

Term
Anterior thigh muscles
Definition

- vastus lateralis

- vastus medialis

- vastus intermedius

- rectus femoris

- sartorius

Term
Gracilis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: pubis

I: medial proximal tibia

M: knee flexor and hip adductor

Term
Pectineus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: pubis

I: femur

M: adductor and flexor of hip

Term
Adductor longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: pubis

I: middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

M: hip adductor

Term
Obturator externus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: margins of obturator foramen and membrane

I: trochanteris fossa of femur

M: lateral rotator of hip (also holds head of femur in acetabulum)

Term
Adductor brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: pubis

I: proximal linea aspera

F: adducts hip

Term
Adductor magnus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O:

- adductor part: ischiopubic ramus

- hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

I: entire length of femur to medial epicondyle

- adducts hip

Term
Semitendinosus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

M: knee flexor and hip extensor

Term
Semimembranosus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of the tibia

M: knee flexor and hip extensor

Term
Biceps femoris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O:

- long head: ischial tuberosity

- short head: linea aspera

I: head of fib

M: knee flexion and lateral rotation, hip extensor and lateral rotator

Term
Pes anserinus
Definition

S to D: semitendinosus, sartorius, gracilis

- make the "goose foot"

Term
The _____________ becomes the _____________ once it passes the inguinal ligament.
Definition

- external iliac artery

- femoral artery

Term
What is another name for the deep femoral artery?
Definition
profunda femoris
Term
Perforating branches of the femoral artery (what it supplies)
Definition

- adductor magnus

- hamstrings

- vastus lateralis

Term
Medial circumflex artery (what is supplies)
Definition

- head and neck of femur

(anastamose with lateral circumflex)

Term
Lateral circumflex artery (what is supplies)
Definition

"lateral" muscles of thigh

(anastamose with medial circumflex)

Term
Arteries branching from the external iliac artery
Definition

- deep femoral artery

- perforating branches of the femoral artery

- medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Term
Arteries branching from the internal iliac artery
Definition
obturator artery
Term
Obturator artery (what it supplies)
Definition

- adductor brevis

- obturator externus

- pectineus

- gracilis

Term
Superficial vein of the thigh
Definition
the great saphenous vein
Term
Sciatic nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis

S: posterior compartment of thigh

Term
What are the three cutaneous nerves of the thigh?
Definition

- lateral femoral cutaneous

- saphenous nerve

- anterior femoral cutaneous

Term
Lateral femoral cutaenous nerve
Definition

- from L2 and L3

- sensory function in thigh

Term
Saphenous nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: under sartorius, above adductor canal

S: anterior compartment of thigh

- sensory function in thigh

Term
Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve (supplies)
Definition

S: anterior compartment of thigh

- sensory function to thigh

Term
Borders of the femoral triangle
Definition

- inguinal ligament

- sartorius

- adductor longus

Term
Floor of the femoral triangle
Definition
- pectineus
Term
Content of the femoral triangle
Definition

L to M:

- femoral nerve

- femoral artery

- femoral vein

- lymphatics

Term
The adductor canal
Definition

- Femoral VAN runs into it

- Goes from apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus

- between the sartorius and adductor longus/magnus

Term
Leg muscles in the anterior compartment
Definition

- tibialis anterior

- extensor hallicus longus

- extensor digitorum longus

- fibularis terius

Term
Leg muscles in the lateral compartment
Definition

- fibularis longus

- fibularis brevis

Term
Superficial leg muscles of the posterior compartment
Definition

- gastrocnemius

- soleus

- plantaris

Term
Deep leg muscles of the posterior compartment
Definition

- popliteus

- flexor hallucis longus

- flexor digitorum longus

- tibialis posterior

Term
Tibialis anterior (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: proximal anterior tibia

I: tarsal bone (medial cuneiform)

M: dorsiflexion and inversion

Term
Extensor hallucis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial anterior shaft of fibula

I: distal phallanx of the hallucis

M: big toe extensor, dorsiflexor

Term
Extensor digitorum longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: proximal anterior tibia and fibula

I: distal phallanx of toes 2-5

M: extensor of toes 2-5, dorsiflexor

Term
Fibularis tertius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: inferior anterior fibula

I: styloid of the 5th

M: dorsiflexion and eversion

Term
Fibularis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: head and lateral proximal shaft of the fibula

I: 5th metatarsal

M: eversion

Term
Fibularis brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral fibula

I: 5th metatarsal

M: eversion

Term
Gastrocnemius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: 

- medial head: posterior distal femur

- lateral head: lateral epicondyle of femur

I: calcaneal tendon

M: knee flexion and plantarflexion

Term
Soleus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: proximal posterior tibia and fibula

I: calcaneal tendon

M: plantarflexion

Term
Plantaris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: distal femur

I: calcaneal tendon

M: weak plantarflexion

Term
Popliteus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of the femur

I: posterior tibia

M: rotate femur on fixed tibia (locked knee)

Term
Flexor hallucis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: inferior posterior fibula

I: base of the distal phallanx of the hallux

M: weak plantarflexion and hallux flexion

Term
Flexor digitorum longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior tibia, fibula

I: base of 2-5 distal phalanges

M: 2-5 flexion and plantarflexion

Term
Tibialis posterior (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

I: base of tarsals and metatarsals

M: plantarflexion and inversion

Term
Tom, Dick, and Harry
Definition

- anterior to posterior order

- Tibialis posterior

- flexor Digitorum longus

- posterior tibial Artery

- tibial Nerve

- flexor Hallucis longus

Term
Anterior tibial artery
Definition
supplies anterior compartment
Term
Posterior tibial artery
Definition
supplies posterior compartment
Term
Fibular artery
Definition
supplies lateral compartment
Term
Tibial nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

L: through the popliteal fossa

S: posterior compartment of the leg

Term
Common fibular nerve (divisions, landmark, supplies)
Definition

D: deep and superficial

L: winds around the head of the fibula and divides

S:

- deep: anterior compartment

- superficial: lateral compartment

Term
Sural nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

SENSORY

L: with small saphenous vein

S: calf

Term
Saphenous nerve (landmark, supplies)
Definition

SENSORY

L: branches from femoral nerve

S: medial side of the anterior and posterior leg

Term
Borders of the popliteal fossa
Definition

Medial side:

- medial head of gastroc

- semitendin/membranosus

Lateral side:

- lateral head of gastroc

-  long head of biceps femoris

Term
Contents of the popliteal fossa
Definition

- tibial nerve

- popliteal artery

- popliteal nerve

- plantaris

- popliteus (floor)

Term
What are the joints of the foot?
Definition

- subtaler

- transverse talar (talcalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid)

- tarsometatarsal

- metatarsophalangeal

- interphalangeal joints

Term
The foot is a _______
Definition

- lever

- propels the body forward

Term
Why is the foot segmented as an arch?
Definition
so it can bear weight
Term
What are the three arches of the foot?
Definition

- medial longitudinal

- lateral longitudinal

- transverse

Term
__________ arch is higher than the __________ arch
Definition

- medial

- lateral

Term
What do arches allow?
Definition

- passage of tendons and muscle bellies

- weight distribution

Term
What is the reference point for abduction/adduction in the toes?
Definition
midline of the second digit
Term
The dorsal compartment is _____________ and the plantar compartment is ____________.
Definition

- anterior

- posterior

Term
Muscles in the dorsal compartment
Definition

- extensor digitorum brevis

- extensor hallucis brevis

Term
Extensor digitorum brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneus

I: proximal phalanges of 2-4

M: extension of toes 2-4

Term
Extensor hallucis brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneus

I: proximal phalanx of big toe

M: extension of MP joint of big toe

Term
Muscles in the first plantar layer
Definition

- abductor hallucis

- abductor digiti minimi

- flexor digitorum brevis

Term
Abductor hallucis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: proximal phalanx of the toe

M: abductor of big toe at MP, flexor of big toe

Term
Abductor digiti minimi (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneal tubserosity

I: proximal phalanx of toe 5

M: abductor of toe 5

Term
Flexor digitorum brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: middle phalanges of toes 2-5

M: flexor of toes 2-5 at PIP

Term
Muscles in the second plantar layer
Definition

- quadratus plantae

- 4 lumbricals

Term
Quadratus plantae (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: tendons of flexor digitorum longus

M: assist FDL to flex toes 2-5

Term
Lumbricals (4) (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: tendons of FDL

I: tendons of FDL

M: flexor of MP joint, extensor of PIP joint

Term
Muscles of the third plantar layer
Definition

- flexor hallucis brevis

- flexor digiti minimi brevis

- adductor hallucis

Term
Flexor hallucis brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: cuboid and lateral cuneiform

I: proximal phalanx of big toe

M: big toe flexor

Term
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: 5th metatarsal

I: proximal phalanx of 5th tow

M: flexor of 5th toe

Term
Adductor hallucis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O:

- transverse head: MP joint ligaments

- oblique hear: metatarsals

I: proximal phalanx of big toe

M: adductor of big toe

Term
Muscles of the fourth plantar layer
Definition

- planter interossei

- dorsal interossei

Term
Plantar interossei (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial side of metatarsals of toes 3-5

I: proximal phalanges of toes 3-5

M: adduction of toes 3-5

Term
Dorsal interossei (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: sides of metatarsals 2-5

I: proximal phalanges of toes 2-4

M: abduction of toes 2-4

Term
Extrinsic muscles of the foot
Definition

- extensor digitorum longus

- extensor hallucis longus

- flexor digitorum longus

- flexor hallucis longus

Term
Dorsalis pedis artery (where, supplies)
Definition

W: dorsal compartment

S: muscles on dorsum of foot

Term
Two divisions of the posterior tibial artery
Definition

- medial plantar artery

- lateral plantar artery

Term
Medial plantar artery (where, supplies)
Definition

W: planter compartment

S: medial side of foot, muscles of big toe (except adductor hallucis)

Term
Lateral plantar artery and plantar arch (where, supplies)
Definition

W: plantar compartment

S: lateral side of foot, muscles of deep layer

Term
What is the superficial vein in the foot?
Definition
dorsal venous arch
Term
Deep fibular nerve
Definition

- motor

- dorsal compartment

- supplies: extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

Term
Medial plantar nerve
Definition

- motor

- plantar compartment

- supplies: abductor hallucis, flexor digitorm brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, first lumbrical

Term
Lateral plantar nerve
Definition

- motor

- plantar compartment

- supplies: quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, plantar and dorsal interossei, adductor hallucis, lateral three lumbricals

Term
Medial plantar nerve (sensory)
Definition

- dorsal

- supplies skin on distal dorsum of first 3.5 toes

Term
Lateral plantar nerve (sensory)
Definition

- dorsal

- supplies skin on distal dorsum of last 1.5 toes

Term
Deep fibular nerve (sensory)
Definition

- dorsal

- supplies skin between big toe and second toe

Term
Superficial fibular nerve (sensory)
Definition

- dorsal

 - supplies most of the dorsum of the foot

Term
Saphenous nerve (sensory)
Definition

- dorsal

- supplies lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot

Term
Medial plantar nerve (sensory)
Definition

- plantar

- supplies skin on medial side of sole and first 3.5 toes

Term
Lateral plantar nerve (sensory)
Definition

- plantar

- supplies skin on lateral side of sole and last 1.5 toes

Term
Saphenous nerve (sensory and plantar portion)
Definition
supplies lateral aspect or posterior sole of foot
Term
Tibial nerve (sensory)
Definition

- plantar

- supplies heel

Term
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Definition

- between sacrum and ilium

- superior to the greater sciatic foramen

Term
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Definition

- between sacrum and ilium

- superior to the anterior sacroiliac ligament

Term
Ligaments of the hip joint
Definition

- ligament of head of femur

- iliofemoral ligament

- pubofemoral ligament

- ishiofemoral ligament

Term
Iliofemoral ligament
Definition
AIIS to femur
Term
Pubofemoral ligament
Definition

- pubis to femur

- blends with the iliofemoral

Term
Ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
ischium to femur
Term
Acetabulum labrum
Definition

- keeps head of femur in contact with acetabulum

- makes it deeper

Term
Blood supply in the hip joint
Definition

- obturator a.

- lateral circumflex femoral a.

- medial circumflex femoral a.

Term
Knee joint ligaments
Definition

- patellar ligament

- MCL/TCL

- LCL/FCL

- PCL

- ACL

Term
Patellar ligament
Definition
inferior patella to tibial tuberosity
Term
MCL/TCL
Definition

- medial collateral lig/tibial collateral lig

- medial epicondyle of femur to medial aspect of tibia

- next to pes anserine

- attached to medial meniscus

Term
LCL/FCL
Definition

- lateral collateral lig/fibular collateral lig

- from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of the fibula

Term
PCL
Definition

- posterior cruciate ligament

- anterior femur to posterior tibia

Term
ACL
Definition

- anterior cruciate ligament

- posterior femur to anterior tibia

- weakest cruciate

Term
Hip joint type
Definition

- ball and socket

- synovial

Term
Knee joint type
Definition

- hinge

- synovial

Term
If your knee joint is weak, weakness of what muscles cause this?
Definition

- quadriceps femoris

- inferior fibers of VMO/VLO

- hamstring

Term
How do menisci strengthen the knee joint?
Definition

- they are fibrocartilage

- deepen the articular surface

- they are shock absorbers and knee stabilizers

Term
Blood supply of the knee
Definition
genicular a.
Term
Ankle joint type
Definition

- hinge

- synovial

Term
Ankle joint ligaments
Definition

Lateral:

- posterior talofibular

- anterior talofibular

- calcaneofibular

Medial:

- come together as the deltoid ligament

- anterior tibiotalar

- tibionavicular

- tibiocalcaneal

- posterior tibiotalar

Term
Blood supply of the ankle joint
Definition

- branches of the fibular artery

- branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Term
Intertarsal joints type
Definition
- synovial
Term
Talocalcaneonavicular joints type
Definition
- synovial
Term
Talocalcaneonavicular joint ligaments
Definition

- interosseus talocalcaneal ligament (posterior)

- talonavicular ligament (superior)

- calcaneonavicular ligament (inferior)

- bifurcate ligament (lateral)

Term
Calcaneocuboid joint type
Definition
- synovial
Term
Calcaneocuboid joint ligaments
Definition

- bifurcate ligament

- long plantar ligament

- plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar)

Term
Calcaneonavicular ligament
Definition

- broad thick ligament

- supports head of talus

- resists depression of medial arch of foot

Term
Long plantar ligament
Definition

- longest and strongest ligament in sole of the foot

- inferior to the short planter

- between inferior surface of calcaneus and cuboid/base of metatarsal bones

Term
Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar)
Definition

- very strong

- supports the joint

- help long plantar ligament to resist depression of lateral arch of foot

Term
Tarsometatarsal joints type
Definition
- plane
Term
Metatarsophalangeal joints type
Definition
- synovial
Term
Metatarsophalangeal joints ligaments
Definition

- medial and lateral collateral ligaments

- plantar ligaments

- deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

Term
Interphalangeal joints type
Definition
hinge
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