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Anatomy Lab Unit 2
Surface Anatomy and Osteology of Upper Limb, Back Muscles, Brachial Plexus, Blood Supply, Scapular Region and Posterior Arm, Pectoral Muscles and Anterior Arm, Hand, Blood Pressure Points, Axilla, Etc
145
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
05/30/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How many bones are in a single upper limb?
Definition
32
Term
Pectoral Girdle Contents
Definition

- clavicle

- scapula

Term
Sternoclavicular Joint
Definition
the only joint attaching the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Term
Where is the frequent fracture site on the clavicle?
Definition
- medial to the conoid tubercle
Term
Greenstick facture
Definition

- mostly in kids

- bone bends, but does not break

Term
Ligaments
Definition
attach bone to bone
Term
Tendons
Definition
attach muscle to bone
Term
What are the three ligaments that stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?
Definition

- acriomioclavicular

- coracoclavicular (conoid & trapezoid)

- coracoacromial

Term
What are the two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament?
Definition

- conoid

- trapezoid

Term
What is a "separated shoulder"?
Definition
separation of the AC joint
Term
Glenohumeral joint
Definition

- high mobility

- has a greater occurence of dislocation because of this mobility

Term
Glenoid labrum
Definition

- increases the depth of the glenoid cavity

- stabilizes the GH joint

Term
What kind of ligaments strengthen the shoulder joint anteriorly?
Definition
- the glenohumeral ligaments
Term
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Definition

- supraspinatus

- subscapularis

- infraspinatus

- teres minor

Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
shoulder flexion/extension
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
shoulder abduction/adduction
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
shoulder medial rotation
Term
What kind of motion is this?[image]
Definition
shoulder lateral rotation
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
shoulder circumduction
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
scapular elevation/depression
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
scapular protration and retraction
Term

What kind of motion is this?

[image]

Definition
scapular superior rotation
Term
Can the origin and insertion of muscles be reversed?
Definition
yes
Term
Does a muscle only hace one function as a whole?
Definition
no
Term
When a muscle is activate by the nervous system, is it all activated at once?
Definition
not necessarily, some parts can remain at rest
Term
Intrinsic back muscles
Definition
involved in movements of the spine
Term
Extrinsic back muscles
Definition
move ribs or the upper limb (nothing in the back)
Term
What are the three muscle layers of the back and are they extrinsic or intrinsic?
Definition

- superficial (ex)

- intermediate (ex)

- deep (in)

Term
Vertebral muscles (origin)
Definition
originate from vertebrae of the spine
Term
Scapular muscles (origin)
Definition
originate from scapula
Term
Pectoral muscles (origin)
Definition
originate from thoracic skeleton (sternum and ribs)
Term
How many muscles are in the arm, including the hand?
Definition
56
Term
The 5 vertebral muscles
Definition

- trapezius

- latissimus dorsi

- levator scapulae

- rhomboid minor

- rhomboid major

Term
Trapezius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

I: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

M:

- upper part raises scapula

- lower part lowers scapula

- middle part retracts the scapula

- upper part rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves superiorly

Term
Latissimus dorsi (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lower 6 vertebrae adn all the lumbar vertebrae

I: anterior humerus

M: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder

Term
Levator Scapulae (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: transverse process of cervical vertebrae

I: superior angle of scapula

M: elevates and rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

Term
Rhomboid minor (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: spinous processes of C7 and T1

I: medial border of scapula above the scapular spine

M: retracts ad rotate scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

Term
Rhomboid major (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: spinous processes of T2-T5

I: medial border of scapula below the spine of the scapula

M: retract and rotate scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

Term
The 6 scapular muscles
Definition

- deltoid

- supraspinatus

- infraspinatus

- teres minor

- teres major

- subscapularis

Term
Deltoid
Definition

- anterior

- middle

- posterior

Term
Anterior deltoid (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral clavicle

I: common tendon on lateral humerus

M: flexes and medially rotates shoulder

Term
Middle deltoid (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: acromion

I: common tendon on lateral humerus

M: abducts the shoulder

Term
Posterior deltoid (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: spine of scapula

I: common tendon on lateral humerus

M: extends and laterally rotates shoulder

Term
Supraspinatus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

M: initiates shoulder abduction

Term
Infraspinatus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: infrapinous fossa of scapula

I: posterior humerus

M: laterally rotates shoulder

Term
Teres minor (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: infraspinous fossa

I: posterior humerus

M: laterally rotates shoulder

Term
Teres major (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: anterior humerus

M: medially rotates shoulder

Term
Subscapularis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: subscapular fossa

I: anterior humerus

M: medially rotates shoulder

Term
The 4 pectoral muscles
Definition

- pectoralis major

- pectoralis minor

- subclavius

- serratus anterior

Term
Pectoralis major (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: costal cartilage, sternum, clavicle

I: anterior humerus

M: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder

Term
Pectoralis minor (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ribs 3, 4, 5

I: coracoud process

M: depresses/stabilizes the scapula

Term
Subclavius (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: first rib

I: clavicle

M: depresses clavicle

Term
Serratus anterior (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

I: medial border of scapula

M: protracts and rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves superiorly

Term
Paralysis of what muscle results in a "winged scapula"?
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
What spinal nerves is the cervical plexus made up of?
Definition
C1-C4, and part of C5
Term
What spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus?
Definition
Most of C5, C6-T1
Term
What spinal nerves make up the lumbar plexus?
Definition
L1-L3, and part of L4
Term
What spinal nerves make up the sacral plexus?
Definition
Part of L4 & L5, S1-S4
Term
What are plexuses formed by?
Definition
ventral rami ONLY
Term
What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?
Definition

- superior

- middle

- inferior

Term
How many anterior/posterior divisions are there of the brachial plexus?
Definition

- 3 anterior

and

- 3 posterior

Term
What are the three cords of the brachial plexus?
Definition

- lateral

- posterior

- medial

Term
Dorsal scapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5

WIS: rhomboids and levator scapulae

BP: off the C5 ventral rami

Term
Long thoracic nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6, & 7

WIS: serratus anterior

BP: ventral rami of C5, 6, & 7

Term
Suprascapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5 & C6

WIS: supraspinatus and infraspinatus

BP: superior trunk

Term
Nerve to the subclavius muscle (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5 & C6

WIS: subclavius muscle 

BP: superior trunk

Term
Lateral pectoral nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6, & 7

WIS: pectoralis major

BP: lateral cord

Term
Musculocutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6, & 7

WIS: anterior arm

BP: lateral cord

Other: has a lateral cutaneous nerve branch what supplies the forearm

Term
Median nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5-8, T1

WIS: passes through the carpal tunnel, all of the flexors in the forearm (EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris), thenar muscles in hand, 1st and 2nd lumbricals, 3.5 fingers (sensory)

BP: connection of lateral and medial cords

 

Term
Medial pectoral nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C8, T1

WIS: pectoralis major and minor

BP: medial cord

Term
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: T1

WIS: sensation of medial arm

BP: medial cord

Term
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C8, T1

WIS: sensation of medial forearm

BP: medial cord

Term
Ulnar nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C7, 8, T1

WIS: half of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris, all hand muscles except thenar and 1st/2nd lumbricals, 1.5 fingers (sensory, pinky and .5 ring)

BP: medial cord

Term
Radial nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5-8, T1

WIS: triceps, all muscles of posterior forearm, sensory for posterior arm, forearm, and hand

BP: posterior cord

Term
Axillary nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6

WIS: deltoid, teres minor, proximal arm (sensory)

BP: posterior cord

Other: most commonly damages when surgical neck of humerus is broken

Term
Upper subscapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6

WIS: subscapularis muscle

BP: posterior cord

Term
Thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C6-8

WIS: latissimus dorsi

BP: posterior cord

Term
Lower subscapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.)
Definition

SN: C5, 6

WIS: subscapularis and teres major

BP: posterior cord

Term
The ___________ artery turns into the ____________ artery after it passes over the first rib.
Definition

- subclavian

- axillary

Term
The ____________ artery becomes the ___________ artery at the inferior border of the teres major.
Definition

- axillary

- brachial

Term
What two arteries does the brachial artery bifurcate into?
Definition

- radial artery

- ulnar artery

Term
What makes up both the superficial and deep palmar arches?
Definition
the radial and ulnar arteries
Term
How many subclavian ateries are there?
Definition
three
Term
What are the three subclavian arteries?
Definition

- transverse cervical

- dorsal scapular

- suprascapular

Term
What does the transverse cervical artery supply and where does it run?
Definition

- supplies the trapezius

- runs on the undersurface of the traps

Term
What does the dorsal scapular artery supply and where does it run?
Definition

- runs with the dorsal scapular nerve

- supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor

Term
What does the suprascapular artery supply?
Definition
supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
Term
Where does the axillary artery divide into three parts?
Definition
in the pectoralis minor
Term
What parts of the axillary artery vascularize which parts of the pectoralis minor?
Definition

- part one goes to the medial portion

- part two goes to the deep portion

- part three goes to the lateral portion

Term
What two arteries branch from the second part of the axillary artery?
Definition

- thoracoacromial artery

- lateral thoracic artery

Term
What three arteries branch from the third part of the axillary artery?
Definition

- subscapular artery

- posterior circumflex humeral artery

- anterior circumflex humeral artery

Term
Where does the brachial artery run and what does it supply?
Definition

- runs on the medial side of the biceps brachii muscle

- supplies the anterior compartment of the arm

- blood pressure is taken here

Term
What does the deep brachial artery supply?
Definition
- supplies the posterior compartment of the arm
Term
What do the radial and ulnar arteries supply?
Definition
the anterior and posterior forearm
Term
Where does the radius articulate with the humerus?
Definition
At the capitulum of the humerus
Term
Where does the ulna articulate with the humerus?
Definition
the trochlea of the humerus
Term
What movement does the elbow execute?
Definition
flexion/extension
Term
What does the Tommy John Procedure reconstruct?
Definition
the ulnar collateral ligament
Term
What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?
Definition
- connects the ulna to the humerus
Term
What does the radial collateral ligament do?
Definition
- connects the radius to the humerus
Term
What does the annular ligament do?
Definition
connects the radius to the ulna
Term
What are the movements of the wrist?
Definition

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction (radial/ulnar deviation)

Term
At what carpal bones does the radius articulate?
Definition
the scaphoid and the lunate
Term
What is a Colles' fracture?
Definition
a fracture at the distal radius
Term
Movements of the medial four fingers
Definition

flexion/extension

adduction/abduction (in relation to the middle finger)

MIDDLE FINGER ONLY ABDUCTS

Term
Thumb movements
Definition

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

opposition

Term
Biceps brachii (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: long head on scapula just above the glenoid cavity (goes into labrum), short head from coracoid process

I: radial tuberosity

M: flex shoulder and elbow, supinate forearm

Term
Brachialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: anterior humerus

I: ulna

M: flexes elbow

Term
Coracobrachialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: coracoid process

I: medial humerus

F: flexes and adducts shoulder

Term
What three muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm? (3)
Definition

- biceps brachii

- brachialis

- coracobrachialis

Term
What muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm? (1)
Definition
- triceps brachii
Term
Triceps brachii (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: long head on scapula, lateral head on humerus, medial head on humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

M: extend shoulder and elbow

(Anconeus is considered part of the triceps)

Term
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm? (8)
Definition

Superficial:

- pronator teres

- flexor carpi radialis

- palmaris longus

- flexor carpi ulnaris

- flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:

- flexor digitorum profundus

- flexor pollicis longus

- pronator quadratus

 

Term
Pronator teres (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: radius

M: pronate forearm

Term
Flexor carpi radialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial epicondyle

I: lateral wrist

M: flex and abduct wrist

Term
Palmaris longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial epicondyle

I: palmar aponeurosis

M: flex wrist

Term
Flexor carpi ulnaris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial epicondyle

I: medial side of wrist

M: flex and adduct wrist

Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: medial epicondyle, ulna, radius

I: middle phalange of medial four digits

M: flexes proximal IP joint on medial four digits, can flex wrist

Term
Flexor digitorum profundus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ulna

I: distal phalange of medial four digits

M: flex distal IP joints, will flex proximal IP joints, will eventually flex wrist

Term
Flexor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: radius

I: distal phalange of thumb

F: flex IP joint of thumb

Term
Pronator quadratus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ulna

I: radius

M: pronates forearm

Term
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm? (11)
Definition

Superficial:

- brachioradialis

- extensor digitorum

- extensor carpi radialis longus

- extensor carpi radialis brevis

- extensor digiti minimi

- extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep:

- supinator

- abductor pollicis longus

- extensor pollicis brevis

- extensor pollicus longus

- extensor indicis

Term
Brachoradialis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: humerus

I: radius

M: flexes elbow

Term
Why is the brachioradialis placed in the posterior (extensor) compartment?
Definition
even though it is a flexor, it is innervated by the radial nerve
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: humerus

I: lateral wrist

M: extend and abduct wrist

Term
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: lateral wrist

M: extend and abduct wrist

Term
Extensor digitorum (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: posterior aspect of medial four digits

M: extend medial four digits

Term
Extensor digiti minimi (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: posterior of little finger

M: extends little finger

Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: medial wrist

M: extend and adduct wrist

Term
Supinator (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: ulna

I: radius

M: supinate forearm

Term
Abductor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior forearm (don't need to know bone)

I: thumb

M: abduct thumb

Term
Extensor pollicis brevis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior forearm (don't need to know bone)

I: thumb

M: extend thumb

Term
Extensor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior forearm

I: thumb

M: extends thumb

Term
Extensor indicis (origin, insertion, movement)
Definition

O: posterior forearm

I: index finger

F: extend index finger

Term
What are the tendons of the anatomical snuff box? (3)
Definition

- extensor pollicis longus

- extensor pollicis brevis

- abductor pollicis longus

Term
What four structures are located deep in the anatomical snuff box?
Definition

- styloid process of radius

- radial artery

- scaphoid bone

- trapezium bone

Term
What are the structures in the carpal tunnel?
Definition

- 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

- 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons

- 1 flexor pollicis longus tendon

- median nerve

- no large arteries, no ulnar or radial nerve

Term
Symptoms of carpal tunnel
Definition

- tingling or numbneess in 3.5 fingers

- atrophy of thenar muscles

- weakness in using the thumb

- loss of 1st and 2nd lumbrical

- weakness grasping with index and middle fingers

Term
Thenar muscles (3) (insertion, innervation)
Definition

- abductor pollicis brevis

- flexor pollicis brevis

- opponenes pollicis

I: thumb

IN: median nerve

Term
Hypothenar muscles (3) (insertion, innervation)
Definition

- abductor digiti minimi

- flexor digiti minimi

- opponens digiti minimi

I: on little finger

IN: ulnar nerve

Term
Structures in the mid-palm
Definition

- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (split and attaches to middle phalanges)

- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (split and attaches to distal phalanges)

- 4 lumbrical muscles with 1st lumbrical going to index finger (4th to pinky)

Term
Lumbrical Muscles
Definition

- originate from the 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons

- flexes MP joints, extends IP joints (wave good-bye)

Term
Deep palm
Definition

- deep palmar arch located here

- interosseous muscles seen between fingers

- adductor pollicis muscles (adducts thumb)

- ulnar nerve (adductor pollicis, 3rd and 4th lumbrical, all interosseous)

Term
_________ inrerossei only abduct, while __________ interossei only adduct.
Definition

- dorsal

- palmar

Term
_________ inrerossei only abduct, while __________ interossei only adduct.
Definition

- dorsal

- palmar

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