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Anatomy lab quiz 2
Antomy
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/29/2008

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Cards

Term

1.      Define diaphysis

Definition
Shaft of the bone
Term

1.      Define epiphyses

Definition
Extremities of the bone
Term

1.      Define metaphyses

Definition
Region where the diaphysis and the epiphyses meet
Term

1.      What is the epiphyseal plate

Definition
Layer of hyaline cartilage that allow the bone to grow lengthwise
Term

1.      Define articular cartilage

Definition
Cartilage that covers the epiphyses; reduces friction at the joint
Term

1.      Define periosteum.  What are the 2 layers of the periosteum

Definition
Connective tissue covering the diaphysis; fibrous outer layer and osteogenic inner layer
Term

1.      What is hydroxyapatite?  Is it part of the matrix?

Definition
Mineral salt (tricalcium phosphate) that makes up the bone; Yes
Term

1.      Name the 4 types of bone cells & list their function or characteristics

Definition
Osteoprogenitor cells – develop into osteoblasts, mitotically active;
Osteoblasts – secrete collagen, no mitotic ability;
Osteocytes – mature bone cells, maintain daily metabolic activity;
Osteoclasts – modified monocytes that breakdown and resorb bone
Term

1.      What is an osteon?

Definition
Basic structural unit of bone = Haverian system
Term

1.      Define lamellae

Definition
Concentric rings of hard, calcified matrix
Term

1.      Define lacunae

Definition
Spaces in cartilage and bone where cells reside
Term

1.      Define canaliculi

Definition
Canals connecting lacunae with each other and the central canals; conduit system for nutrient and waste transport.
Term

1.      What is the function of Volkmann’s canals

Definition
Canals connecting the vessels of the periosteum with the Haverian canals and the medullary cavity.
Term

1.      Does spongy bone contain osteons?  Haversian canals?

Definition
No; no
Term

1.      What is the difference between intramembranous & endochondral ossification?

Definition
Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone directly on or within fibrous connective tissue; endochondral ossification is the formation of bone from a cartilage model.
Term

1.      Name the 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate

Definition
Resting, proliferating, hiertrophic, calcified
Term

1.      What is a fissure?

Definition
Narrow, cleft-like open between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass
Term

1.      What is a fossa?

Definition
A depression in or on a bone
Term

1.      What is a condyle?

Definition
Large, rounded protuberance at the end of a bone; forms a joint
Term

1.      What is a facet?

Definition
Smooth, flat surface; forms a joint
Term

1.      Name the bones of the cranium?

Definition
Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
Term

1.      Name the bones of the face?

Definition
Nasal (2), maxillas (2), zygomatic (2), mandible, lacrimal (2), palatine (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer
Term

1.      What is the significance of the zygomatic processes of the temporal bones?

Definition
Possesses mandibular fossa and articular tubercle which articulates with the candylar process of the mandible to form the temporomanolibular joint.
Term

1.      What is the significance of the mastoid processes of the temporal bones?

Definition
Attachment point for neck muscles
Term

1.      What is the significance of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone?

Definition
Allows the spinal cord and blood vessels to pass into and out of the brain
Term

1.      What is the significance of the occipital condyles of the occipital bone?

Definition
They articulate with the atlas
Term

1.      What is the significance of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?

Definition
Crodles the pituitary gland
Term

1.      What is the significance of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

Definition
Contains olfactory foramina which allow the olfactory nerves to enter the brain from the nasal cavity
Term

1.      What is the significance of the crista galli of the ethmoid bone?

Definition
Attachment points for the brain membranes (meninges)
Term

1.      What are alveolar processes?  Where do you  find them?

Definition
Sockets for teeth; maxillae and mandible
Term

1.      Where would you find the mental foramen?

Definition
Mandible
Term

1.      Does the hyoid articulate with other bones?

Definition
No
Term

1.      The vertebral column is divided into what sections or vertebrae types.

Definition
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
Term

1.      What is the vertebral foramen?

Definition
Space formed by pedicles, lamina, and body of the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord
Term

1.      What is the intervertebral foramen?

Definition
Formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches of each pedicles; permits the passage of the spinal nerves into and out of the vertebral column
Term

1.      Which vertebrae interacts with the occipital condyles?

Definition
Atlas
Term

1.      Which vertebrae possesses the dens?

Definition
Axis
Term

1.      What surfaces of the sacrum articulate with the ilium of the coxal?

Definition
Auricular surfaces
Term

1.      What portion of the sternum interacts with the clavicles?

Definition
Manubrium
Term

1.      Are ribs attached to the xiphoid process?

Definition
No
Term

1.      What is the difference between true & false ribs?

Definition
True ribs connected to the sternum via costal cartilage; false ribs are connected to the costal cartilage of the 7th rib via costal cartilage; floating ribs (false) have no attachment.
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