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Anatomy Injuries Lower Limb
Awwwwwwsummmmm
56
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2015

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Term
Joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and subchondral sclerosis on a hip x-ray are all signs of what?
Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
Term that refers to an imaginary line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur
Definition
Shenton's line
Term
To preserve the sciatic nerve when making an injection into the gluteal region, where should the needle be placed?
Definition
Upper outer quadrant
Term
Trendelenburg’s sign is most likely positive due to a lesion in which nerve?
Definition
Superior gluteal nerve
Term
NAVEL is an acronym used to remember important structures lateral to medial in what location?
Definition
Femoral triangle
Term
What is the most lateral structure in the femoral triangle?
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
What is the most medial structure in the femoral triangle?
Definition
Lymph nodes
Term
Where in the inguinal region would you find the femoral artery?
Definition
Mid-inguinal point
Term
Where in the inguinal region would you find the femoral nerve?
Definition
Midpoint of inguinal ligament
Term
Location of the femoral artery in relation to the femoral nerve
Definition
Medial
Term
Does the sural nerve enter the adductor canal?
Definition
No
Term
Does the femoral nerve enter the adductor canal?
Definition
No
Term
The femoral artery and vein, and the saphenous nerve enter this canal
Definition
Adductor canal
Term
The saphenous nerve is a branch of this nerve
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
Which muscle of the knee is the locking mechanism?
Definition
Popliteus muscle
Term
Hands in pockets in the direction of this ligament of the knee
Definition
ACL
Term
Is the ACL or PCL weaker and thus more likely to rupture?
Definition
ACL
Term
The ligament of the knee that prevents anterior slippage of the flexed tibia and prevents hyperextension
Definition
ACL
Term
The ligament of the knee that prevents hyperflexion and stabilises the flexed knee
Definition
PCL
Term
Is the medial or lateral meniscus of the knee more mobile and thus less likely to rupture?
Definition
Lateral
Term
If your knee falls onto a rusty nail, what site of infection is most likely to result in septic arthritis?
Definition
Just superior to the patella
Term
What bursa of the knee is part of the joint space and thus allows infection to spread if pierced?
Definition
Suprapatellar bursa
Term
Anterior drawer or Lachman tests test for this
Definition
ACL rupture
Term
Posterior drawer tests for this
Definition
PCL rupture
Term
McMurrays tests is for this
Definition
Meniscal tear
Term
If you hear a loud pop when your ACL ruptures, what other structures are likely to be damaged?
Definition
Tibial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus
Term
Osteoarthritis is more common in what compartment of the knee?
Definition
Medial
Term
Housemaid's knee is what type of bursitis?
Definition
Prepatellar bursitis (over the patella)
Term
Clergyman's knee is what type of bursitis?
Definition
Infrapatellar bursitis
Term
What sort of bursitis are you most likely to get kneeling?
Definition
Infrapatellar bursitis
Term
If a patient walks and raises the affected side higher than usual, swings her foot laterally and slaps it on the floor as it lands, what nerve is most likely damaged?
Definition
Common fibular nerve
Term
Fracture of the proximal fibula can damage this nerve, causing footdrop
Definition
Common fibular nerve
Term
(High) Steppage gait and wwing-out gait are ways the body compensates for footdrop caused by damage to what nerve?
Definition
Common fibular nerve
Term
Are inversion or eversion ankle injuries more common?
Definition
Inversion
Term
What is the stronger ligament around the ankle?
Definition
Deltoid (medial) ligament
Term
What ligament of the ankle is most vulnerable to sprains?
Definition
Anterior talofibular ligament
Term
Pott-fracture dislocation is caused by this
Definition
Forceful eversion of the foot
Term
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of this nerve
Definition
Tibial nerve
Term
Heel pain/loss of sensation and innervation are caused by damage to this nerve
Definition
Tibial nerve
Term
Babinski's sign tests these nerve roots
Definition
L4-S2
Term
Knee jerk reflex is from these nerve roots
Definition
L3, L4
Term
Ankle jerk reflex is from these nerve roots
Definition
S1, S2
Term
A gluteal injection should be given in the upper lateral quadrant to avoid what structure?
Definition
Sciatic nerve
Term
Compression from plaster below the knee could damage this nerve
Definition
Common peroneal nerve
Term
A mid-shaft femoral fracture could damage this artery
Definition
Deep femoral artery
Term
What structure is just anterior to the medial malleolus?
Definition
Great saphenous vein
Term
How do you measure true leg length?
Definition
ASIS to medial malleolus
Term
How do you measure false leg length?
Definition
Umbilicus to medial malleolus
Term
What is the function of the tibial nerve?
Definition
Plantarflexion of ankle
Term
A child has difficulty with dorsiflexion of the left foot.
This is most likely to result from a lesion of what nerve root?
Definition
L5
Term
Majority of lymph drainage from the lower limb is through here
Definition
The vertical group of
inguinal lymph nodes
Term
A patient with an S1 lesion is likely to have this reflex absent
Definition
Ankle reflex
Term
A lesion of this nerve root will affect sensation on the dorsum of the foot
Definition
L5
Term
A lesion of this nerve root will lead to weakness of eversion of the ankle
Definition
S1
Term
A lesion of this nerve root will affect sensation on the sole of the foot
Definition
S1
Term
Incompetent valves in this vein are associated with varicose veins
Definition
Great saphenous vein
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