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Anatomy II Lecture 2
Chapter 16 part 2
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/10/2011

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Term
is a strong stimulant of uterine contraction
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
Oxytocin is regulated by a ___________
Definition
positive feedback mechanism
Term
helps to avoid dehydration or water overload
Prevents urine formation
Definition
ADH
Term
The largest endocrine gland
Definition
Thyroid Gland
Term
Other endocrine cells, the parafollicular cells, produce the hormone __________.
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
the body’s major metabolic hormone
Definition
Thyroid Hormone
Term
T3 is ten times more active than __
Definition
T4
Term
Calcitonin targets the skeleton, where it:
Definition
- Inhibits osteoclasts
-Stimulates calcium uptake and incorporation into the bone matrix
Term
Regulated by a humoral negative feedback mechanism
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
PTH release increases Ca2+ in the blood as it:
Definition
Stimulates Osteoclasts
Enhances the reabsorption of Ca2+ and the secretion of phosphate by the kidneys
Increases absorption
Term
paired, pyramid-shaped organs atop the kidneys
Definition
Adrenal Glands
Term
glandular tissue derived from embryonic mesoderm
Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
most important mineralocorticoid
Maintains Na+ balance by reducing excretion of sodium from the body
Stimulates reabsorption of Na+ by the kidneys
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
The Four Mechanisms of Aldosterone Secretion
Definition
Renin-angiotensin mechanism

Plasma concentration of sodium and potassium

ACTH

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Term
inhibits activity of the zona glomerulosa
Definition
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Term
Help the body resist stress by:
Keeping blood sugar levels relatively constant
Maintaining blood volume and preventing water shift into tissue
Definition
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Term
Cortisol provokes:
Definition
Gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from noncarbohydrates)
Rises in blood glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids
Term
Excessive Levels of Glucocorticoids
Definition
Inhibit inflammation
Depress the immune system
Term
Made up of chromaffin cells that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
Definition
Adrenal Medulla
Term
A triangular gland, which has both exocrine and endocrine cells, located behind the stomach (retro peritoneal)
Definition
Pancreas
Term
cells produce an enzyme-rich juice used for digestion (exocrine product)
Definition
Acinar
Term
The islets contain two major cell types:
Definition
Alpha () cells that produce glucagon
Beta () cells that produce insulin
Term
A 29-amino-acid polypeptide hormone that is a potent hyperglycemic agent.

Its major target is liver.
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Glucagon targets liver, where it promotes:

-

-

-
Definition
Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Release of glucose to the blood from liver cells
Term
– the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Definition
Glycogenolysis
Term
synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrates
Definition
Gluconeogenesis
Term
A 51-amino-acid protein consisting of two amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds
Definition
Insulin
Term
Enhances into body cells transport of glucose (tq)
Definition
Insulin
Term
ALLOWS GLUCOSE TO ENTER CELL
Definition
Insulin Binding
Term
Hyperinsulinism
Definition
excessive insulin secretion, resulting in hypoglycemia
Term
Paired ovaries in the abdominopelvic cavity produce
Definition
estrogens and progesterone
Term
These hormones are essential for the development of the T lymphocytes (T cells) of the immune system
Definition
thymopoietins and thymosins
Term
produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which reduces blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium concentration
Definition
Heart
Term
enteroendocrine cells release local-acting digestive hormones
Definition
Gastrointestinal tract
Term
releases hormones that influence the course of pregnancy
Definition
Placenta
Term
Kidneys
Definition
secrete erythropoietin, which signals the production of red blood cells
Term
produces(?) cholecalciferol, the precursor of vitamin D
Definition
Skin
Term
releases leptin, which is involved in the sensation of satiety, and stimulates increased energy expenditure
Definition
Adipose Tissue
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