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Anatomy/histology quiz 4
Ch 9- oral mucosa Ch 10- gingival and dentogingival junctional tissues
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/25/2008

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Term
masticatory mucosa
Definition
Rubbery surface texture and resiliency. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Includes the attached gingiva, the hard palate, and the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Term
of the oral mucosa epithelial tissue types which one is the most common?
Definition
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Term
which mucosa is the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium associated with?
Definition
the lining mucous
Term
what are the 3 layers of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Definition
1)basal layer- The deepest layer. "Stratum Basale" A single layer of cuboidal epi cells. Mitosis of the epi cells occurs within this layer.

2)Intermediate layer- "Stratum Intermedium" middle layer composed of larger cells. Makes up the bulk of the nonkeratinized epithelium.

3)Superficial layer "Stratum Superficiale"- most superficial layer whose outer cells flatten into squames. The squames shed as they age and die during the turnover of tissue.
Term
in which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium does mitosis of the epithelial cells occur?
Definition
The Basal Layer- "Stratum Basale"
Term
Which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium makes up the bulk of the nonkeratinized tissue?
Definition
The intermediate layer- "Stratum Intermedium"
Term
which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium has outer cells that flatten into squames and shed as they die?
Definition
The superficial layer "Stratum Superficiale" the outer cells flatten into squames which are shed as they die during the turnover of tissue.
Term
Lining mucosa
Definition
Noted for its softer texture, moist surface, and the ability to stretch and be compressed, acting as a cushion for the underlying structures. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Includes the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth, ventral surface of the tongue, and the soft palate.
Term
stippling
Definition
Pin-point depressions present on the surface of the attached gingiva. Looks like an orange peel.
Term
describe the regional differences of attached gingiva
Definition
Clinical: opaque pink, dull, firm, immobile, with varying amounts of stippling (little depressions that give orange peel appearance).

Epithelium: thick keratinized (mainly para, some orthokeratinized)

Lamina propria: tall narrow CT papillae, extensive vascular supply, serves as mucoperiosteum to bone.

Submucosa: not present
Term
describe the clinical and histological aspects of filiform lingual papillae
Definition
Clinical: most common lingual papillae, on the dorsal surface of the tongue, fine-pointed cones that give tongue its velvety texture.

Histological: thick layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. An increased amount of keratin and the surface of each, forming a snow-covered "christmas tree" appearance and white color of this lingual papilla. Pointed structure. No tastes buds in epithelium.
Term
describe the histological and clinical features of fungiform lingual papillae
Definition
Clinical: fewer in number than filiform, on the body of the dorsal surface of the tongue. Appear as reddish dots that are slightly raised and mushroom shaped. 1mm in diameter.

Histological: thin layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a highly vascularized core of lamina propria (giving redder appearance.) Mushroom shaped structure. Tastes buds in most superficial portion of epithelium.
Term
describe the clinical and histological features of foliate lingual papillae
Definition
Clinical: 4 to 11 vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the tongue.

Histological: leaf-shaped structure of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds located in superficial layers of epithelium.
Term
What is the lamina propria?
Definition
A connective tissue proper, that is under the epithelium of the oral mucosa. All forms of epithelium whether associated with lining, masticatory or specialized mucosa have a lamina propria deep to the basement membrane.

Consists of 2 layers:
1) Papillary layer- more superficial, consists of loose connective tissue within the papillae along with blood vessels and nerve tissue.
2) dense layer- deep layer of the lamina propria. Consists of dense connective tissue with a large amount of fibers.

Also has a capillary plexus between the two layers which provides nutrition for all the mucosa and sends capillaries into the connective tissue papillae.
Term
Which mucosa is opaque pink, dull, and is immobile with stippling? What type of epithelium does it have?
Definition
The attached gingiva appears opaque pink, dull, firm, and is immobile with various amounts of stippling.

It has thick keratinized epithelium (mainly para, some ortho)
Term
Which type of gingiva serves as mucoperiosteum for the bone?
Definition
The attached gingiva
Term
what is the most common type of lingual papillae?
Definition
The filiform lingual papillae is the most common.
Term
Does the filiform papillae have taste buds?
Definition
Nope!
Term
Which lingual papilla has a thick layer of ortho parakeratinized epithelium?
Definition
The filiform lingual papilla. The keratin increases at the surface of each papilla giving it the snow covered xmas tree appearance.
Term
which lingual papilla has the thin layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium and is highly vascularized in it's lamina propria?
Definition
The fungiform lingual papillae. These are the mushroom shaped ones, and have tastes buds in the most superficial epithelium.
Term
Of the 4 types of lingual papillae; filiform, fungiform, foliate and circumvallate, which is the only one that doesn't have taste buds?
Definition
Filiform
Term
describe the clinical and histological features of circumvallate lingual papillae
Definition
clinical: 7 to 15 large, raised mushroom shaped structures just anterior to the sulcus terminalis. Larger in diameter than fungiform (the other mushroom shaped one) measuring 3-5mm.

Histological: mushroom shaped structures with ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds in the epithelium surround the entire base of each circumvallate.
Term
Which lingual papillae have taste buds surrounded their entire base?
Definition
circumvallate lingual papillae
Term
about how many circumvallate lingual papillae are present on the tongue? How big is each one?
Definition
7-15 present. 3-5 mm in diameter each.
Term
about how many vertical ridges make up the foliate lingual papillae? Are these on the posterior or anterior lateral boarder of the tongue?
Definition
4-11 on the posterior lateral boarder.
Term
describe the clinical and histological features of foliate lingual papillae
Definition
Clinical: 4 to 11 vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the posterior portion of the tongue.

Histological: leaf-shaped structure of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds located in the superficial epithelium.
Term
what are 2 clinical abnormalities associated with the filiform lingual papillae?
Definition
geographic tongue and black hairy tongue
Term
describe geographic tongue
Definition
Appears as red, and then paler pink to white patches on the body of the tongue. These patches change shape with time, resembling a geographic map. Demonstrates sensitivity of the filiform papillae to changes in their environment. The filiform papillae undergo changes from parakeratinized epithelium (which is redder) to orthkeratinized epithelium (which is whiter). Sometimes associated with soreness or slight burning on the surface of the tongue. No treatment indicated for geographic tongue.
Term
describe black hairy tongue
Definition
Presents on the dorsal surface of the tongue when normal shedding of the epithelium of the filiform lingual papillae does not occur. As a result, a thick layer of dead cells and keratin builds up on the surface of the tongue, which then becomes extrinsically stained by tobacco, medicines, or colored oral bacteria. Treatment indicated is tongue brushing/scraping.
This is not a disorder that results from neglect, it is a cellular dysfunction.
Term
In what way does attached gingiva adhere to the bone?
Definition
attached gingival tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth.
Term
What is the interdental gingiva?
Definition
The gingiva located between adjacent teeth.
Term
What is marginal gingiva?
Definition
Marginal gingiva is the free gingiva located at the gingival margin of each tooth.
Term
What is the col?
Definition
A concave area of the interdental gingiva located apical to the contact area between the facial and lingual surfaces.
Term
What is the free gingival crest?
Definition
The most superficial part of the marginal gingiva.
Term
What is the free gingival groove?
Definition
It separates the attached gingival from the marginal gingival. It is noted by a slight depression on the gingiva which corresponds to the depth of the gingival sulcus. This is more prominent on the mandibular anterior and premolar regions.
Term
what are some signs of active periodontal disease that are visible on the gingiva?
Definition
*enlargement of marginal and attached gingival tissues. This is due to the inflammatory response in the lamina propria causing edema which causes growth.

*a redder appearance of tissues due to increased blood flow in the lamina propria

*loss of stippling because the inflammatory edema reduces the strong attachment between the epithelium and the lamina propria

*gingival recession
Term
What is junctional epithelium?
Definition
The junctional epithelium is a deeper extension of the sulcular epithelium. It lines the floor of the gingival sulcus and is attached to the tooth surface by way of epithelial attachment. This attachment can occur on enamel, cementum or dentin.
Term
Desc
Definition
Term
Describe the histology of junctional epithelium.
Definition
Has a relatively smooth interface to underlying lamina propria, with out rete ridges or connective tissue papillae. JE cells are loosely packed, with fewer desmosomal junctions between cells, compared to other gingival tissues. The JE is more permeable than other gingival tissues which allows for the movement of WBCs to keep the tissue healthy by protecting it from microbes within the bacterial biofilm.
Term
What is the depth of a healthy gingival sulcus? At which point would it be considered unhealthy?
Definition
Normal depth between .5 and 3.0 mm.
More than 3.0 is unhealthy (generally)
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