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Anatomy Forearm
KYCOM Block 4
194
Anatomy
Graduate
11/19/2012

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Term
what is another word for forearm
Definition
antibrachium
Term
what surrounds the forearm
Definition
antibrachial fascia, deep fascia
Term
what connecs the radius and ulna, what is its other function
Definition
interosseus membrane, attaches deep forearm muscles
Term
what divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments
Definition
interosseous membrane
Term
what is another name fore the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor
Term
what is another name for the posterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
extensor
Term
what nerves form the cutaneous innervation of the forearm
Definition
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, posterior cutaneous nerve of the foreaem
Term
what is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
musculocutaneous
Term
what is the medial cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
medial cord
Term
what is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what are the superificial veins of the forearm
Definition
cephalic, basilic, median cubital, median antibrachial
Term
what vein is frequently used for venipuncture
Definition
median cubital
Term
describe the location of the median antebrachial vein
Definition
ascends along the forearm midline and drains into median cubital vein
Term
what is the flexor retinaculum, where is it located
Definition
strong fibrous connective tissue band on the anterior wrist
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum attach to medially
Definition
pisiform and hook of hamate
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum attach to laterally
Definition
scaphoid and trapezium
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum create at its lateral attachment, what is located there
Definition
creates a tunnel for the fleor capri radialis tendon
Term
in general what does the retinaculum form
Definition
anterior concave surface of the carpel bones into the carpal tunnel
Term
what is in the carpal tunnel
Definition
median nerve and flexor tendons of the fingers
Term
what cauuses carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
compression of the median nerve at the carpel tunnel
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
what are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus
Term
what are all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm supplied by
Definition
median nerve
Term
what muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are not supplied by the median nerve, what nerve is it
Definition
the flexor carpi ulnaris and medial hald of flexor digitorum produndus are supplied by the ulnar nerve
Term
what is the origin of the pronator teres humeral head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the origin of the pronator teres ulnar head
Definition
medial aspect of the coronoid process
Term
what does the median nerve pass between in the cubital fossa
Definition
the heads of the pronator teres
Term
what is the insertion of the pronator teres
Definition
middle part of lateral surface of shaft of radius (pronator tuberosity)
Term
what is the innervation of the pronator teres
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the pronator teres
Definition
pronation and flexion of the forearm
Term
what is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
common flexor tendon which is attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Term
what does the flexor carpi radialis pass through before its insertion
Definition
tendon passes through its own tunnel in lateral part of flexor retinaculum
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
flexion and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the palmaris longus
Definition
common flexor tendon, which is attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the palmaris longus
Definition
distal part of the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Term
what does the palmaris longus pass by before its insertion
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what innervates the palmaris longus
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the palmaris longus
Definition
flexion of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
does everyone have a palmaris longus
Definition
no, 14% of people dont
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris humeral head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar head
Definition
medial espect of the olecranon and posterior border of the ulnar shaft
Term
what does the ulnar nerve pass through as it enters the forearm
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
pisiform, hook and hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
flexion and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum superificialis humeroulnar head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and medial aspect of the coronoid process
Term
what is the origin of the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
anterior aspect of the radius
Term
before its insertion, how does the flexor digitorum superificialis reorganize
Definition
muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons that enter the hand through the carpal tunnel, at proximal phalanges the tendons divide into 2 slips allowing passage of corresponding tendons of flexor digitorum progundus
Term
what is the final insertion of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
two slips that attach to the middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
flexion of middle phalanges (interphalangeal joints) of medial 4 fingers, flexioon of proximal phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joints) of medial 4 fingers with flexion of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
anterior surface of the shaft of the radius and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
base of distal phalanx of thumb
Term
what does the flexor pollicis longus pass through before its insertion
Definition
carpal tunnel
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
anterior interosseous nerve (branch of the median nerve)
Term
what is the action of the flexior pollicis longus
Definition
flexion of the distal phalanx (interphalangeal joint) of the thumb, flexion of proximal phalanx (metacarpophalangeal joint) of the thumb, flexion of 1st metacarpal (carpometacarpal joint) of the thumb, flexion of the hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
anterior and medial surfaces of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
lower forearm, then there are 4 tendons that go through the carpal tunnel
Term
what do the tendons of the flexor digitorum progundus pass through, where do they then insert
Definition
between 2 slpis of corresponding tendons of the flexor digitorum superificialis and insert into bases of the distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum progundus medial half
Definition
little and ring finger, ulnar nerve
Term
what is the innervation of the lateral half of the flexor digitorum produndus
Definition
index and middle fingers, anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
Term
what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
flexion of the distal phalanges (interphalangeal joint) of medial 4 fingers, flexion of middle and proximal phalanges (proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints), and flexion of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the pronator quadratus
Definition
lower anterior shaft of ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the pronator quadratus
Definition
lower anterior shaft of radius
Term
what is the innervation of the pronator quadratus
Definition
anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median)
Term
what is the action of the pronator quadratus
Definition
pronation of the forearm
Term
what is located in the carpal tunnel
Definition
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superificialis and flexor digitorum profundus, tendon of flexor pollicis longus, median nerve, all the tendons have a common flexor sheath
Term
where does the ulnar artery begin
Definition
in the cubital fossa as a terminal branch of the brachial artery
Term
where is the ulnar artery located in the upper forearm
Definition
deep to the hands of the pronator teres and to all superificial ad intermediate muscues of the anterior compartment
Term
in the lower forearm where is the ulnar artery
Definition
superificial, between the tendon of the flexor carpi and the ulnaris and the ulnar nerve and the tendons of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
where does the ulnar artery end the hand, with what
Definition
anterior to the flexor retinaculum, unlar nerve
Term
how does the ulnar artery end
Definition
forming superificial palmar arch
Term
what are the branches of the ulnar artery
Definition
muscular branches, anterior and posterior recurrent, palmar and dorsal carpal, common interosseous, anterior interosseous, posterior interosseous
Term
how do the anterior and posterior unlar arteries end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
how do the palmar and dorsal carpal arteries end
Definition
anastomose with correspondiing branches of the radial artery to form palmar and dorsal carpal arches
Term
where does the common interosseous artery begin
Definition
upper ulnar artery
Term
how does the common interosseous artery end
Definition
divides into anterior and posterior interosseous
Term
where does the anterior interosseous artery run
Definition
inferior on the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane and proximal border of the pronator quadratus, it pierces the interosseous membrane and enters posterior compartment of the arm
Term
what does the posterior interosseous artery pass between
Definition
ulna and radius above the superior border of the interosseous membrane to enter the posterior compartment of the forearm
Term
where does the radial artery begin
Definition
in the cubital fossa, a terminal branch of the brachial artery
Term
what is the radial artery covered by in the upper forearm
Definition
brachioradialis
Term
where is the radial artery in the lower forearm
Definition
superificial and between tendon of the brachioradialis and tendon of felxor carpi radialis
Term
what is the radial artery accompanied by
Definition
superificial branch of the radial nerve
Term
what are the branches of the radial artery
Definition
muscular, radial recurrent, palmar and dorsal carpal, superificial palmar
Term
how does the radial recurrent artery end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
how does the palmar and dorsal carpal arteries end
Definition
branches anastomose with corresponding branches of ulnar arteryto form palmar and dorsal carpal arches
Term
where does the superificial palmar artery begin
Definition
just above wrist
Term
how does the superificial palmar artery end
Definition
enters palm of hand and frequrntly anastomoses with ulnar artery to complete the superificial palmar arch on the lateral side
Term
where does the median nerve exit the cubital foss
Definition
between humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres
Term
what does the median nerve descend in the forearm between
Definition
flexor digitorum superificialis, flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the median nerve located at the wrist
Definition
emerbes above wrist from under the flexor digitorum superificialis and lies just deep to rendon of palmaris longus
Term
how does the median nerve enter the hand
Definition
carpal tunnel
Term
what are the branches of the median nerve
Definition
muscular, articular branch to elbow joint, palmar branch, anterior interosseous
Term
what are the muscular branches of the median nerve
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
what does the palmar branch of the medial nerve supply
Definition
skin over lateral palm of hand
Term
what does the palmar branch of the median nerve pass over
Definition
superificial to flexor retinaculum
Term
where does the anterior interosseous nerve originate
Definition
medial nerve as it emerges from pronator teres
Term
describe the path of the anterior interosseous nerve
Definition
runs inferior on anterion interosseous membrane with anterior interosseous a
Term
what does the interior interosseous innervate
Definition
dlexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, lateral hald of flexor digitorum progundus
Term
what are the branches of the anterior interosseous nerve
Definition
articular branches to wrist and distal radioulnar joints
Term
how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm
Definition
anterior by passing between both heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what is the ulnar nerve accompanied by
Definition
ulnar artery along most of its corse in the forearm
Term
what is the ulnar nerve between in the upper forearm
Definition
more deeply located between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the ulnar nerve in the lower forearm
Definition
more superificial between dendon of flexor carpi and ulnar artery
Term
were is the ulnar nerve located as it enters the palm of the hand
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what are the branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
muscular, articular to the elbow, palmar, dorsal, superificial, deep
Term
what are the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve located
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supply
Definition
medial aprt of the palm of hand
Term
where is the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve located
Definition
curves around the ulna, deep to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris,
Term
what does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supply
Definition
skin of medial part of dorsum of the hand and proximal dorsal surface of medial half of fiingers
Term
what are the terminal branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
superificial and deep
Term
what is the extensor retinculum
Definition
thickening of deep fascia across the back of wrist
Term
what is the function of the extensor retinaculum
Definition
holds extensor tendons in place
Term
what does the retinaculum convert
Definition
grooves on posterior aspect of distal ends of the redius and ulna into 6 seperate tunnels for long extensor tendons
Term
what are the tunnels of the retinaculum lined with
Definition
synovial sheaths
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the posterior forearm supplied by
Definition
radial nerve deep branch of posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the posterior interosseous nerve a continuation of
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve in posterior forearm compartment
Term
what is the origin of the brachioradialis
Definition
upper part of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the brachioradialis
Definition
base of styloid process of radius
Term
what is the innervation of the brachioradialis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the brachioradialis
Definition
flexion of forearm at elbow joint, assists in supination of forearm
Term
what is the origin of the extensor radialis longus
Definition
lower part of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
extension and abduction of the hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor digitorum
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor digitorum
Definition
muscle belly gives 4 tendons that fan over dorsum of hand to form extensor expansions near the proximal interphalangeal joints
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor digitorum
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor digitorum
Definition
extension of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers and extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and usually divides into 2 slips which insert into extensor expansion of the little finger
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of extensor digiti minimi
Definition
extension of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of littel finger, assists with extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the origin of the ulnar head of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
posterior border of the shaft of ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into the dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
extension and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the anconeus
Definition
posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the anconeus
Definition
lateral surface of the olcranon and upper part of posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna
Term
what is the innervation of the anconeus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the anconeus
Definition
assists triceps brachii in extension of the forearm at elbow joint
Term
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
Term
what are the muscles of the deep posterior forearm innervated by
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the origin of the supinator
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments of the elbow, and supinator crest and fossa of the ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the supinator
Definition
fibers wrap around the radius to insert into the anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces of the upper 1/3 of the radius
Term
what is the innervation of the supinator
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the supinator
Definition
supination of the forearm
Term
what pierces the supinator
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
how does the deep branch of the radial nerve get to the forearm
Definition
pierces the supinator
Term
wt is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior surface of the shafts of ulna and radius and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
tendon inserts into dorsal aspect of base of 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
abducts and extends thumb at the carpometacarpal joint and assists with abduction of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the redius and the interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb and 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
extensor of distal and proximal phalanges of the htumb and 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the anatomical snuff box
Definition
triangular depression on lateral side of wrist
Term
what is the anterior boundry of the snuff box
Definition
tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Term
what is the posterior boundry of the snuff box
Definition
tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Term
what lines of the floor of the snuff box
Definition
radial artery, deep to tendons
Term
what is the origin of the extensor indicis
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor indicis
Definition
extensor expansion of the index finber
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor indicis
Definition
posterior inerosseous nerve
Term
what is the action fo the extensor indicis
Definition
extends proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the index finger and assists with the extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
explain the path of the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
runs down the forearm deep to the brachioradialis muscle and lateral to the radial artery
Term
where is the superificial branch of the radial nerve in the distal forearm
Definition
seperates from artery and passes backward under the tendon of the brachioradialis to reach the posterior surface of the wrist
Term
how does the superificial branch of the radial nerve end
Definition
divides into branches the supply skin on lateral dorsum of hand and dorsal aspect of lateral 3.5 fingers
Term
describe the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve to the posterior compartment
Definition
pierces supinator, winds around lateral aspect of the radius within supinator to reach posterior compartment of forearm
Term
how is the posterior interosseous nerve formed from
Definition
radial nerve after it pierces the supinator muscle
Term
describe the path of the interosseous nerve
Definition
descends between superificial and deep muscles of posterior compartment of forearm and terminates on the posterior aspect of the wrist
Term
what does the deep branch of the forearm supply
Definition
extensor carpi radialis bravis and supinator
Term
what does the posterior interosseous nerve supply
Definition
extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus and extensor indicis, articular branch to wrist and intercarpal joints
Term
where does the posterior interosseous artery originate
Definition
anterior compartment from the common interosseous artery
Term
describe the path of the posterior interosseous artery to the posterior compartment
Definition
passes posterior between ulna and radius above the interosseous membrane to reach posterior compartment
Term
describe the path of the posterior intersseous artery in the posterior compartment
Definition
accompanies posterior interosseous nerve, gives off interosseous recurrent artery, terminal part anastamoses with the anterior interosseous artery
Term
what does the anterior interosseous artery pierce before it terminaates, as what
Definition
pierces interosseous membrane, anastomoes with posterior interosseous artery
Term
how does the interosseous recurrent artery end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow
Term
What does the anterior interosseous never innervate. Know this!
Definition
Flexor pollicks longus, pronator quadratus, lateral flexor digitorum, profundus
Term
What is the anterior compartment innervated by, except? Know this!
Definition
Median nerve except flexor Capri ulnaris and medial flexor digitorum profoundly, they are ulnar nerve
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