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Anatomy for Artists
Terms and relationships for a visual-arts study of human bones and muscles
92
Anatomy
Not Applicable
12/12/2011

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Cards

Term
When does the distal end of the radius cross over the distal end of the ulna?
Definition
When the lower arm is pronated.
Term
Which lower-arm bone always follows the position of the thumb?
Definition
Radius
Term
Distance between the two PSIS points?
Definition
1/3 f
Term
what happens to the pectoralis major when the arms are raised?
Definition
It no longer twists.
Term
name of the flat blocklike structure at the end of the scapula on which the clavicle rests?
Definition
acromion process
Term
name of the muscle that is responsible for raising the body up on tiptoes?
Definition
soleus
Term
name of the long, thin muscle that forms the silhouette of the top of the thigh?
Definition
rectus femoris
Term
what 3 structures make up the pes anserinus?
Definition
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
Term
name of the spindle-shaped structure at the distal end of the humerus, and the lower-arm bone that articulates with it?
Definition
trochlea, ulna
Term
name of the elbow bone?
Definition
olecranon
Term
how many phalanges do toes 2-5 have? how many does the big toe have?
Definition
3 phalanges (toes 2-5); 2 phalanges (big toe)
Term
name of floating bone in neck?
Definition
hyoid bone
Term
name of muscle responsible for pronating the lower arm?
Definition
pronator teres
Term
name several surface structural landmarks to look for when looking at a figure.
Definition
C7, ASIS, PSIS
Term
what creates a plane change on the lateral lower arm?
Definition
ulnar ridge, which separates the extensors from the flexors
Term
name 3 groups of muscles in the lower arm.
Definition
flexors, extensors, ridge group
Term
muscle group that causes fist to clench?
Definition
flexors
Term
bone in the foot that achilles tendon attaches to?
Definition
calcaneus
Term
diamond-shaped superficial back muscle?
Definition
trapezius
Term
muscle that attaches above the spine of the scapula?
Definition
superspinatus
Term
what's the only place where the scapula articulates with the rest of the skeleton?
Definition
the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Term
name of the neck muscle beneath the sternocleidomastoid?
Definition
scalene
Term
part of the scapula that reaches toward the anterior plane, and 2 structures that attach to it?
Definition
corocoid process

2 structures attaching to it include the short head of the biceps and the pectoralis minor
Term
name 3 bone or cartilage structures relatively larger, wider, or more prominent on females than males.
Definition
- female pelvis is wider
- female carrying angle is greater
- cricoid cartilage can be more prominenet in females
Term
is the eye of the back a concavity or a convexity?
Definition
depends on the position the person is assuming
Term
what muscles are anterior and medial to the tibia?
Definition
none
Term
which finger (or toe) is the peak of the form?
Definition
middle toe or finger
Term
name two major muscles with multiple bellies that twist.
Definition
pectoralis major, gastrocs
Term
name of pea-shaped wrist bone, what hand muscle originates from it, and what finger that muscle is associated with?
Definition
pisiform bone; hypothenar mass; pinky
Term
approximate measurement of the hand, lengthwise along the middle finger?
Definition
3/4 head
Term
what tear-shaped muscle mass pertains to the thumb? what tear-shaped mass pertains to pinky?
Definition
thenar muscle mass; hypothenar muscle mass
Term
what portion of the hand do the phalanges make up, lengthwise?
Definition
1/2 f
Term
if the left arm is supinated, what bone is medial? what muscle group is medial? is this the same or different for the right arm in the same position?
Definition
ulna; flexors; same.
Term
is the deltoid or the triceps more superficial?
Definition
deltoid
Term
what structure produces a plane change in the scapula?
Definition
spine of scapula
Term
what muscle performs a similar flexing action to that of the bicep?
Definition
brachialis
Term
name 4 insertion points of pectoralis major
Definition
clavicle, menubrium, sternum, 6th rib
Term
what muscle(s) attach to the middle 1/3 of the clavicle?
Definition
none
Term
what are the origin and insertion points of the serratus?
Definition
origin: inferior angle of scapula (underneath)
insertion: ribs 2-9
Term
what are the dimensions of the scapula, typically?
Definition
3/4 head high and 3/4 head wide
Term
how long is the clavicle, typically?
Definition
3/4 head
Term
where does the ball of the humerus articulate?
Definition
glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa
Term
which 2 of these processes go with the ulna? which 2 go with the scapula?
1- acromion
2- olecranon
3- corocoid
4- coronoid
Definition
1- scapula (shoulder girdle)
2- ulna (elbow)
3- scapula (anterior plane)
4- ulna
Term
how much of the hand's length is represented by the metacarpal of the middle finger?
Definition
1/2 of lower 1/2 f
Term
width of the skull, in a lateral view?
Definition
7/8 head length
Term
width of the skull, in an anterior view?
Definition
2/3 head length
Term
bottom of patella hits at approximately what point, in head lengths?
Definition
5 1/2 heads down
Term
scalene muscle: origin and insertion points
Definition
origin: C2-C7
insertion: posterior lateral plane of first rib
Term
semi-spinalis:origin, insertion, and action
Definition
origin: tips of transverse processes C7 - T6 or T7
insertion: nuchial line
action: side-to-side rotation of face
Term
levator scapulae: origin, insertion, action
Definition
origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
insertion: between superior angle of scapula and spine of scapula
action: lift and bring scapulae in together
Term
rectus abdominis origin and insertion points
Definition
origin: pubic symphysis
insertion: anterior plane of costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, and anterior plane of xyphoid process
Term
where is the navel typically situated?
Definition
situated 1/2 to 2/3 of the way down the linea alba
Term
what muscles does the semilunar line separate?
Definition
separates the rectus abdominis from the external oblique
Term
dimensions of the rib cage, in terms of head length?
Definition
1 3/4 head long x 1 1/4 wide
Term
width of the spine at the top and bottom, respectively, in terms of head length?
Definition
1/4 at the top; 1/3 at the bottom
Term
what are the origin and insertion points of the linea alba?
Definition
origin: xyphoid process
insertion: pubic symphysis
Term
origin and insertion points for biceps brachii?
Definition
origin: long head goes from the glenoid cavity area along bicipetal groove of humerus; the short head originates from the corocoid process

insertion: radial tuberosity
Term
where is the pubic symphysis situated on a perfectly proportioned adult?
Definition
3 3/4 heads from the top or the bottom of the body--exactly halfway up/down
Term
length of the humerus and lower arm, respectively, in terms of head length?
Definition
1 1/2 head (humerus)
1 1/4 head (lower arm)
Term
origin and insertion for pectoralis minor?
Definition
origin: corocoid process
insertion: 6th rib
Term
which ribs make up the back plate of the rib cage?
Definition
ribs 7, 8, 9
Term
height of the PELVIS in the anterior, posterior, and lateral view? height of the BOX in the tilted-pelvis view in all these orientations?
Definition
pelvis: 3/4 head high
tilted box: 1 head high
Term
for the tilted pelvis, where are the ASIS points located?
Definition
in an anterior view, these points are located:
1/8f medially from the side of the box
1/3f down from top of the box

in a lateral view, this point is located 1/3 down, touching the side of the box.
Term
where are the AIIS points located in the tilted pelvis, anterior view?
Definition
1/4f from the sides of the box; 2/3f down from top of box
Term
depth of the BOX representing the tilted pelvis (including pubic bone) in lateral view?
Definition
7/8 head
Term
depth of pelvis in an untilted lateral view, not including the pelvic bone?
Definition
2/3 head (not counting the 1/4 head depth of the pubic bone)
Term
in a lateral, tilted view of the pelvis, where does the wide point fall relative to the ASIS?
Definition
1/4f back from the ASIS along the top of the box
Term
distance between the femurs at their wide points?
Definition
1 1/3 head
Term
name the parts of the femur at the top
Definition
head (2/3 sphere)
neck
greater trochanter (more lateral)
lesser trochanter (more medial)
Term
where does the bottom of the patella fall, in head lengths, relative to the top and bottom of the figure?
Definition
5 1/2 heads down, 2 heads up
Term
origin and insertion points for the adductor brevis?
Definition
origin: below pubic symphysis
insertion: top 1/3 of linea aspera
Term
adductor longus origin and insertion points?
Definition
origin: pubic symphysis
insertion: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
Term
adductor magnus origin and insertion points?
Definition
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor tubercle
Term
name the 3 muscles in the adductor group.
Definition
brevis, longus, magnus
Term
name the 3 muscles of the quads.
Definition
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis
Term
vastus medialis attachment points?
Definition
magnus tendon --> linea aspera and patella
Term
vastus intermedius attachment points?
Definition
anterior plane of femur below the greater trochanter --> patella
Term
vastus lateralis attachment points?
Definition
greater trochanter, down the linea aspera to the patella
Term
rectus femoris origin and insertion points?
Definition
ASIS --> patella
Term
name the two parts of the "hamstring" group.
Definition
1) semimembrinouis and -tendinosus
2) biceps femoris
Term
semimembrinosus origin and insertion points?
Definition
ischial tuberosity --> posterior medial head of tibia
Term
semitendinosus origin and insertion points?
Definition
ischial tuberosity --> anterior/medial head of tibia
Term
biceps femoris origin and insertion points?
Definition
ischial tuberosity --> head of fibula
Term
what happens to the femur's orientation as it descends from the acetabulum (2 changes)?
Definition
It angles in toward the midline, and it also twists in the same direction.
Term
what's the distance from the bottom of the pelvis to the knee joint?
Definition
1 1/2 heads
Term
dimensions of the condyles?
Definition
1/4 head high
1/3 head wide
Term
location and function of the linea aspera?
Definition
location: a ridge running down the back of the femur
function: attachment point for muscles
Term
what two muscles form the medial and lateral cords on the posterior plane of the knee, respectively?
Definition
medial: semitendinosus
lateral: biceps femoris
Term
gluteus medius attachment points?
Definition
ASIS to WP to PSIS to greater trochanter
Term
ilio-tibial band
Definition
runs down the lateral side of the upper leg; gluteus medius and tensor faschia lata attach to it
Term
gluteus maximus attachment points?
Definition
above the PSIS to the sacrum and to the ilio-tibial band
Term
sartorius attachment points?
what structure does this contribute to at top of thigh? at bottom of the thigh?
Definition
ASIS to inside of tibia. One of the two cordlike structures forming a depression on the anterior plane at the top of the thigh; one of 3 structures forming the pes anserinus at the bottom of the thigh (medial side)
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