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Anatomy flash 1
basic anatomy flash cards
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/26/2008

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Term
Saggital plane (directional
Definition
Runs length of body, divides left and right parts that are not always equal
Term
Exocrine
Definition
Released through ducts
Term
Endocrine
Definition
Released into blood to be delivered to organs
Term
Cranial (directional terms)
Definition
Toward the head
Term
Caudal (directional terms)
Definition
Toward the tail
Term
Rostral (directional terms)
Definition
Toward the nose
Term
Caudal (directional terms)
Definition
Toward the tail
Term
Dorsal (directional)
Definition
Toward the back
Term
Ventral (directional)
Definition
Toward the body
Term
Ventral (directional)
Definition
Toward the belly
Term
Medial (directional)
Definition
Toward the median plane
Term
Lateral (directional)
Definition
Away from the median plane
Term
Deep (directional)
Definition
(Internal) toward the center whole or body part
Term
Superficial (directional)
Definition

(external) Toward the surface

Term
Proximal (directional)
Definition
Toward the body (extremity)
Term
Distal (directional)
Definition
Away from the body (extremity)
Term
How does the anatomy of a muscle or bone differ from the physiology?  Which describes apearance and location, which describes function?
Definition
Anatomy deals with the form and structure of the body parts.  What they look like and where they are located.  Physiology deals with the functions, how they work and what they do.
Term
How might an abnormalities in an animal's anatomy or physiology have a negative impact on on it's health and well-being
Definition

The various parts of the body must work together in near-perfect harmony to maintain the life and well-being of an animal.  Life is not simple and health is not automatic.

Term
Skeletal (systems)
Definition
Bones and joint
Term
Integumentary (systems)
Definition
Skin, hair, nails
Term
Nervous (systems)
Definition
Central and peripheral
Term
Cardiovascular (systems)
Definition
Heart and blood vessels
Term
Respiratory (systems)
Definition
Lungs and airways
Term
Digestive (systems)
Definition
gastrointestinal tube, and accessory digestive organs
Term
Muscular (systems)
Definition
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Term
Dorsal plane
Definition
Divides body into dorsal (toward the back) and ventral (toward the body).
Term
Transverse Plane (directional)
Definition
Plane that runs across the body and divides it into cranial and caudal not always equal
Term
Median Plane (directional)
Definition
aka midsagittal plane. runs down center of body. Divides into right and left equally.
Term
Reproductive (systems)
Definition
Male and female reproductive structures
Term
How does each of the anatomical planes of reference divide a cows body?
Definition
4 planes of reference that are an iminaginary slice through the body, dividing top, bottom, left right, front back.
Term
Facing a cat head on, is it's left ear on your left or right side?
Definition
Right
Term
Why must the term rostral be used instead of cranial be used but the term caudal works just fine?
Definition
Cranial means towards the head which on upright animals (humans) means tops but on a dog does not refer to the front.
Term
According to the principles of bilateral symmetry, single structures in the body are located on or near which anatomaical plane of reference?
Definition
The median plane.
Term
Pleura (directional)
Definition
Thoracic cavity
Term
Peritoneum (directional)
Definition
abdomen
Term
what is the difference between the visceral and parietal layers of pleura and peritoneum?
Definition
layer that covers the organs are visceral and layer that lines the cavities are parietal.
Term
what is the difference between a cell, a tissue, an organ and a system in an animals body?
Definition
a cell is the smallest sudivision capable of life. Tissues are groups of cells. Organs are groups of tissues that work together for a common purpose and systems are groups of organs involved in a common set of activities.
Term
What are the 4 basic tissue that make up an animals body?
Definition
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body.
Term
What are the basic cellular functions that define life?
Definition
carries genetic material that governs it's own development, metabolism and specialization.
Term
Plasmalemma or plasma membrane
Definition
membrane that separates cells from their environment
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Converts glucose into lactate or pyruvate and releases a small amount of ATP
Term
Cellular respiration
Definition
the oxidation of organic material to yeild energy, carbon dioxide and water.
Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
Fibrous(Syntharoses) Immovable. Bones are united by fibrous tissue.
Term
Cartilagenous Joints
Definition
(amphiarthroses) Slight rocking movement. Intervertebral disks symphyses between two halves of pelvis.
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
(Diarthroses) freely movable.
Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
Striated, voluntary, moves bones of the skeleton. Multiple nuclei, long thin fiber cells, nerve supply necessary for function.
Term
Smooth muscle
Definition
Non-striated. Internal organs, blood vessels, eyes. Single nuclei, spindle shaped cells, visceral nerve supply.
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Heat. Pumps blood. single nuclei, slightly striated. cell shapes are branched, nerve supply modifies activity not necessary for function. Involuntary.
Term
muscle origin/insertion
Definition
Origin is the more stable end of the muscle attachment. Does not move much when muscle contracts. Insertion undergoes most movement.
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