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Anatomy final exam
3A
25
Anatomy
Kindergarten
11/24/2012

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Term
Simple diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane is faster for hydrophilic molecules than for hydrophobic molecules because of Fick’s Law.
a. true
b. false
Definition
Simple diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane is faster for hydrophilic molecules than for hydrophobic molecules because of Fick’s Law.
a. true
B. FALSE
Term
In the process of simple diffusion, the rate at which a molecule passes through a membrane depends on all of the following except:
a. the surface area of the membrane
b. the size of the molecule
c. the thickness of the membrane
d. the number of carrier proteins present in the membrane
e. the concentration gradient
Definition
In the process of simple diffusion, the rate at which a molecule passes through a membrane depends on all of the following except:
a. the surface area of the membrane
b. the size of the molecule
c. the thickness of the membrane
D. THE NUMBER OF CARRIER PROTEINS PRESENT IN THE MEMBRANE
e. the concentration gradient
Term
Which of the following statements concerning diffusion is true?
a. diffusion is physiologically useful for transport of molecules only over short distances.
b. Assuming a permeable membrane, the rate of net diffusion of a solute across that membrane would be decreased by increasing its concentration gradient across the membrane.
c. The size of a molecule has no bearing on its rate of diffusion
d. a and b
e. all of the above statements are true
Definition
Which of the following statements concerning diffusion is true?
A. DIFFUSION IS PHYSIOLOGICALLY USEFUL FOR TRANSPORT OF MOLECULES ONLY OVER SHORT DISTANCES
b. Assuming a permeable membrane, the rate of net diffusion of a solute across that membrane would be decreased by increasing its concentration gradient across the membrane.
c. The size of a molecule has no bearing on its rate of diffusion
d. a and b
e. all of the above statements are true
Term
Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. net diffusion
d. active transport
e. all of the above processes would be affected
Definition
Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. net diffusion
D. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
e. all of the above processes would be affected
Term
Facilitated diffusion:
a. requires energy
b. may not be regulated
c. is highly selective
d. b and c
e. all of the above
Definition
Facilitated diffusion:
a. requires energy
b. may not be regulated
C. IS HIGHLY SELECTIVE
d. b and c
e. all of the above
Term
Exocytosis that is dependent on an outside signal (a hormone or neurotransmitter) is called:
a. endocytosis
b. unregulated secretion
c. regulated secretion
d. constitutive secretion
e. c and d
Definition
Exocytosis that is dependent on an outside signal (a hormone or neurotransmitter) is called:
a. endocytosis
b. unregulated secretion
C. REGULATED SELECTION
d. constitutive secretion
e. c and d
Term
Endocytosis is the process by which the Golgi apparatus extends to the cell membrane and absorbs substances through the plasma membrane.
a. true
b. false
Definition
Endocytosis is the process by which the Golgi apparatus extends to the cell membrane and absorbs substances through the plasma membrane.
a. true
B. FALSE
Term
A cell could engulf and “eat” a bacterium by which process?
a. exocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. endocytosis
d. a and b
e. b and c
Definition
A cell could engulf and “eat” a bacterium by which process?
a. exocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. endocytosis
d. a and b
E. B AND C
Term
A red blood cell is importing CO2 to take it away from the tissues. How does it manage to ensure that further uptake is facilitated?
a. it pulls CO2 through the RBC and into the plasma, then it transcytoses (via transepithelial transport) into the interstitial fluid and it slowly diffuses up through the ISF to the lungs
b. it creates carbonic acid via the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, essentially changing the form of the CO2, ensuring that the intracellular concentration of CO2 stays low.
c. by using the K+/Na+ ATPase pump
d. via Fick’s Law
e. a and d
Definition
A red blood cell is importing CO2 to take it away from the tissues. How does it manage to ensure that further uptake is facilitated?
a. it pulls CO2 through the RBC and into the plasma, then it transcytoses (via transepithelial transport) into the interstitial fluid and it slowly diffuses up through the ISF to the lungs
B. IT CREATES CARBONIC ACID VIA THE ENZYME CARBONIC ANHYDRASE, ESSENTIALLY CHANGING THE FORM OF THE CO2, ENSURING THAT THE INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION OF CO2 STAYS LOW
c. by using the K+/Na+ ATPase pump
d. via Fick’s Law
e. a and d
Term
If hydrophilic molecules are aided through a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, then we call it facilitated diffusion.
a. true
b. false
Definition
If hydrophilic molecules are aided through a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, then we call it facilitated diffusion.
a. true
B. FALSE
Term
Transmembrane transporters are highly selective while transmembrane channels are not selective at all. This is the primary difference between the two.
a. true
b. false
Definition
Transmembrane transporters are highly selective while transmembrane channels are not selective at all. This is the primary difference between the two.
a. true
B. FALSE
Term
Gap junctions would be most likely to affect which type of gated channel?
a. ligand-gated
b. phosphorylation-gated
c. voltage-gated
d. mechanically-gated
e. none of the above
Definition
Gap junctions would be most likely to affect which type of gated channel?
a. ligand-gated
b. phosphorylation-gated
C. VOLTAGE-GATED
d. mechanically-gated
e. none of the above
Term
Sensory receptors in the epithelium would be most likely to use which type of gated channel?
a. ligand-gated
b. phosphorylation-gated
c. voltage-gated
d. mechanically-gated
e. none of the above
Definition
Sensory receptors in the epithelium would be most likely to use which type of gated channel?
a. ligand-gated
b. phosphorylation-gated
c. voltage-gated
D. MECHANICALLY-GATED
e. none of the above
Term
K- leakage channels allow K- to leak out of the cell down its concentration gradient. As K- leaves the cell, positive charges that are left behind build up along the inner membrane surface and negative charges build up along the outer membrane surface. This separation of charges across the membrane creates the cell membrane potential. All cells have a membrane potential.
a. true
b. false
Definition
K- leakage channels allow K- to leak out of the cell down its concentration gradient. As K- leaves the cell, positive charges that are left behind build up along the inner membrane surface and negative charges build up along the outer membrane surface. This separation of charges across the membrane creates the cell membrane potential. All cells have a membrane potential.
a. true
B. FALSE
Term
Ions diffuse according to:
a. their electrochemical gradient
b. the channels available to them
c. the availability of transport channels or proteins
d. a and b
e. all of the above
Definition
Ions diffuse according to:
a. their electrochemical gradient
b. the channels available to them
c. the availability of transport channels or proteins
d. a and b
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
For every ATP, 3 Na+ ions are transported out of the cell and 2 K+ ions are transported in via the sodium/potassium ATP pump…
a. true
b. false
Definition
For every ATP, 3 Na+ ions are transported out of the cell and 2 K+ ions are transported in via the sodium/potassium ATP pump…
A. TRUE
b. false
Term
A molecule of glucose may be directly brought into a cell against its concentration gradient with no energy immediately expended at that site.
a. true
b. false
Definition
A molecule of glucose may be directly brought into a cell against its concentration gradient with no energy immediately expended at that site.
A. TRUE
b. false
Term
Which of the following processes do not require energy?
a. vesicular transcytosis
b. endocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. vesicular trafficking
e. all of the above processes require energy
Definition
Which of the following processes do not require energy?
a. vesicular transcytosis
b. endocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. vesicular trafficking
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE REQUIRE ENERGY
Term
Regulated exocytosis requires or involves:
a. a ligand
b. the Golgi apparatus
c. Ca++
d. a and b
e. all of the above
Definition
Regulated exocytosis requires or involves:
a. a ligand
b. the Golgi apparatus
c. Ca++
d. a and b
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
A mass of similar cells and extracellular matrix forming a discrete region of an organ and performing a specific function is:
a. glandular epithelium
b. a tissue
c. connective tissue
d. lining or covering epithelium
e. a and d
Definition
A mass of similar cells and extracellular matrix forming a discrete region of an organ and performing a specific function is:
a. glandular epithelium
B. A TISSUE
c. connective tissue
d. lining or covering epithelium
e. a and d
Term
A pancreatic cell that releases insulin (a hormone) into the interstitial fluid where it is then absorbed into the bloodstream is said to be part of a(n) ___________ gland.
a. endocrine
b. exocrine
c. goblet
d. sensory
e. cytogenic
Definition
A pancreatic cell that releases insulin (a hormone) into the interstitial fluid where it is then absorbed into the bloodstream is said to be part of a(n) ___________ gland.
A. ENDOCRINE
b. exocrine
c. goblet
d. sensory
e. cytogenic
Term
The basal surface of a cell is covered with hemidesmosomes which attach the cell to the basement membrane.
a. true
b. false
Definition
The basal surface of a cell is covered with hemidesmosomes which attach the cell to the basement membrane.
A. TRUE
b. false
Term
The basic properties of epithelial tissues include:
a. highly vascular
b. no nerve endings
c. a high degree of cellularity (lots of cells relative to the amount of extracellular matrix)
d. a low rate of regeneration
e. all of the above
Definition
The basic properties of epithelial tissues include:
a. highly vascular
b. no nerve endings
C. A HIGH DEGREE OF CELLULARITY (LOTS OF CELLS RELATIVE TO THE AMOUNT OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX)
d. a low rate of regeneration
e. all of the above
Term
Which of the following are not cell-to-cell junctions?
a. tight junctions
b. adherens junctions
c. desmosomes
d. hemidesmosomes
e. all of the above are cell-to-cell junctions
Definition
Which of the following are not cell-to-cell junctions?
a. tight junctions
b. adherens junctions
c. desmosomes
D. HEMIDESMOSOMES
e. all of the above are cell-to-cell junctions
Term
A target cell for dexamethasone (a synthetic steroid hormone) must have a receptor found on the plasma membrane.
a. true
b. false
Definition
A target cell for dexamethasone (a synthetic steroid hormone) must have a receptor found on the plasma membrane.
a. true
B. FALSE
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