Term
. Anabolic reactions are exergonic.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
. Anabolic reactions are exergonic.
a. true
B. FALSE |
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Term
An ion with a negative charge is called a(n):
a. anion
b. cation |
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Definition
An ion with a negative charge is called a(n):
A. ANION
b. cation |
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Term
. Catabolism:
a. fuels osmotic work
b. fuels mechanical work
c. is endergonic
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Definition
. Catabolism:
a. fuels osmotic work
b. fuels mechanical work
c. is endergonic
D. A AND B
e. all of the above |
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Term
An adipocyte is a cell modified to store energy in the form of triglycerides.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
An adipocyte is a cell modified to store energy in the form of triglycerides.
A. TRUE
b. false |
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Term
Metabolism:
a. relies on adenosine triphospate as an energy source.
b. is an ongoing cycle of anabolism and catabolism.
c. includes all of the chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism.
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Definition
Metabolism:
a. relies on adenosine triphospate as an energy source.
b. is an ongoing cycle of anabolism and catabolism.
c. includes all of the chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism.
d. a and b
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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Term
A single phospholipid is composed of:
a. A hydrophobic head and 2 hydrophilic tails.
b. 2 polar heads and a hydrophilic tail.
c. 2 hydrophilic heads and a polar tail.
d. A hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails.
e. 2 leaflets of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails |
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Definition
A single phospholipid is composed of:
a. A hydrophobic head and 2 hydrophilic tails.
b. 2 polar heads and a hydrophilic tail.
c. 2 hydrophilic heads and a polar tail.
D. A HYDROPHILLIC HEAD AND 2 HYDROPHOBIC TAILS
e. 2 leaflets of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails |
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Term
Phospholipids form membranes by aligning themselves:
a. in a chaotic web-like fashion.
b. in a bilayer with their polar heads attached together (charged molecules attract) and tails extending outward.
c. in a bilayer with their polar heads facing outward and tails oriented inward.
d. in a double-stranded helix
e. c and d |
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Definition
Phospholipids form membranes by aligning themselves:
a. in a chaotic web-like fashion.
b. in a bilayer with their polar heads attached together (charged molecules attract) and tails extending outward.
C. IN A BILWAYER WITH THEIR POLAR HEADS FACING OUTWARD AND TAILS ORIENTED INWARD
d. in a double-stranded helix
e. c and d |
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Term
Phospholipids are:
a. polar
b. non-polar
c. amphipathic
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Definition
Phospholipids are:
a. polar
b. non-polar
c. amphipathic
d. a and b
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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Term
Each time a molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed and used for energy, that ATP molecule is completely disassembled into its constituent parts and those parts are added to the nutrient pool. When ATP is needed again, the molecule is reassembled from scratch. This is how most of the energy we take in as food is spent.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
Each time a molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed and used for energy, that ATP molecule is completely disassembled into its constituent parts and those parts are added to the nutrient pool. When ATP is needed again, the molecule is reassembled from scratch. This is how most of the energy we take in as food is spent.
a. true
B. FALSE |
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Term
Large amounts of ATP are stored in the liver and muscles and can be readily accessed to meet our energy requirements.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
Large amounts of ATP are stored in the liver and muscles and can be readily accessed to meet our energy requirements.
a. true
B. FALSE |
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Term
Even when a cell is not growing, its macromolecules are continually being broken down and renewed. This is called metabolic turnover.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
Even when a cell is not growing, its macromolecules are continually being broken down and renewed. This is called metabolic turnover.
A. TRUE
b. false |
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Term
Essential fatty acids are those
a. that do not bind to a glycerol backbone
b. synthesized by the human body
c. which come from the diet
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Definition
Essential fatty acids are those
a. that do not bind to a glycerol backbone
b. synthesized by the human body
C. WHICH COME FROM THE DIET
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Term
. Saturated fatty acids
a. contain single bonds between carbons
b. are straight chains of carbons with hydrogen molecules attached to them
c. are relatively inflexible
d. a and b
e. all of the above. |
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Definition
. Saturated fatty acids
a. contain single bonds between carbons
b. are straight chains of carbons with hydrogen molecules attached to them
c. are relatively inflexible
D. A AND B
e. all of the above. |
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Term
The native conformation of a protein:
a. contains a hydrophobic core region
b. is an unfolded long protein strand
c. is considered to be denatured
d. a and b
e. none of the above |
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Definition
The native conformation of a protein:
A. CONTAINS A HYDROPHOBIC CORE REGION
b. is an unfolded long protein strand
c. is considered to be denatured
d. a and b
e. none of the above |
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Term
A ligand:
a. is a protein receptor
b. is the native conformation of a protein
c. is the type of bond connecting amino acids
d. is a molecule that binds to a receptor
e. is the enzyme produced by the bonding of a molecule to its receptor |
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Definition
A ligand:
a. is a protein receptor
b. is the native conformation of a protein
c. is the type of bond connecting amino acids
D. IS A MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO A RECEPTOR
e. is the enzyme produced by the bonding of a molecule to its receptor |
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Term
. If a mutation occurs in a protein coding for a cell identity marker such that the cell is no longer able to produce that identifying marker, what could be a consequence?
a. that cell could become a ligand
b. an auto-immune reaction
c. autolysis via lysosomes
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Definition
. If a mutation occurs in a protein coding for a cell identity marker such that the cell is no longer able to produce that identifying marker, what could be a consequence?
a. that cell could become a ligand
B. AN AUTO-IMMUNE REACTION
c. autolysis via lysosomes
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
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Term
. Oxidation of glucose must be blocked for us to stay alive. There are enzymes which block this reaction for us and keep us alive.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
. Oxidation of glucose must be blocked for us to stay alive. There are enzymes which block this reaction for us and keep us alive.
a. true
B. FALSE |
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Term
A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected
a. is called a catalyst
b. is a cation
c. allows the production of some product in a 1:1 ratio.
d. disables its active site in order for the reaction to continue
e. must be found embedded in a plasma membrane |
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Definition
A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected
A. IS CALLED A CATALYST
b. is a cation
c. allows the production of some product in a 1:1 ratio.
d. disables its active site in order for the reaction to continue
e. must be found embedded in a plasma membrane |
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Term
Gene expression is an effective but slow for a cell to regulate enzyme activity.
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
Gene expression is an effective but slow for a cell to regulate enzyme activity.
A. TRUE
b. false |
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Term
An enzyme:
a. is neither consumed nor altered by the reaction it catalyzes.
b. is able to catalyze a reaction over and over again.
c. is able to produce a large amount of product even though the enzyme itself may only be present in small amounts.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above |
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Definition
An enzyme:
a. is neither consumed nor altered by the reaction it catalyzes.
b. is able to catalyze a reaction over and over again.
c. is able to produce a large amount of product even though the enzyme itself may only be present in small amounts.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
e. none of the above |
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Term
Cofactors or coenzymes:
a. are required to make any reaction proceed.
b. may be regulated by the cell in order to regulate the activity of the enzyme.
c. cause reactions to run backwards, always resulting in net catabolism.
d. a and b
e. none of the above. |
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Definition
Cofactors or coenzymes:
a. are required to make any reaction proceed.
B. MAY BE REGULATED BY THE CELL IN ORDER TO REGULATE THE ACTIVITY OF THE ENZYME
c. cause reactions to run backwards, always resulting in net catabolism.
d. a and b
e. none of the above. |
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Term
Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins and is active in the stomach. Why does it not digest the cells which produce it?
a. it does, which is how it gets released into the lumen of the stomach.
b. it’s produced inside a vesicle and carefully transported outside the cell.
c. because it’s produced in conjunction with a peroxisome which neutralizes it.
d. it requires phosphorylation by pepsin kinase to become activated.
e. it’s produced as an inactive proenzyme that needs to be activated before it can work. |
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Definition
Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins and is active in the stomach. Why does it not digest the cells which produce it?
a. it does, which is how it gets released into the lumen of the stomach.
b. it’s produced inside a vesicle and carefully transported outside the cell.
c. because it’s produced in conjunction with a peroxisome which neutralizes it.
d. it requires phosphorylation by pepsin kinase to become activated.
E. ITS PRODUCED AS AN INACTIVE PROENZYME THAT NEEDS TO BE ACTIVATED BEFORE IT CAN WORK |
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Term
A kinase:
a. breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
b. catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
c. is a general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic reaction
d. catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules
e. breaks down lipids by hydrolyzing ester bonds |
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Definition
A kinase:
a. breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
b. catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
c. is a general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic reaction
D. CATALYZES THE ADDITION OF PHOSPHATE GROUPS TO MOLECULES
e. breaks down lipids by hydrolyzing ester bonds |
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Term
. A lipase:
a. breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
b. catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
c. is a general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic reaction
d. catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules
e. breaks down lipids by hydrolyzing ester bonds |
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Definition
. A lipase:
a. breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
b. catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
c. is a general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic reaction
d. catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules
E. BREAKS DOWN LIPIDS BY HYDROLYZING ESTER BONDS |
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Term
. Somatic cells include:
a. spermatozoa
b. ova
c. hepatocytes
d. all of the above |
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Definition
. Somatic cells include:
a. spermatozoa
b. ova
C. HEPTAOCYTES
d. all of the above |
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Term
. Cell membrane = plasma membrane = phospholipid bilayer
a. true
b. false |
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Definition
. Cell membrane = plasma membrane = phospholipid bilayer
A. TRUE
b. false |
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