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Anatomy FInal
LA Anatomy
125
Anatomy
Professional
04/01/2011

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Term
O, I, A, N: levator labii superioris
Definition
O: zygomatic, lacrimal, and maxillary bones
I: Upper lip
A: raise upper lip
N: Facial N.
Term
O, I, A, N: buccinator
Definition
O: maxilla and mandible
I: commissure of mouth
A: retract commissure, flatten cheeks
N: facial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: masseter
Definition
O: facial crest and zygomatic arch
I: ramus of mandible
: close mouth
N: mandibular div of V
Term
O, I, A, N: occipitomandibularis
Definition
O: jugular process of occipital bone
I: caudal border of mandible
A: open mouth
N: facial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: cricoarytenodeus dorsalis
Definition
O: lamina of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
A: open glottis
N: recurrent laryngeal n.
Term
O, I, A, N: cricoarytenoideus lateralis
Definition
O: arch of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
A: close glottis
N: recurrent laryngeal n.
Term
O, I, A, N: supraspinatus
Definition
O: spine of scapula
I: gr and lesser tubercles of humerus
A: extend, stabilize shoulder
N: suprascapular n.
Term
O, I, A, N: infraspinatus
Definition
O: infraspinous fossa
I: gr tubercle of humerus
A: abduct arm, lat coll lig
N: suprascapular n.
Term
O, I, A, N: deltoideus
Definition
O: spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: flex shoulder and abduct arm
N: axillary n.
Term
O, I, A, N: subscapularis
Definition
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: adduct humerus, stabilize shoulder
N: subscapular and axillary nn.
Term
O, I, A, N: biceps brachii
Definition
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial tuberosity, tendon of ext carpi radialis
A: flex elbow, extend shoulder and carpus
N: musculocutaneous n.
Term
O, I, A, N: triceps brachii long/lat/med
Definition
O: caud/lat/med surface of humerus
I: olecranon
A: extend elbow and flex shoulder/ext elbow x2
N: radial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: extensor carpi radialis
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal tuberosity MC3
A: extend carpus, flex elbow
N: radial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: ulnaris lateralis
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: accessory carpal bone, C4 and MC4
A: flex carpus, extend elbow
N: radial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: common digital extensor
Definition
O: lat epicondyle humerus, lateral radius/ulna
I: extensor process of P3
A: extend digit and carpus and flex elbow
N: radial n.
Term
O, I, A, N: flexor carpi radialis
Definition
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: M2
A: flex carpus, extend elbow
N: median n.
Term
O, I, A, N: superficial digital flexor
Definition
O: medial epicondyle humerus, caudal radius
I: proximal P2 and distal P1
A: flex digit and carpus, extend elbow
N: ulnar n.
Term
O, I, A, N: deep digital flexor
Definition
O: medial epicondyle humerus, olecranon, caudal radius
I: flexor surface of P3
A: flex digit and carpus, extend elbow
N: median and ulnar nn.
Term
O, I, A, N: interosseus
Definition
O: palmar P3, distal carpals
I: abaxial prox sesamoids, tendon of common digital extensor
A: support fetlock
N: palmar metacarpal n.
Term
CNIII: efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical
Definition
oculomotor
efferent
orbital fissure
pregang para-ciliary gang-postgang-pupillary constrictor and ciliary body
all eye mm except dorsal oblique, lat rectus, retractor bulbi
pupilary dilation, lateroventral strabismus
Term
CNV: (opthalmic) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical
Definition
V1
somatic afferent
orbital fissure
skin of face via lacrimal, frontal, infratrochlear (med canthus)
corneal reflex, check depth anesthesia
Term
CNV: (maxillary) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical
Definition
V2
somatic afferent
round foramen
skin of face:
infraorbital: upper lip, nostril
zygomatic: lower eyelid, lat canthus, horn via
cornual
nasal cavity: caudal and internal nasal n.
chewing: superior alveolar, palatine (hard palate)
clinical: analgesia to muzzle (infraorbital), lat canthus, teeth, palpebral reflex
Term
CNV: (mandibular) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical
Definition
V3
to skeletal m
oval notch of foramen lacerum
chewing afferents:
lingual: rostral 2/3 tongue
inferior alveolar n: lower teeth via mental
buccal n: cheek mucosa
chewing efferent
m that close jaws, rostral bell digastricus,
mylohyoideus
skin of face: mental: lower jaw, auriculotemporal
clinical: atrophy masseter and temporalis (jawdrop if bilateral, cant eat)
Term
CNVII:efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical
Definition
mixed
stylomastoid foramen
motor to facial mm
dorsal/ventral buccal
auriculopalpebral: ear m. and orbicularis oculi
caudal auricular
salivary reflexes
chorda tympani n: taste to rostral 2/3
mandibular and sublingual salivary gl
parasymp to lacrimal gl
internal auricular n
motor to open jaw: caudal belly digastricus, occipitomandibularis
clinical: yellow star thistle (open jaw mm), lip drop, ear drop, muzzle deviated, cant flare nostril, ptosis upper eyelid
Term
CNIX: efferent/afferent, structures, clinical
Definition
glossopharyngeal
mixed afferent
pharyngeal br to pharynx: swallow and gag
cranial largyngeal n: sensory to larynx (cough/choke)
sesory to esophagus/upper GI (vomition, regurg, rumination)
sensory to receptors in heart and aorta
efferent to pharyngeal mm (recurrent laryngeal, hemiplasia)
clinical: roaring, dysphagia
Term
pinioning
Definition
cut tendon of extensor carpi radialis
Term
spurs are from
Definition
tarsometatarsus
Term
how birds stand on one leg
Definition
femur has trochanter
ilium has antitrohanter
Term
sciatic foramen in bird location
Definition
ischium
Term
avian vertebral formula
Definition
C14 T7 LS14 Cd6
Term
notarium
Definition
fused T2-T5
Term
only vert moveable in bird thorax
Definition
T1, T6
Term
what do clavicles do?
Definition
hold wings away
Term
digit in front of wing
Definition
alular digit (2)
Term
synsacrum
Definition
fused T7, LS1-14, Cd1, fused to pelvis
Term
pygostyle
Definition
enlarged terminal vert
Term
avian ribs
Definition
7 vertebral, 5 sternal
Term
process on avian ribs
Definition
ucinate process
Term
pectoral girdle, what does it surround?
Definition
coracoid, scapula, clavicle surround foramen triosseum (where tendon of deep pecs pass)
Term
furcula
Definition
wishbone
Term
carpal bones of wing
Definition
only radial and ulnar
Term
bird antebrachium, what bone is bigger?
Definition
ulna bigger
Term
perching digits
Definition
2/3 forward, 1/4 back
Term
things necessary for flight
Definition
triceps, ext carpi radialis, radial n
Term
equine pulse taken from
Definition
facial a
Term
repulsion of upper and lower cheek teeth risks
Definition
transverse facial a/v, deep facial v, buccal v
Term
vessel that runs through parotid salivary gl
Definition
maxillary v
Term
muscle tetanized by yellow star thistle
Definition
occipitomandibularis
Term
nerves lat and med to ext carotid
Definition
lat: hypoglossal
med: glossopharyngeal
Term
what is strangles?
Definition
strep infection of med and at retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Term
opening bw frontal sinus and caudal maxillary sinus
Definition
frontomaxillary opening
Term
how do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses communicate?
Definition
not directly, via nasomaxillary apertaure
Term
components of glottis
Definition
vocal folds, vocal processes of arytenoid
Term
where is the laryngeal saccule?
Definition
bw ventricularis and vocalis
Term
cricothyroid innervation
Definition
cranial laryngeal (only one)
Term
epiglottic entrapment
Definition
aryepiglottic fold envelopes epiglottis
Term
flow of lacrimal secretions
Definition
lacrimal gl-lacrimal puncta-lacrimal sac-nasolacrimal duct
Term
horse dental formula
Definition
deciduous: 3i, 3p, 24 tot
perm: 3i, 1k, 3p, 3m, 40 tot
wolf (extra premolar)
Term
horse tooth cup is, forms from?
Definition
invagination of enamel, forms infindibulum which fills with cement and stains black
Term
what is the dental star?
Definition
outer pulp cavity
Term
area of the digit
Definition
fetlock to hoof
Term
components of brachial plexus
Definition
ventral primary br of C6-T2
Term
what is sweeny?
Definition
dmg to suprascapular n, atrophy of supra and infraspinatus
Term
nerve following deep brachial a
Definition
radial n
Term
collateral ulnar a runs with
Definition
ulnar n distal to elbow
Term
axillary n supplies muscles that
Definition
flex shoulder
Term
lateral recumbency pinches off
Definition
radial n
Term
radial n supplies
Definition
carpus, digit
Term
clinical sign of radial n damage
Definition
knuckled over foot, toe dragging
Term
anastomoses in front limb
Definition
lat palmar n and palmar br of ulnar n
Term
radial artery doesnt
Definition
run though flexor retinaculum
Term
lig of ergot attaches ergot to
Definition
cartilage of hoof
Term
the comm br in the forelimb is bw
Definition
medial and lat palmar n
Term
major blood supply to hindlimb and forelimb
Definition
hind: dorsal metatarsal a
fore: medial palmar a
Term
lateral collateral lig of forelimb
cranial support
medial coll lig
Definition
tendon of infraspinatus
biceps
tendon of subscapularis
Term
intertubercular bursa comm with shoulder?
Definition
no
Term
why is elbow flexion more diff than ext
Definition
coll ligs placed caudal to axis of rotation
Term
highest carpal bone
Definition
intermediate
Term
palmar carpal lig gives rise to
Definition
acc lig of deep dig flexor
Term
prox check lig att to
Definition
radius
Term
hoof dermis =
Definition
corium
Term
cushion=
Definition
subcutis
Term
4 regions of hoof dermis
Definition
coronary dermis
laminar dermis
dermis of frog
dermis of sole
Term
interosseus inserts on
Definition
common digital ext
Term
straight sesmoidean lig inserts on
Definition
complementary fibrocartilage of P2
Term
oblique sesmoidean lig inserts on
Definition
palmar surface of P1
Term
navicular bone suspended by
Definition
collateral navicular lig and distal navicular lig
Term
P1=
P2=
P3=
Foot=
Definition
P1=long pastern
P2=short pastern
P3=coffin
Foot=carpus and hoof
Term
nerves that need anesthesia for optho exam
Definition
frontal/supraorbital - upper eyelid sens
palpebral br of auriculopalpebral - orb oculi,levator anguli oculi medialis
lacrimal
infratrochlear
zygomaticofacial
Term
optho exam nerve block
Definition
supraorbital forament blocks
frontal (sense upper eyelid)
auriculopalpebral (orb oculi, levator)
Term
nerve block laceration repair upper lip
Definition
infraorbital n
infrrorbital foramen deep to levator labii m. and cranial to rostral facial crest
Term
block maxillary n, for what
Definition
in pterygopalatine fossa at entry to infraorbital canal
2.5cm ventral to lateral canthus of eye, directed medially and rostrodorsally 6.5-7.5cm deep
upper dentition for dental procedures
Term
mandibuloalveolar/inferior alveolar n block, for what
Definition
sens to lower jaw, for dental
mandibular foramen on media surface of mandible
Term
mental nerve block
Definition
mental foramen bw canine and 1st large cheek teeth
sensation to lower lip and chin
Term
palpebral br of auriculopalpebral block
Definition
orbicularis oculi, leavator anguli oculi medialis
base of ear at ventral temporal portion of zygomatic arch
Term
tarsorrhapy requires blocks of
Definition
zygomaticofacial and frontal
Term
nerve to cornea/conjunctiva
Definition
nasociliary br of optho of V
Term
blocks for dehorning, arteries
Definition
cornual n: temporal region and horn
term br of zygomaticotemporal
inj ventral to temporal line bw eye and horn
infratrochlear: subq at medial canthus of eye (common in goat)
dorsal and ventral br of cornual aa on lateral side, branches of superior temporal a.
Term
cause of sinus infection after dehorning
Definition
cornual diverticulum of caudal frontal sinus (6mo)
Term
trephination of frontal sinus (bovine), what vessels to watch out for
Definition
caudal treph caudal to line from middle of orbit to base of opp horn
rostral bw 2 lines perp to long axis of head, through middle of orbit, through supraorbital foramen
frontal v enters supraorbital foramen
Term
trephination bovine maxillary sinus, limits of sinus
Definition
dorsal limit: line from medial cantus to infraorbital foramen
vetral limit: facial tuberosity to lacrimal bulla
dorsocaudal to facial tuberosity
Term
rostral maxillary sinus comm with
Definition
ventral conchal sinus
Term
caudal maxillary sinus comm with
Definition
middle nasal meatus
Term
treph of rostral maxillary sinus, limits, avoid
Definition
rostral limit: line from rostral facial crest
treph caudal to rostral facial crest ventral to line from med canthus to nostril and dorsal to facial crest
avoid nasolacrimal duct dorsally
dorsal buccal n ventrally
transverse facial vessels and deep facial n ventral
Term
treph of caud maxillary sinus, what its for, avoid
Definition
dorsal to facial crest and rostroventral to medial canthus of eye
for repelling teeth in young horses
avoid nasolacrimal duct dorsally, dorsal buccal n ventrally
Term
locatio of 3rd/4th cheek teeth, 5th/6th
Definition
3/4 rostral max sinus
5/6 caud max sinus
Term
frontal sinus comm with, treph, access to
Definition
comm with dorsal conchal sinus, caud max sinus
treph bw med canthus and dorsal midline
access root of 6th upper cheek tooth through frontomaxillary aperature
Term
sphenopalatine sinus near to
Definition
optic canals, major palatine canal so must limit inflammation
inaccessible, infection rare, limit by draining caud max sinus
Term
guttaral pouch sx reasons
Definition
resp infection
chondroid bodies
epistaxis due to perforated internal carotid or maxillary v
Term
viborgs triangle borders
Definition
tendon of sternoceph dorsally
linguofacial ventrally
mandible cranially
Term
ventriculoectomy
Definition
excise largyngeal saccule
midline incision on ventral neck, cricothyroid membrane
Term
laryngeal prosthesis
Definition
ventral and parallel to jugular v from rostral larynx to tracheal ring 2
retract omohyoid
elastic structure sutured to cricoid and muscular process
Term
antebrachial m that doesnt have a synovial sheat
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris bc inserts on acessory carpal bone
Term
rostral caudal order of vessels in limb
Definition
VAN
Term
palmar digital nerve block, whats desens, to ID
Definition
bilateral inj bw fetlock and coronet, dorsal to flexor tendons, distal to lig of ergot
desens: palmar hoof, digital cushion, palmar coffin and pastern joints, distal DDF tendon, navicular bursa
used to ID caudal heel syndrome
Term
palmar digital and dorsal branch nerve block: where, whats desens
Definition
extensor slip of suspensory lig to block dorsal br
desens hoof, coffin jt, palmar pastern jt
Term
abaxial block for digital and dorsal br
Definition
more proximmaly at sesamoids
desens entire pastern jt, palmar pouch fetlock jt
Term
distal metacarpal/low volar block
Definition
in groove bw suspensory lig and flexor tendons at level of buttons (medial and lateral palmar n for fetlock jt)
immediately distal to buttons for palmar metacarpal n
Term
ring block
Definition
at buttons block dorsal br of ulnar and med cut antebrachial
desens everything below buttons
Term
proximal metacarpal/high volar
Definition
palmar n: in bw flexor tendons and sus lig slightly distal to carpus
palmar metacarpal: axial to splint bones at same lvl
dorsal br ulnar and med cut antebrachial: ring block
desens everything distal to carpus
limited diag value
Term
synovial inj of thoracic limb
Definition
coffin: 1cm prox to coronet at lat border of common ext tendon
fetlock: prox palmar pouch bw sus lig and m3 slightly prox to sesmoid bones
carpal: distal dimple med or lat to tendon of ext carpi radialis for midcarpal sac
navicular bursa: digital fossa at palmar midlineparallel to sole (pases thru DDF tendon)
Term
synovial inj of hock, watch for, clin corr, what happens if done on other side
Definition
sac bw tibia and tallus
bog spavin: fluid distention
inj med to tendon of tibialis cranialis and peroneus tertius at lvl of med malleolus
cran br of medial saphenous v here
cunean tendon resected to relieve pressure in bog spavin
hit dranial tibial a if try from lateral side
Term
proximal intertarsal jt sac inj, loc, comm with
Definition
bw tallus and calcaneus proximally and central and t4 distally, comm with tibiotarsal sac
Term
distal intertarsal joint sac, hit what on other side
Definition
bw tc and t3 distally, t1/2 caudally
inj at jxn of tc,t3,t1/2 on med aspect hock dorsal to sunean tendon
hit perforating tarsal on lat side
Term
tarsometatarsal joint inj
Definition
lateroplantar aspect of hock bw t4 and m4 in a depression slightly prox to the head of m4
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