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Anatomy Final
Popliteal Region & Knee Joint
23
Anatomy
Professional
12/06/2008

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Cards

Term
What are the boundries of the popliteal fossa?
Definition
Superolaterally: biceps femoris
Superomedially: semimembranosus
Inferolaterally: gastrocnemius (lateral head)
Posteriorly: skin/fascia (roof)
Anteriorly: femur, oblique posterior capsule, popliteal fascia, popliteus muscle, posterior capsule
Term
Patient complains of having difficult extending or flexing the leg and seems to have a moveable mass behind the knee. What might this be? Another patient has edema and pain in the fossa, what might this be?
Definition
1.) A baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) is a synovial-lined cyst that may result from knee joint effusion (escape of blood or lymph).
2.) popliteal aneurysm
Term
Which popliteal fascia stretches when leg is extended? Which popliteal fascia contains the small saphenous vein? How does popliteal fascia act in concert with the growth of a tumer in that region?
Definition
1.) deep fascia
2.) superficial fascia
3.) tumor spreads inferiorly or superiorly rather than laterally
Term
What three arteries participate in an anastamosis with the genicular arteries?
Definition
1.) descending genicular (superomedially)
2.) descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex (superolaterally)
3.) anterior recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery (inferolaterallY)
Term
When your patient walks into your office, you notice immediately his high step gait and his foot comes down suddenly producing a distinctive clap. He cannot dorsiflex nor evert the foot. Wht nerve of his is injured, and what is this called clinically?
Definition
His common fibular nerve is injured and it is called fibular nerve palsy.
Term
The knee joint is stablized by strong extrinsic ligmanets. List three of these.
Definition
alar fold, infrapatellar fold, & infrapatellar synovial fold
Term
List the extracapsular ligaments of the knee
Definition
(OP-FAT)
oblique popliteal ligament, patellar ligament, fibular collateral ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament, and tibial collateral ligament
Term
Which ligament is an extension of the semimembranosus tendon? Which extracapsular ligaments strength posteriorly? Which tendon is attached to a miniscus? What two anatomical structures are separated by the popliteus tendon?
Definition
1.) oblique popliteal ligament
2.) oblique popliteal and acruate popliteal strengthen capsule posteriorly
3.) tibial collateral ligament
4.) popliteus tendon separates the fibular collateral ligament from the lateral miniscus
Term
What pathology has painful swelling of the tibial tuberosity, possibly resulting from an avulsion?
Definition
Osgood-Schlatter's
Term
Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the femur? Which ligament is taut when knee is extended and which when knee is flexed?
Definition
1.) posterior cruciate ligament
2.) extended- ACL is taut; flexed- PCL is taut
Term
When the leg is locked, the femur is slightly rotated medially on the tibial plateau. Which muscle hels to rotate the femur laterally about 5 degrees to help induce flexion?
Definition
popliteus muscle
Term
Which ligaments monitor medial rotation of the knee? Which for lateral rotation?
Definition
1.) cruciate ligmants
2.) collateral ligaments
Term
Which test would be positive if the femur moved posterior to the tibia?
Definition
The ACL prevents the femur from moving posteriorly over the tibia. If the ACL is ruptured, this will allow a physician to pull foward on the tibia...resulting in a positive anterior drawer sign.
Term
What might result from a fracture or certain diseases of the bone, including rhematoid arthritis? What clinical pathology of the knee occurs sometimes in young girls.
Definition
1.) genu valgus or varus deformities
2.) genu recurvatum (considerable amount of hyperextension)
Term
What three tendons form pes anserinus in the knee?
Definition
gracilus, semitendonosus, & sartorius
Term
Which meniscus is more commonly damaged and why? Which knee ligament is injured most by genu valgus?
Definition
1.) medial meniscus is more fixed and less able to adapt to rotational strain due to its C-shape, so it is more commonly damaged.
2.) tibial collateral ligament
Term
An unhappy triad damages which three things?
Definition
ACL, medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligament
Term
Rotating the foot laterally while patient is suppine and with knee fully flexed, tests what? Which test has patient lie prone, flexes the knee to 90 degrees, rotates the foot laterally, and then induces more flexion?
Definition
1.) posterior part of medial meniscus
2.) Apply Grinding Test (tests for tear in tibial collateral ligament & when pressure is applied to plantar surface, tests for tear in medial meniscus)
Term
Childress Duck-waddle is a test for what?
Definition
Tests for rupture of posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
Term
Which bursae of the knee communicate directly with the synovial joint?
Definition
suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine, and gastrocnemius
Term
Which bursae is affected by fruction of bursae between skin and anterior surface of patella & what is another name for this? Which burse is due to fruction between the skin and tibial tuberosity & what is another name for this?
Definition
1.) prepatellar bursitis (housemaid's knee)
2.) infrapatellar bursitis (clergyman's knee)
Term
What are the bony landmarks for aspiration of the knee joint?
Definition
tip of lateral tibial condyle, lateral epicondyle of the femur, and the apex of the patella
Term
A lateral radiograph of a patient shows a sesamoid bone in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. What is this called?
Definition
Fabella
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