Term
| What are the boundries of the popliteal fossa? |
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Definition
Superolaterally: biceps femoris
Superomedially: semimembranosus
Inferolaterally: gastrocnemius (lateral head)
Posteriorly: skin/fascia (roof)
Anteriorly: femur, oblique posterior capsule, popliteal fascia, popliteus muscle, posterior capsule |
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Term
| Patient complains of having difficult extending or flexing the leg and seems to have a moveable mass behind the knee. What might this be? Another patient has edema and pain in the fossa, what might this be? |
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Definition
1.) A baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) is a synovial-lined cyst that may result from knee joint effusion (escape of blood or lymph).
2.) popliteal aneurysm |
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Term
| Which popliteal fascia stretches when leg is extended? Which popliteal fascia contains the small saphenous vein? How does popliteal fascia act in concert with the growth of a tumer in that region? |
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Definition
1.) deep fascia
2.) superficial fascia
3.) tumor spreads inferiorly or superiorly rather than laterally |
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Term
| What three arteries participate in an anastamosis with the genicular arteries? |
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Definition
1.) descending genicular (superomedially)
2.) descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex (superolaterally)
3.) anterior recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery (inferolaterallY) |
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Term
| When your patient walks into your office, you notice immediately his high step gait and his foot comes down suddenly producing a distinctive clap. He cannot dorsiflex nor evert the foot. Wht nerve of his is injured, and what is this called clinically? |
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Definition
| His common fibular nerve is injured and it is called fibular nerve palsy. |
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Term
| The knee joint is stablized by strong extrinsic ligmanets. List three of these. |
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Definition
| alar fold, infrapatellar fold, & infrapatellar synovial fold |
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Term
| List the extracapsular ligaments of the knee |
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Definition
(OP-FAT)
oblique popliteal ligament, patellar ligament, fibular collateral ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament, and tibial collateral ligament |
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Term
| Which ligament is an extension of the semimembranosus tendon? Which extracapsular ligaments strength posteriorly? Which tendon is attached to a miniscus? What two anatomical structures are separated by the popliteus tendon? |
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Definition
1.) oblique popliteal ligament
2.) oblique popliteal and acruate popliteal strengthen capsule posteriorly
3.) tibial collateral ligament
4.) popliteus tendon separates the fibular collateral ligament from the lateral miniscus |
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Term
| What pathology has painful swelling of the tibial tuberosity, possibly resulting from an avulsion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the femur? Which ligament is taut when knee is extended and which when knee is flexed? |
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Definition
1.) posterior cruciate ligament
2.) extended- ACL is taut; flexed- PCL is taut |
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Term
| When the leg is locked, the femur is slightly rotated medially on the tibial plateau. Which muscle hels to rotate the femur laterally about 5 degrees to help induce flexion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ligaments monitor medial rotation of the knee? Which for lateral rotation? |
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Definition
1.) cruciate ligmants
2.) collateral ligaments |
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Term
| Which test would be positive if the femur moved posterior to the tibia? |
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Definition
| The ACL prevents the femur from moving posteriorly over the tibia. If the ACL is ruptured, this will allow a physician to pull foward on the tibia...resulting in a positive anterior drawer sign. |
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Term
| What might result from a fracture or certain diseases of the bone, including rhematoid arthritis? What clinical pathology of the knee occurs sometimes in young girls. |
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Definition
1.) genu valgus or varus deformities
2.) genu recurvatum (considerable amount of hyperextension) |
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Term
| What three tendons form pes anserinus in the knee? |
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Definition
| gracilus, semitendonosus, & sartorius |
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Term
| Which meniscus is more commonly damaged and why? Which knee ligament is injured most by genu valgus? |
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Definition
1.) medial meniscus is more fixed and less able to adapt to rotational strain due to its C-shape, so it is more commonly damaged.
2.) tibial collateral ligament |
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Term
| An unhappy triad damages which three things? |
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Definition
| ACL, medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligament |
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Term
| Rotating the foot laterally while patient is suppine and with knee fully flexed, tests what? Which test has patient lie prone, flexes the knee to 90 degrees, rotates the foot laterally, and then induces more flexion? |
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Definition
1.) posterior part of medial meniscus
2.) Apply Grinding Test (tests for tear in tibial collateral ligament & when pressure is applied to plantar surface, tests for tear in medial meniscus) |
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Term
| Childress Duck-waddle is a test for what? |
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Definition
| Tests for rupture of posterior horn of the lateral meniscus |
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Term
| Which bursae of the knee communicate directly with the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine, and gastrocnemius |
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Term
| Which bursae is affected by fruction of bursae between skin and anterior surface of patella & what is another name for this? Which burse is due to fruction between the skin and tibial tuberosity & what is another name for this? |
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Definition
1.) prepatellar bursitis (housemaid's knee)
2.) infrapatellar bursitis (clergyman's knee) |
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Term
| What are the bony landmarks for aspiration of the knee joint? |
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Definition
| tip of lateral tibial condyle, lateral epicondyle of the femur, and the apex of the patella |
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Term
| A lateral radiograph of a patient shows a sesamoid bone in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. What is this called? |
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Definition
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