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Anatomy Final
Human Anatomy Cumulative Final
212
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/11/2013

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Term
How many Cervical vertebrae
Definition
7
Term
How many Thoracic vertebrae
Definition
12
Term
How many Lumbar vertebrae
Definition
5
Term
How many Sacral Vertebrae
Definition
5
Term
How many Coccygeal vertebrae
Definition
3-5
Term
tail left over form embryo
Definition
Coccyx
Term
primary vertebral curve
Definition
thoracic and sacral
Term
secondary vertebral curve
Definition
cervical and lumbar
Term
Intervertebral disc is made up of
Definition
Annulus fibrosis and Nucleus pulposus
Term
“slipped disk”
Definition
nucleus moving through annulus fibrosis and bulging out
Term
“herniated disk”
Definition
when nucleus ruptures through fibrosis
Term
true ribs
Definition
ribs 1-7
Term
false ribs
Definition
ribs 8-10
Term
floating ribs
Definition
ribs 11 & 12
Term
parts of the sternum
Definition
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
Term
Bones that form os coxae
Definition
Ilium
Ishium
Pubis
Term
Ligaments of the os coxae
Definition
Sacroiliac
Sacrotubercle
Sacrospinous
Inguinal
Term
Splenius Origin
Definition
inferior half of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T6 vertebrae
Term
Splenius Insertion
Definition
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae, mastoid process and posterior skull
Term
Splenius Action
Definition
bilateral: extend head and neck; front to back
Unilateral: laterally flex head and neck; side to side
Term
Splenius Innervation
Definition
cervical and thoracic dorsal rami
Term
Erector Spinae muscles
Definition
Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Term
layer terminates slightly inferior to the navel
Definition
posterior rectus sheath
Term
deepest layer of the anterior abdominal wall
Definition
parietal peritoneum
Term
insertion point for rectus abdominus
Definition
linea alba
Term
what is the primary component of white matter?
Definition
axons
Term
How many spinal nerves
Definition
31 pairs
Term
How many cervical spinal nerves
Definition
8
Term
How many thoracic spinal nerves
Definition
12
Term
How many lumbar spinal nerves
Definition
5
Term
How many sacral spinal nerves
Definition
5
Term
How many coccygeal spinal nerves
Definition
1
Term
communicates with dorsal horn
Definition
dorsal root
Term
where dorsal root and ventral root come together
Definition
spinal nerve
Term
spinal nerve is located at about
Definition
the intervertebral foramen
Term
structures of spinal nerves
Definition
dorsal root
ventral root
spinal nerve
dorsal root ganglion
ventral ramus
dorsal ramus
Term
types of meninges
Definition
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
Term
outer “tough mother”
Definition
dura mater
Term
cerran wrap; “spider-like web”
Definition
arachnoid mater
Term
physically attached to organ; delicate layer
Definition
pia mater
Term
cavities are surrounded by a ________ membrane
Definition
serous
Term
secretes a watery substance to reduce friction
Definition
serosa
Term
serosa adhered to the heart
Definition
visceral serosa
Term
pericardial sac is made of
Definition
several layers of tissue
Term
Brachiocephalic trunk branches
Definition
Right subclavian artery &
Right common carotid artery
Term
Right subclavian artery supplies
Definition
right anterior thoracic body wall; right superior limb
Term
Right common carotid artery supplies
Definition
right side of neck and head
Term
Left common carotid artery supplies
Definition
left side of neck and head
Term
Left subclavian artery supplies
Definition
left anterior thoracic body wall; left superior limb
Term
Descending aorta supplies
Definition
posterior thoracic body wall; abdomen, pelvis, perineum and inferior limbs
Term
3 major structures that pierce the diaphragm and their vertebral levels
Definition
Inferior vena cava- T8
Esophagus- T10
Descending aorta- T12
Term
3 layers of the heart wall
Definition
Pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Term
Pericardium
Definition
membrane lining this pericardial cavity
Term
Parietal pericardium
Definition
lines the internal surface of a tough fibrous bag that contains the heart
Term
Visceral pericardium
Definition
forms the outer most covering of the heart
Term
Receives blood from the body via superior vena cava and inferior vena cave
Definition
Right atrium
Term
Receives blood from the heart wall via coronary sinus
Definition
Right atrium
Term
Send blood to the right ventricle
Definition
Right atrium
Term
receives blood from the right atrium
Definition
Right ventricle
Term
Sends blood to the lungs via pulmonary trunk
Definition
Right ventricle
Term
receives blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
Definition
Left atrium
Term
Sends blood to the left ventricle
Definition
Left atrium
Term
receives blood from the left atrium
Definition
Left ventricle
Term
Sends blood to the body via the aorta
Definition
Left ventricle
Term
Sends blood to the heart wall via the coronary arteries
Definition
Left ventricle
Term
prevents acid reflex
Definition
Cardiac sphincter in the stomach
Term
Rugae
Definition
fold of the stomach
Term
longest region of the small intestine with largest diameter
Definition
Jejunum
Term
part of the small intestine that goes into the large intestine; smooth on inside without folds
Definition
Ileum
Term
located between the small and large intestines; prevents movement of bacteria from large intestine to small intestine
Definition
Ileocecal sphincter
Term
two parts of the small intestine
Definition
Duodenum &
Jejunum
Term
begins as an outgrowth of the duodenum
Definition
liver
Term
Largest gland in the body and one of the busiest.
Definition
liver
Term
Digestive function is the production of bile
Definition
liver
Term
Stores bile
Definition
Gall Bladder
Term
smooth muscular sac found in the inferior surface of the liver
Definition
Gall Bladder
Term
provides most of the enzymes that digest food stuff in the small intestine
Definition
Pancreas
Term
produces hormones that regulate sugar levels in the blood
Definition
Pancreas
Term
create enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct
Definition
Pancreas
Term
NOT a derivative of the gut
Definition
Spleen
Term
Irregularly shaped organ found between the stomach and the diaphragm
Definition
Spleen
Term
Shares a common blood supply and innervation with the stomach
Definition
Spleen
Term
Located in the posterior body wall lying on the quadratus lumborum muscle
Definition
kidneys
Term
Blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidneys at their concave medial urface called the _____
Definition
hilus
Term
cleanse the body by disposing of toxins and waste
Definition
kidneys
Term
adjust the blood by regulating the balance between water and salt and between acids and bases
Definition
kidneys
Term
The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct unit and drain into the duodenum.
Definition
Adrenal Glands
Term
part of the peritoneum that lines the inner surface of the body wall
Definition
Parietal peritoneum
Term
peritoneum covering the surface of the abdominal viscera
Definition
Visceral peritoneum
Term
runs form the posterior body wall to the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine
Definition
Mesenatry proper
Term
suspends the transverse colon from the posterior body wall
Definition
Transverse mesocolon
Term
hangs like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach over the anterior surface of the intestines, then loops superiorly to attach to the posterior body wall.
Definition
Greater omentum
Term
runs from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Definition
Lesser omentum
Term
runs from the ventral body wall to the ventral surface of the liver
Definition
Falciform ligament
Term
intraperitoneal
Definition
organs with mesenteries remain suspended and mobile within the peritoneal cavity
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
organs that are not suspended and mobile within the peritoneal cavity
Term
Boundaries of the perineum
Definition
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
Term
Muscles that form urogenital diaphragm
Definition
Transverse perineus m. – triangular sheet of muscle
External urethral sphincter m. – surrounds urethra
Term
Anal sphincters
Definition
external anal sphincter
internal anal sphincter
Term
external anal sphincter innervation
Definition
Pudendal nerve
Term
internal anal sphincter innervation
Definition
autonomic visceral motor
Term
most inferior end of the large intestine where feces accumulate until defecation
Definition
Rectum
Term
the last segment of the gut tube
Definition
anus
Term
Begins at the point where the rectum passes through the lavator ani muscle
Definition
anus
Term
thickening of smooth muscle in the wall of the anus
Definition
internal anal sphincter
Term
Contracts involuntarily to prevent leakage of fecal matter between defecations
Definition
internal anal sphincter
Term
surrounds the most inferior part of the anus
Definition
external anal sphincter
Term
This sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle thus contracts voluntarily
Definition
external anal sphincter
Term
collapsible muscular sac that stores and expels urine
Definition
Urinary Bladder
Term
Rests on the pelvic diaphragm just posterior to the pubic symphysis
Definition
Urinary Bladder
Term
thin walled tube that drains urine from the bladder to outside the body
Definition
Urethra
Term
Three parts of the male urethra
Definition
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
Term
composed of skeletal muscles and contracts voluntarily to inhibit urination
Definition
External urethral sphincter
Term
almond shaped and lie within the peritoneal cavity against the lateral wall of the boney pelvis
Definition
Ovaries
Term
During ovulation, the female gamete of oocyte is expelled into the
Definition
peritoneal cavity
Term
Receive the ovulated oocytes ad provide a site for fertilization
Definition
Uterine tubes or fallopian tubes
Term
finger like projections located in the margin of the infundibulum that drape over the ovary
Definition
Fimbriae
Term
Lies in the pelvic cavity anterior to the rectum and posterior to the urinary bladder
Definition
Uterus
Term
Functions to retain and nourish a fertilized egg throughout pregnancy
Definition
Uterus
Term
narrow tip that projects into the vagina
Definition
Cervix
Term
thin walled tube found inferior to the uterus, anterior to the rectum, and posterior to the urethra and bladder
Definition
vagina
Term
Serves as an exit canal for a female’s monthly menstrual flow
Definition
vagina
Term
It is the birth canal through which a baby is delivered
Definition
vagina
Term
It receives the penis and semen during intercourse
Definition
vagina
Term
begin prenatally in the dorsal body and then descend to their permanent location in the scrotum
Definition
testes
Term
hangs inferiorly outside of the peritoneal cavity
Definition
scrotum
Term
begins at a weak spot in the abdomen wall called the deep inguinal ring, then runs inferomedially, parallel to the inguinal ligament, and ends at the superficial inguinal ring
Definition
Inguinal canal
Term
sum of blood vessels, nerves and abdominal body wall layers in the inguinal canal
Definition
spermatic cord
Term
comma shaped structure arching over the posterolateral side of each testis.
Definition
Epididymis
Term
Sperm mature in the ____
Definition
epididymis
Term
runs from the epididymis through the inguinal canal and into the pelvic cavity
Definition
Ductus deferens
Term
About 60% of the seminal fluid on ejaculation is produced here
Definition
Seminal vesticles
Term
lie on the posterior surface of the bladder in males
Definition
Seminal vesticles
Term
Encircles the first part of the urethra inferior to the bladder
Definition
Prostate gland
Term
About 1/3 of the semen volume is produced here
Definition
Prostate gland
Term
Produce a mucus that enters the spongy urethra during sexual arousal and prior to ejaculation
Definition
Bulbourethral gland
Term
a fatty rounded pad overlying the pubic symphysis
Definition
Mons pubis
Term
extend posteriorly from the mons as fatty elongate hair skin folds
Definition
Labia majora
Term
thin hairless skinfolds enclosed within the labia majora
Definition
Labia minora
Term
the recess enclosed by the labia minora and contains the external openings of the urethra and vagina
Definition
Vestibule
Term
composed of two masses of erectile tissue that engorge with blood during sexual arousal in the female
Definition
Clitoris
Term
Small protruding structure that is highly sensitive to touch, pressure, and temperature
Definition
Glans of the clitoris
Term
found on either side of the vaginal vestibule
Definition
Bulb of the vestibule
Term
Crus of the clitoris is composed of ______
Definition
corpus cavernosum
Term
cover the bulb of the vestibule and crura of the clitoris
Definition
Bulbospngiosus muscle
Term
Originate on the central tendon and then run anteriorly to surround each bulb of the vestibule
Definition
Bulbospngiosus muscle
Term
originate on the ischial tuberosities and then run anteriorly to wrap around each crus
Definition
Ischicavernosus muscles
Term
found on the walls of the urethra on either side of the external urethral opening
Definition
Paraurthral glands
Term
They secrete mucus into the vestibule during sexual arousal
Definition
Paraurthral glands
Term
Secrete mucous during sexual arousal
Definition
Greater vestibular glands
Term
Penis consists of a
Definition
bulb and a body
Term
loose skin that forms a cuff around the glans penis
Definition
The prepuce, or foreskin
Term
enlarged proximal end of the corpus spongiosum is attached to the inferior surface of urogenital diaphragm in the male
Definition
Bulb of the penis
Term
portion of the cavernosa that flares laterally and attaches to the ischial ramus
Definition
Crus of the penis
Term
Tarsals
Definition
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Term
All limb muscles are derived from ___________
Definition
hypaxial muscles
Term
All limb muscles are innervated by ___________
Definition
ventral rami
Term
Iliopsoas Group
Definition
Psoas major &
Iliacus
Term
Iliopsoas Group Commonalities
Definition
both flex thigh
Term
Lateral Rotator Group
Definition
Piriformis m
Term
Piriformis muscle action
Definition
laterally rotates thigh
Term
Gluteal Group
Definition
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Term
Quadriceps Group
Definition
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Sartorius
Term
Quadriceps Group Commonalities
Definition
Action- flexes leg, flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Innervation- femoral n.
Insertion- Tibial tuberosity
Term
Adductor Group
Definition
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Term
Adductor Group Commonalities
Definition
Innervation- obturator n.
Action- adduct thigh
Origin- pubic ramus
Term
Hamstrings Group
Definition
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Bicepcs femoris Long head & Short head
Term
Hamstrings Group Commonalities
Definition
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Action: extend thigh and flexes leg
Innervation: tibial n.
Term
Anterior Compartment of leg
Definition
Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Term
Anterior Compartment of leg Commonalities
Definition
Innervated by common fibular n.
Dorsiflex foot
Term
Lateral Compartment of Leg
Definition
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Term
Lateral Compartment of Leg Commonalities
Definition
Origin- lateral surface of fibula
Action- everts and plantar flexes foot
Innervation- common fibular n.
Term
Posterior Compartment of the Leg – Superficial
Definition
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Term
Posterior Compartment of the Leg – Superficial Commonalities
Definition
Insertion- posterior calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Innervation- tibial n.
Term
Posterior Compartment of the Leg – Deep
Definition
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
Term
Posterior Compartment of the Leg – Deep Commonalities
Definition
Inn- Tibial Nerve
Term
Great saphrenous v. drains into
Definition
femoral v.
Term
Small saphrenous v. drains into
Definition
popliteal v.
Term
Artery that supplies the thigh
Definition
Femoral a
Term
Artery that supplies the hamstrings
Definition
Deep Femoral a
Term
Artery that supplies the anterior leg and foot
Definition
Anterior Tibial a and Dorsalis Pedis
Term
Artery that supplies the posterior leg
Definition
Popliteal a, Posterior Tibial a, Fibular a, and Plantar a
Term
Carpals
Definition
Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Scaphoid
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Term
Pharyngeal Arch Group
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
Term
Serratus Group
Definition
serratus anterior
rhomboideus
lavatory scapulae
Term
Serratus Group Commonalities
Definition
innervated by brachial plexus
Term
Latissimus Group
Definition
latissimus dorsi
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Term
Latissimus Group Commonalities
Definition
Innervated by brachial plexus
Term
Deltoid Group
Definition
Deltoideus
teres minor
Term
Deltoid Group Commonalities
Definition
innervated by the axillary n.
Term
Pectoral Group
Definition
pectoralis major
Pectoralic minor
Term
Pectoral Group Commonalities
Definition
innervated by brachial plexus
Term
Spinatus Group
Definition
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
Term
Spinatus Group Commonality
Definition
Innervated by Brachial Plexus
Term
Brachial Group (Anterior Compartment of the Arm)
Definition
coracobrachialis
brachialis
biceps brachii
Term
Brachial Group (Anterior Compartment of the Arm) Commonalities
Definition
Innervated by musculocutaneous n.
Term
Triceps Group
Definition
Long Head
Short Head
Lateral Head
Term
Triceps Group Commonalities
Definition
insert on olecranon process
extend forearm
innervated by the radial n.
Term
Superficial flexors of the anterior forearm
Definition
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
Intermediate flexors of the anterior forearm
Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
Deep flexors of the anterior forearm
Definition
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Term
Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
Brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi ulnaris
Term
Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm commonalities
Definition
Innervated by Radial Nerve
Term
Deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor indicus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Term
Deep muscles of the posterior forearm commonalities
Definition
Innervated by Radial Nerve
Term
Arteries of the upper limb
Definition
Subclavian a.
Axillary a.
Brachial a.
Ulnar a.
Radial a.
Deep brachial a.
Term
Axillary a. supplies
Definition
the shoulder
Term
Brachial a. supplies
Definition
supplies muscles of the arm, divides in cubiodal fossa to become radial and ulnar
Term
Radial a. supplies
Definition
anterior and lateral forearm, lateral wrist, thumb, and index finger
Term
Ulnar a. supplies
Definition
anterior and medial forearm, medial wrist, and fingers 3-5
Term
Regions of the Brachial Plexus
Definition
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
Term
Arteries of the upper limbs
Definition
External iliac a.
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a.
Popliteal a.
Anterior tibial a.
Dorsalis pedis a.
Posterior tibial a.
Fibular a.
Plantar a.
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