Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy final
Thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
32
Anatomy
Graduate
12/13/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Joint of the head of the rib
Definition
Head of the rib + facet on vertebral body (one above and one below)
Term
Costotransverse joint
Definition
Neck of non-floating rib (rib tubercle) + transverse process of corresponding vertebra
Term
Name parts of sternum
Definition

Manubrium (suprasternal/jugular notch on top) - articulates with clavicle and first rib

Body  - joint between manubrium and body forms the sternal angle (landmark for rib 2 and aortic arch)

Xiphoid - cartilaginous in young people

 

Term
Ribs
Definition
12 pairs -> 1-7 are true ribs, 8-10 are false ribs, 11-12 are floating ribs (no costal cartilages)
Term
Intercostal muscles and nerves
Definition

External - elevate ribs

Internal - depress ribs

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve run in the groove on inferior surface of rib

Intercostal nerves - ventral primary rami of T1-T12

Term
Vasculature of thoracic wall
Definition

 Aorta --> posterior intercostal arteries

Subclavian --> internal thoracic --> anterior intercostal arteries

 

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastomose (useful when have coarctation of aorta)

 

Note: internal thoracic arteries continue into the abdomen as superior epigastric arteries

Term

The nerves that innervate parietal pleura.

 

Definition

Phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5) - diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura.

Intercostal nerves - costal pleura

Term
Name the lobes and fissures of each lung
Definition

Left lung - divided into superior and inferior lobes by the oblique fissue. It also has a cardiac notch for the heart and lingula (a flap that corresponds to the middle lobe)

Right lung - divided into superior, middle and inferior lobes by a horizontal and oblique fissures. 

Note: inferior lobe is mostly on the posterior surface

Term
Root of the lung - relationship between pulmonary arteries and mainstem bronchi
Definition

Right - artery anterior to the bronchus

 

Left - artery superior to the bronchus

Term
Layers of pericardium
Definition

Fibrous - outermost

Serous - parietal on inner side of fibrous and visceral on the surface of the heart

Term
What heart chamber forms the base of the heart?
Definition
Left atrium
Term
Right atrium
Definition

Receives SVC and IVC and coronary sinus

Auricle

Fossa ovalis in the atrial septum

Crista terminalis - between atrium and auricle

SA node - near junction with the SVC

Pectinate muscles

Tricuspid valve leads into right ventricle

Term
Left ventricle
Definition

Receives blood from pulmonary veins

Forms most of the base of the heart

Smooth surface (no pectinate muscles)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle

Term
Right ventricle
Definition

Forms most of anterior surface and inferior border of the heart

Conus arteriosus - smooth part leading into pulmonary trunk

Tricuspid valve - 2 cusps; papillary muscles that tighten the chordae tendineae (link papillary muscles to tricuspid valve, preventing valve inversion and regurgitation during ventricular contraction)

Pulmonary valve - 3 cusps

Trabeculae carnae - bundles of muscles

Septomarginar band / moderatorband -prevents overextension and is a part of the electical conduction system of the heart

 

Term
Left ventricle
Definition

Thicker than right ventricle

Forms the apex of the heart

Mitral valve - bicuspid

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

trabeculae carneae

 Aortic valve - semilunar (3 cusps)

No moderator band

Term
Areas of auscultation of heart sounds
Definition

PV - left 2nd ICS

Aortic - right 2nd ICS

Mitral - apex (lateral 5th ISC)

Tricuspid - lower left sternal border (5th ISC)

Term
Right coronary artery
Definition

From right aortic sinus to the back of the heart where it gives off posterior interventricular artery (anastosomoses with LAD from left coronary)

Gives off a branch to SA node

Gives off right marginal branch

Usually supplies AV node as well

Term
Left coronary artery
Definition

From left aortic sinus- very short

Gives off circumflex branch

Gives off LAD (left anterior descending a.k.a. anterior interventricular artery that anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery

Term
Venous drainage of the heart
Definition

Coronary sinus - in posterior part of coronary groove; empties into the right atrium

Great cardiac vein - runs along with LAD

Middle cardiac vein - runs along with posterior interventricular artery

Small cardiac vein - runs along with marginal branch of right coronary artery

Term
Structures in superior mediastinum
Definition

From anterior to posterior:

Thymus ->brachiocephalic veins (IJV + subclavian) -> SVC -> Aortic arch -> pulmonary artery -> vagus nerve (inclusing recurrent laryngeal nerves -> phrenic nerve -> trachea -> esophagus

Term
Structures in posterior mediastinum
Definition
Descending aorta -> thoracic duct (between 2 "gooses" - azygous vein and esophagus, empties into the junction of left IJV and subclavian) -> azygous vein -> (on the right, interconnects SVC and IVC) -> esophagus - > sympathetic trunks (great, lesser and least splanchnic)
Term
McBurney's point
Definition

1/3 of distance between ASIS and umbilicus

Tenderness here = appendicitis

Term
Superficial inguinal ring
Definition
Gap in the aponeurosis of external oblique; roughly above pubic tubercle
Term
Inguinal canal
Definition
Lowest part of external oblique aponeurosis
Term
Rectus sheath
Definition

Formed by aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transverus abdominis

Above arcuate line, 1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis pass below recus abdominis; below arcuate line only transversalis fascia is below rectus abdominis

Term
Blood supply to anterior abdominal wall
Definition

Superficial epigastric - from femoral artery

Superior epigastric - from internal thoracic artery

Inferior epigastric - from external iliac artery

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose

Term
Inguinal canal
Definition
Houses spermatic cord in males and round ligament of the uterus in females
Term
Deep inguinal ring
Definition

Opening in the transversalis fascia

Inferior epigastric artery lies at its medial border

Term
Spermatic cord
Definition
Ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics, cremasteric artery, genitofemoral nerve, internal spermatic fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle 
Term
Innervation of the scrotum
Definition

Genitofemoral n,

Ilioinguinal n,

pudendal n.

Term
Indirect inguinal hernia
Definition
Passes the entire length of inguinal canal (deep to superficial ring); 20x more common in males; can find it lateral to the inferior epigastric artery pulse (because of the deep ring)
Term
Direct inguinal hernia
Definition

Comes through superficial inguinal ring, medial to the pulse of inferior epigastric artery

Protrudes through abdominal wall through inguinal triangle

Supporting users have an ad free experience!