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Anatomy Final-Chapter 27
Anatomy Final-Chapter 27
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2011

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Term
Epididymis
Definition
-sperm pass through epididymis when they leave testis
-sperm mature and gain ability to move
-leads to ductus deferens
Term
Penis
Definition
the male copulatory organ, part of male external genetalia
Term
Corpora cavernosa
Definition
-2 dorsal portions of erectile tissue
-blood floods in this area and fills open spaces in spongy tissue to form an erection
Term
Urethra
Definition
conveys urine and semen(at different times)
Term
Intersitial cells in testis
Definition
aka leydig cells, outside the seminiferous tubules produce androgens
Term
testes
Definition
produce sperm
Term
ductus deferens
Definition
expands to form the ampulla and then joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Term
prostate
Definition
stores and secretes slightly acidic fluid, white fluid that accounts for 20-30% of semen
Term
seminal veicles
Definition
produces viscus alkaline seminal fluid
Term
bulbourethral glands
Definition
prior to ejaculation, produce clear thick mucus
Term
sustentacular cells
Definition
supplies nutrients to sperm
Term
seminferous tubules
Definition
-creation of gametes
-where spermatogenesis occurs
Term
ovary
Definition
-produce female gametes(ova)
-secrete female sex hormone
Term
follicle
Definition
-where the hormones stimulate egg growth: "shell"
-made of primary and sexondary follicle
Term
primary follice
Definition
two or more layers, granulosa cells surrorund ovacyte
Term
secondary follicle
Definition
when fluid filled cavity develops between granulosa cells
Term
vagina
Definition
a canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body
-birth canal
Term
uterus
Definition
-accept the fertilized ovum
-protect and nuture infants prior to birth
-at birth helps move baby out
Term
cervix
Definition
-allow flow of menstration fromt he uterus into the vagina and direct the sperm into the uterus
Term
greater vestibular glands
Definition
release mucus into the vestibule for lubrication
Term
citoris
Definition
location of female orgasm, equalivelent to penis
Term
endometrium
Definition
inner lining of uterus
Term
mammary glands
Definition
produce milk
Term
fimbriae
Definition
catch the egg to put into the uterine tubules
Term
oviducts
Definition
transmits the egg from ovary to uterus
Term
corpus luteum
Definition
-essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females
-secretes prgesterone
Term
Three differences between spermatogensis and oogenesis
Definition
1.S makes sperm and O makes eggs
2.after 2 meiotic divisions in a single spermatogonium, you get 4 spermatids which becomes 4 sperm cells, after 2 meiotic divisions in the single oogonium, you get one ovum and 3 polar bodies
3.spermatogenesis goes on in a male from puberty until death. Im female, oogenesis goes on from before birth until menopause
Term
Describe gametogenesis in both sexes (i.e. spermatogenesis and oogenesis) and process of meiosis
Definition
**see diagrams**
Term
What is the role of GnRH in males and females?
Definition
-indirectly stimulates the testis via its effect on FSH and LH
-indirectly stimultes ovaries via its effect on FSH and LH
Term
What releases GnRH and what gland does it act on?
Definition
-hypothalamus releases it
-acts on anterior pitutary gland
Term
The anterior pitutary releases what two "gonadotropins", what are they?
Definition
FSH & LH
Term
What do FSH and LH act on?
Definition
the testis and ovaries
Term
FSH and LH in females
Definition
-FSH stimulates the follicle to secrete the hormone estrogen. Also helps regulate the menstrual cycle
-LH causes causes egg in ovary to complete luteum- will then release progesterone
Term
FSH and LH in males
Definition
-FSH is needed for spermatogenesis
-LH triggers leydig cells of the testes to produce and secrete testosterone(essential for sperm production)
Term
What events are occurring during the menstrual cycle?
Definition
Term
3 STD's
Definition
1.Gonorrhea
2.Syphilis
3.Chlamydia
Term
Gonorrhea
Definition
-spread by contact with genitals, anus, or pharyengeal mucus
-symptoms: urethritis, painful urination, discharge of pus, abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge
-20% females don't have symptoms
-treatment: antibiotics, may resist it
-
Term
Syphilis
Definition
-transmitted sexually or congenitally9infect fetus)
-symptoms: 1.painless cancre, 2.headache, sore throat, rash, 3.tertiary(may happen in a long time)-dimmentia, paralysis, gumma lesions
-treatment: penecillin in 1 and 2
Term
Chlamydia
Definition
-sexual transmission
-symptoms: urethritis, penial and vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, UTI
-treatment: tetracycline
Term
sexual differentiation
Definition
early in development male and female gonads/genitals are “sexually indifferent” and arise from the same primordial tissue. Testes form in abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum before birth (sperm production is temperature sensitive)
Term
sexual differentiation
Definition
early in development male and female gonads/genitals are “sexually indifferent” and arise from the same primordial tissue. Testes form in abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum before birth (sperm production is temperature sensitive)
Term
Cryptorchidism
Definition
-failure of the testis to decend
-results in sterility
-most important risk factor for testicular cancer
Term
What is the most common cancer of men and what ages does it most occur in? How can you check for it?
Definition
-testicular cancer
-ages 15-35
-regular testicular exams to check for painless, solid mass
Term
What should women do to check for cervical dysplasia? Why? And what should they do to check for breast cancer?
Definition
-women should get yearly papsmear to check for cervical dysplasia because it can lead to cancer
-do frequent brest exams to check for lumps, yearly mamogram starting at age 40 and older.
Term
What kind of controlis sexual arousal under in male and females?
Definition
parasympathetic control
Term
What kind of control is orgasm/ejaculation under?
Definition
sympathetic control
Term
What is responsible for the male libido?
Definition
testosterone
Term
What is associated with the female libido?
Definition
androgen hormone, DHEA (secreted by the adrenal cortex
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