Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy exam 3 Anterior and Medial Thigh
Anterior and Medial Thigh
127
Anatomy
Graduate
08/16/2016

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
PROXIMAL end of the femur structures
Definition
head, neck and greater and lesser trochanters.
Term
blunt elevations on the femur
(where the neck joins the shaft
-names and general location
Definition
trochanters
-lesser trochanter: conical, posteromedial part of the junction of neck
-greater trochanter: large, laterally placed
Term
3 bones of the hip
Definition
ilium, ischium, pubis
Term
triradiate cartilage
Definition
separates ilium, ischium, and pubis until puberty, and it fuses between 15-25 y/o
Term
Ilium
-what is it?
Definition
Superior and largest part of hip bone, contains the acetabulum.
Term
Ilium
-what does it consist of
Definition
-body: joins the pubis and ischium to the acetabulum
-Ala(wing): bordered superiorly by the iliac crest
Term
ischium
-what is it?
Definition
Forms the postero-inferior part of acetabulum and hip bone.
Term
ischium
-what does it consist of?
Definition
-body: where it joins the ilium and superior ramus of pubis to form the acetabulum.
-ramus of ischium: joins the inferior ramus of pubis to form the ischiopubic ramus
Term
ischial tuberosity
-attachment site for...
Definition
-hamstring muscles
-sacrotuberous ligament
Term
ischial spine:
-attachment site for...
Definition
sacrospinous ligament
Term
pubis
-what is it?
Definition
Forms the anterior part of acetabulum and the antero-medial part of hip bone .
Term
pubis
-parts
Definition
-superior ramus
-inferior ramus
-symphysis pubis: where the bodies articulate with each other
Term
fractures of the hip bone
Definition
-pelvic fractures
Term
avulsion fractures of the hip bone
-what is it?
-when do they occur?
Definition
- A small part of the bone and a piece of tendon or ligament attached is torn away
-occurs in sports that require sudden acceleration/deceleration
Term
pelvic fractures in older patients
Definition
at least 2 fractures of the ring of bone formed by the pubis, pubic rami, and acetabulum
Term
linea aspera of the femur
-describe
Definition
prominent double edged ridge on the posterior of the shaft of the femur,
-diverges medially: pectineal line
-diverges laterally: gluteal tuberosity
Term
fovea
Definition
on the head of the femur, depression for the ligament, and the only part not covered with articular cartilage`
Term
intertrochanteric line
Definition
anterior, runs from the greater to the lesser trochanter.
-Continuous with the pectineal line and merges with the linea aspera
Term
intertrochanteric crest
Definition
posteriorly joins the trochanters, and has a quadrate tubercle for the attachment of the quadratus femoris muscle
Term
femoral condyles articulate with
Definition
tibial condyles
patella anteriorly
Term
intercondylar fossa
Definition
separates the femoral condyles posterially
Term
popliteal fossa landmarks on the femur
Definition
posterior surface of the femur, between the medial and lateral supracondylar lines
Term
adductor tubercle location on the femur
Definition
on the medial supracondylar line
Term
most common femoral fracture
-special population consideration
Definition
neck of the femur, especially in females secondary to osteoporosis
Term
examples of proximal femur fractures
Definition
transcervical
intertrochanteric
Term
femoral shaft fractures
Definition
it is a very strong bone, but violent direct injury can cause a spiral fracture of the shaft
Term
femoral fracture: distal end
Definition
complicated by separation of the condyles and misalignment of the knee joint
Term
blood supply issues with fracture of the neck
\
Definition
-fractures are intracapsular
-retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery may be torn, resulting in avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Term
angle of inclination of the femur is formed by...
Definition
- line drawn longitudinally through the center of femoral shaft and
- line bisecting femoral head and neck
Term
angle of inclination in adults
-what is the angle?
Definition
An obtuse angle in adults , 115-140 degrees ( average 126 degrees)
Term
angle of inclination in women? elderly?
Definition
less and LESS
Term
coxa vara
Definition
-the angle of inclination is decreased
-causes mild passive abduction of the hip
Term
coxa valga
Definition
-the angle of inclination is increased
Term
Torsion angle or angle of declination (femur)
-formed by
Definition
looking from top to bottom,
-the line formed by the femoral neck
-the line formed by the femoral condyles, medial to lateral
Term
torsion angle
-in females
-in males
Definition
-12 degrees in females
-7 degrees in males
Term
movement of the femoral head withing the acetabulum
-what movement?
-allowed by?
Definition
rotary movement, allowed by the torsion angle and angle of inclination.
(flex.,ext., abd., add., rotation)
Term
Patella
-what is it?
-what kind of bone?
Definition
knee cap
sesamoid bone, triangular bone
Term
patella
-articulates with
Definition
posterior surface articulates with the patellar surface of the femur
Term
surfaces and borders of the patella
Definition
anterior surface
posterior (articular) surface
lateral and medial borders(converge)
Base (superior)
Term
great saphenous vein is a tributary to...
Definition
femoral vein
Term
saphenous opening
-location
Definition
opening in the fascia lata below the medial half of the inguinal ligament, where the great saphenous vein passes through
Term
3 superficial veins that attach to the great saphenous vein near the saphenous opening
Definition
superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric and superficial external pudendal
Term
the falciform margin
Definition
the sharp inferior and lateral margin of the saphenous opening
Term
cribriform fascia
Definition
-sieve-like
subcutaneous tissue over the saphenous opening enclosing it .
Term
what passes through the saphenous opening?
Definition
great saphenous vein
some lymphatics
Term
perforating veins
Definition
penetrate deep fascia and pass between superficial and deep veins
-valves keep flow superficial -> deep
-penetrate fascia obliquely
Term
Varicose veins
-what is it?
-where is it common?
Definition
-great saphenous vein becomes dilated and/or tortuous, cusps of valves do not close
-Most common in the posteromedial parts of lower limb
Term
Superficial lymphatic vessels
-where do they go?
Definition
send lymph through the saphenous opening to superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Term
deep inguinal lymph nodes
-where located?
-where do they receive lymph from?
Definition
-medial to femoral vein
-receive lymph from
----superficial inguinal lymph nodes
----deep lymphatic vessels
Term
enlarged lymph nodes
Definition
lymphadenopathy
Term
enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes and female patients - risk
Definition
metastasis of UTERINE CANCER may reach superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
The cutaneous nerves of the anterior and medial thigh
-what are they branched of?
-name them
Definition
branches of lumbar plexus.
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh)
-branches of femoral nerve
-branches of obturator nerve
branches of genitofemoral nerve
Term
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
-which nerve roots?
-where does it supply?
Definition
(L2-L3)
supplies skin of anterolateral and lateral thigh.
Term
Anterior cutaneous branch of femoral nerve
-which nerve roots?
-where does it supply?
Definition
(L2-4)
supplies skin of the anterior thigh
Term
The femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
-which nerve roots?
-where does it supply?
Definition
(L1-2)
supplies skin of the central part of upper thigh just below inguinal ligament .
Term
cutaneous branch of obturator nerve
-which nerve roots?
-where does it supply?
Definition
(L2-4)
supplies skin of the upper medial thigh
Term
fascia lata
-what's its general function?
Definition
-Limits the outward extension of contracting muscles
-muscle contractions are more efficient at pumping venous blood to the heart
Term
superior anchors of the fascia lata
Definition
-inguinal ligament
-iliac crest
-sacrum
-coccyx
-sacrotuberous ligament
-inferior ramus of the pubic bone
-body of the pubic bone
-superior ramus of pubic bone
Term
iliotibial tract
-what is it?
-where is it?
Definition
Thickened band of fascia lata on the lateral side of the thigh between the tubercle of iliac crest and lateral tibial condyle
Term
iliotibial tract
-what does it do?
Definition
-Receives insertions from tensor fasciae lata and gluteus maximus
-reinforces the capsule of knee joint
-contributes to locomotion and posture
Term
fascia lata sends intermuscular septa to...
Definition
linea aspera
Term
compartments of the thigh
Definition
-anterior
-medial
-posterior
Term
lateral intermuscular septum is continuous with...
Definition
the iliotibial tract
Term
iliotibial band syndrome
Definition
inflammation of the hip or knee joints to to friction with the iliotibial band
Term
abductors are in what region?
Definition
gluteal region
Term
3 compartments of the thigh and innervation
Definition
anterior/extensor - femoral nerve
medial/adductor - obturator nerve
posterior/flexor - tibial portion of sciatic
Term
anterior thigh muscles
Definition
-pectineus
-iliopsoas
-sartorious
-quadriceps femoris
-articularis genu
Term
pectineus
-attachments
Definition
-Proximal attachment to superior ramus of pubis
-Distal attachment to pectineal line of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter
Term
pectineus
-innervation
Definition
Femoral nerve , (L2, L3).
-Obturator nerve may innervate the muscle.
Term
pectineus
-action
Definition
: adducts and flexes the hip joint , assists with medial rotation of hip joint
Term
iliopsoas
-what is it?
Definition
-flexor of the hip joint , formed by psoas major and iliacus .
-stabilizes the hip joint
-postural muscle maintaining the lumbar lordosis
Term
psoas major
-attachments
Definition
-proximal: transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, sides of T12-L5
-Distal: lesser trochanter of femur
Term
psoas major
-innervation
Definition
anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3
Term
psoas major action
Definition
works with iliacus
--flexor of the hip joint
-stabilizes the hip joint
-postural muscle maintaining the lumbar lordosis
Term
iliacus
-attachments
Definition
-proximal: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament
-distal: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter
Term
iliacus innervation
Definition
Femoral nerve L2 L3
Term
iliacus action
Definition
in conjucion with psoas major:
--flexor of the hip joint
-stabilizes the hip joint
-postural muscle maintaining the lumbar lordosis
Term
Sartoius
-innervation
-attachments
--action
Definition
innervated by the femoral nerve (L2,L3)
-anterior superior iliac spine
-Superior part of medial surface of tibia
--flex, abducts, later rot. thigh at hip
--flexes leg at knee joint
Term
Quadriceps femoris parts
Definition
Great extensor of the knee joint
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius
-vastus medialis
Term
rectus femoris
-attachements
-innervation
-action
Definition
-anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to the acetabulum
-base of patella->tibial tuberosity
--femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
--Extends knee, flexes thigh
Term
vastus lateralis
-attachments
-innervation
-action
Definition
-greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
-base of patella->tibial tuberosity
--femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
--Extends knee
Term
vastus medialis
-attachments
-innervation
-actions
Definition
-intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
-base of patella->tibial tuberosity
--femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
--Extends knee
Term
vastus intermedius
-attachments
-innervation
-action
Definition
-anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of the femur
-base of patella->tibial tuberosity
--femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
--Extends knee
Term
articularis genu
-attachements
-action
Definition
-inferior anterior femur
-synovial membrane of knee joint and suprapatellar bursa
---pulls the synovial membrane superiorly during knee extension, preventing compression
Term
Paralysis of Quadriceps
Definition
-inability to extend leg against resistance
-walking, person presses on distal thigh to prevent inadvertent knee flexion
Term
Weakness of vastus medialis or vastus lateralis
-how does it often happen?
-what is the result?
Definition
-can occur from trauma to the knee or arthritis
-results in abnormal patellar movement and loss of joint stability
Term
Chondromalacia patellae
-what is it?
Definition
runner's knee: softening of the cartilage
Term
groin pull
-what is it?
-where is the pain?
Definition
-strain , stretching and probably some tearing of the proximal attachments of the hip adductors and flexors
-local pain at inferior pubic ramus and the ischial tuberosity
Term
hip pointer
Definition
direct blow or fall on the hip , injury to the iliac crest
Term
charley horse
-what is it?
-Causes
Definition
acute cramps in an individual muscle ------ischemia
-nocturnal leg cramps
-contusion and rupture of blood vessels leading to a blood clot
Term
Adductor group
-what compartment
-innervation
Definition
-medial compartment
-obturator nerve innervation
Term
adductor group
-muscles
Definition
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus (adductor aspect)
-gracilis
-obturator externus
Term
femoral triangle
-boundaries
Definition
-Superiorly by the inguinal ligament
-Medially by adductor longus
-laterally by sartorius
-floor:iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially
-roof: fascia lata , cribriform fascia , subcutaneous tissue and skin
Term
inguinal ligament spans...
Definition
spans the gap between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
Term
retro inguinal space
-lateral vs medial compartments
Definition
deep to the inguinal ligament
-medial: passage of blood vessels and lymphatics
-lateral: iliopsoas and femoral nerve passage
Term
contents of the femoral triangle
Definition
FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL
-Femoral nerve and branches
-Femoral artery and branches
- Femoral vein and tributaries (great saphenous and profunda femoral)
Term
Adductor canal
-aka
-boundaries
Definition
aka sub sartorial canal/Hunter canal
-anteriorly and laterally:vastus medialis
-Posteriorly: adductor longus and adductor magnus
-Medially and roof: sartorius
Term
adductor canal
-contents
Definition
-passage for the femoral artery and vein -saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis.
Term
adductor hiatus
-where is it?
Definition
adductor magnus: opening between the distal aponeurotic attachment of adductor part and tendon of the hamstring part .
Term
adductor hiatus
-what does it contain/allow passage?
Definition
femoral artery and vein, from the anterior compartment of the thigh to the popliteal fossa posterior to the knee
Term
femoral nerve path
Definition
Originates in the abdomen within psoas major muscle -> retro inguinal space -> femoral triangle -> innervates the anterior thigh, and sends down the cutaneous branch of the Saphenous nerve
Term
terminal cutaneous branch of the saphenous nerve supplies...
Definition
supplies the skin and superficial fascia on the anteromedial aspects of knee, leg and foot.
Term
femoral sheath
formed by:
Definition
-an inferior prolongation of the transversalis and iliopsoas fascia
-Terminates inferiorly by becoming continuous with tunica adventitia and loose connective tissue surrounding the femoral blood vessels
Term
femoral sheath
-function
Definition
-encloses the proximal parts of femoral vessels
-sheath allows the femoral vessels to glide deep to inguinal ligament during movements of hip joint
Term
femoral sheath
-divisions, and the contents of each
Definition
-lateral compartment: femoral artery -intermediate compartment: femoral vein -medial compartment: constitutes femoral canal
Term
femoral canal
-where is it?
-contents
Definition
the medial compartment of the femoral sheath, between the medial wall of femoral sheath and femoral vein.
-contains cloquet's node (lymph)
Term
Femoral ring
Definition
-medial to the femoral vein, with a septum in between.
-lateral to the lacunar ligament
Term
femoral hernia
Definition
protrusion of abdominal viscera usually a loop of small intestine, through the femoral ring
Term
femoral artery path
Definition
from the external iliac artery:
through the medial retroinguinal space -> femoral triangle lateral to femoral vein -> enters the adductor canal -> through the adductor hiatus -> popliteal artery
Term
superficial Branches of Femoral artery
Definition
-superficial epigastric artery , -----------superficial circumflex iliac artery , -----superficial external pudendal artery
-deep external pudendal artery
Term
profunda femoris artery
-from what and where does it branch off?
Definition
from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle, descends posterior to the adductor longus
Term
major branches of the profunda femoris artery
Definition
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Term
medial femoral circumflex artery
-path
-it supplies (via branches)...
Definition
from the profunda femoris -> passes posterior between the iliopsoas and pectineus -> posterior retinacular branches supply the femoral head
Term
The lateral femoral circumflex artery
-path
Definition
from the PROFUNDA FEMORIS-> passes in front of the iliopsoas, and quickly branches into ASCENDING , TRANSVERSE and DESCENDING branches
Term
ascending branch from the lateral femoral circumflex artery - where does it go?
Definition
anastomose with the superior gluteal artery
Term
transverse branch from the lateral femoral circumflex artery - where does it go?
Definition
enters vastus lateralis and takes part in cruciate anastomosis .
Term
descending branch from the lateral femoral circumflex artery - where does it go?
Definition
-descends behind rectus femoris to supply vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis
-genicular anastomosis around the knee joint .
Term
perforating arteries
-where from
-what do they supply
Definition
from the profunda femoris
supply adductor magnus, hamstrings and vastus lateralis muscles
Term
femoral vein
-path
Definition
from popliteal vein -> adductor hiatus ->adductor canal -> femoral sheath -> becomes the external iliac vein
Term
femoral vein tributaries
Definition
profunda femoris vein and great saphenous vein
Term
obturator artery
-path
Definition
from the internal iliac artery -> through obturator foramen -> enters medial compartment of the thigh -> divides into anterior and posterior branches (straddle the adductor brevis)
Term
obturator artery supplies...
Definition
-obturator externus
-pectineus
-adductors of the thigh
-gracilis .
Term
acetabular branch of the posterior branch of the obturator artery
-supplies....
Definition
head of the femur
Term
PUBIC BRANCH OF THE EPIGASTRIC ARTERY
-What might it be involved in?
-What problem might this pose?
Definition
sometimes replaces or joins the obturator artery
-runs across the femoral ring, and can be involved in strangulated femoral hernia
Term
Obturator nerve
-contributing roots
Definition
(L2-L4 )
Term
obturator nerve
-path
Definition
similar path as obturator artery/vein

medial border of psoas muscle -> enters the thigh through the obturator foramen -> Divides into anterior and posterior branches which straddle adductor brevis
Term
obturator nerve: posterior
-supplies...
Definition
adductor magnus and obturator externus
Supporting users have an ad free experience!