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Anatomy Exam 3
Lecture 2
65
Anatomy
Graduate
09/05/2016

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Term
What compartment does the thigh (femoral) region not have?
Definition
Lateral
It has a anterior, medial, and posterior
Term
What compartment does the leg (crural) region not have?
Definition
Medial
It has a anterior, posterior, and lateral
Term
Joints of the pelvic girdle
Definition
1) Pubic symphysis
2) Sacrum+ each hip bone= sacro-iliac joints
3) Sacrum+ L5= Lumbosacral joint
Term
What is the greater sciatic foramen a passageway for?
Definition
Structures entering or leaving the PELVIS
Term
What is the lesser sciatic foramen for?
Definition
Structures entering or leaving the PERINEUM
Term
When do the 3 hip bones fuse the triradiate cartilage?
Definition
20-25 years old
Term
What inserts on the ASIS and AIIS?
Definition
ASIS- Sartorius
AIIS- Rectus Femoris
Term
Diffuse pain in lateral thigh especially during stair climbing or rising from seated position.
Definition
Trochanteric bursitis
Term
Point tenderness over greater trochanter and pain radiates down IT band
Definition
Tear of gluteus medius or trochanteric bursitis
Term
Results from excessive friction between ischial bursae and the ischial tuberosities such as from cycling
Definition
Ischial bursitis
Term
Complications from bursitis in people with impaired sensation
Definition
Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers
Term
What comes from the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle?
Definition
Superior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein
Term
What comes from the lower sciatic foramen?
Definition
Obturator internus tendon
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal vessels
Term
What comes from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle?
Definition
Sciatic nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery and vein
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
N. to obturatus internus
N. to quadratus femoris
Term
branches of Superior gluteal nerve which comes out from ABOVE the piriformis muscle
Definition
Superficial- gluteus maximus; anastomoses with inferior gluteal artery
Deep- glueteus medius+minimus+ TFL
Term
Inferior Gluteal artery
Definition
Comes out from greater sciatic nerve BELOW piriformis to supply gluteus maximus and deep muscles
Term
Medial femoral circumflex
Definition
Femoral artery
Term
Ascending branch of first perforating artery
Definition
Froom deep artery of thigh
Term
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
Definition
Gives off ascending branch that anastomoses with the superior gluteal artery
Term
Ideal site for intramuscular injections
Definition
Upper lateral quadrant of gluteal region
Term
How to damage sciatic nerve and paralyze posterior thigh muscles & all muscles below knee
Definition
inject the lower medial quadrant of gluteal region
Term
How to damage superior gluteal nerve and paralyze gluteal muscles
Definition
inject upper medial quadrant
Term
What quadrant is the hip joint?
Definition
lower lateral quadrant
Term
Insertion of semitendinosus
Definition
Upper medial tibia
Term
Insertion of semimembranosus
Definition
Posterior part of medial condyle
Term
Action of semitendinosus unilaterally
Definition
Flexes & medially rotates leg at knee joint
Term
Origin of biceps femoris short head
Definition
linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur
Term
Hamstrings+hamstring part of adductor magnus action
Definition
EXTEND THIGH
Term
hamstrings - hamstring part of adductor magnus action
Definition
FLEX LEG (KNEE JOINT)
Term
What forms pes anserinus?
Definition
Semitendinosus, gracilis, and Sartorius. Pes anserinus bursitis may occur due to overuse of medial knee compartment
Term
What's in the popliteal fossa?
Definition
Popliteal artery and vein
Small saphenous vein
Tibial and common fibular branches of sciatic nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
Fat
Term
If the femoral artery has to be ligated, where does blood bypass?
Definition
Through genicular anastomosis in which it then reaches the popliteal artery
Term
When does the popliteal vein become femoral vein?
Definition
When it transverses adductor hiatus
Term
What's in the popliteal fossa?
Definition
Popliteal artery and vein
Small saphenous vein
Tibial and common fibular branches of sciatic nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
Fat
Term
If the femoral artery has to be ligated, where does blood bypass?
Definition
Through genicular anastomosis in which it then reaches the popliteal artery
Term
When does the popliteal vein become femoral vein?
Definition
When it transverses adductor hiatus
Term
What is the most superficial structure of the popliteal fossa?
Definition
Sciatic nerve
Term
Branches of the sciatic nerve
Definition
Tibial- bisects the fossa; supplies triceps surae, plantaris, and popliteus
Tibial also gives off medial sural cutaneous
Term
What nerve can be injured at the neck of the fibula?
Definition
Common fibular nerve
Term
Branches of common fibular nerve
Definition
Superficial and deep fibular nerves
Term
What does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve supply?
Definition
Lateral aspect of the leg
Term
What does the sural nerve supply?
Definition
Skin on the posterior and lateral aspect of leg and lateral side of foot
Term
What forms the hip joint (ball and socket)?
Definition
Head of femur + Acetabulum
Term
What covers the head of the femur?
Definition
Hyaline cartilage and the fovea capitis femoris
Term
What is the fovea capitis femoris for?
Definition
Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum capitis femoris)
Term
What is the purpose of the ligament of the head of the femur?
Definition
Carries artery to the head of the femur; this artery is a branch of the obturator artery (important in children)
Term
What deepens the acetablum?
Definition
Acetabular labrum
Term
Where does the iliofemoral ligament run from?
Definition
Anterior inferior iliac spine (rectus femoris) and acetabular rim to the intertrochanteric line; prevents HYPEREXTENSION
Term
Where does the pubofemoral ligament run from?
Definition
Obturator crest to the iliofemoral ligament; limits excess extension and abduction
Term
What seperates the iliofemoral ligament and pubofemoral ligament?
Definition
Iliopsoas muscle and bursa
Term
Ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
Ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur medial to greater trochanter; prevents hyperextension
Term
Most hip dislocations are
Definition
Posterior- because all three hip ligaments relax during flexion and adduction of thigh
Term
three ligaments of the hip
Definition
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Term
Dislocation of the hip joint
Definition
Can fx. acetabulum, damage SCIATIC NERVE, and cause femoral head avascular necrosis
Term
5 things that limit movement in the hip joint
Definition
1) Soft tissue apposition
2) Joint capsule
3) 3 ligaments
4) IT Band
5) Antagonist muscles
Term
What is the main blood supply to the hip joint?
Definition
Medial femoral circumflex artery from the deep artery of the the thigh
Term
What is secondary blood supply to the hip joint?
Definition
Lateral femoral circumflex atery and retinacular branches
Term
In children, what is the main blood supply to the hip joint?
Definition
Artery to the head of the femur
Term
Fx. and hip dislocation can cause
Definition
avascular necrosis of the head of the femur and interrupt blood supply; tearing of the femoral circumflex arteries and retinacular branches can also happen
Term
What does the cruciate anastomosis bypass?
Definition
Obstruction of external iliac or femoral artery
Term
Total hip replacement contraindiciations
Definition
Internal rotation because it can cause hip dislocation
Term
What does osteoarthritis usually affect?
Definition
Articular cartilages of the hip joint due to mechanical wear and tear
Term
Nerve supply to the hip joint
Definition
Anteriorly- femoral
Inferiorly - Obturator
Superiorly- Superior gluteal nerve
Posteriorly- N. to quadratus femoris
Term
Why is hip pain often referred to the knee?
Definition
Because articular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves innervate both the hip and knee joints
Term
Where may pain from the vertebral column or SI joints be referred to?
Definition
Pain in the hip
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