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Anatomy Exam 3
Lecture 1
95
Anatomy
Graduate
09/01/2016

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Term
Where is the adductor tubercle located?
Definition
On the medial supracondylar line.
Term
Intertrochanteric line connects the trochanters on the BLANK aspect of the femur
Definition
Anterior
Term
Intertrochanteric crest connects the trochanters on the BLANK aspect of the femur
Definition
Posterior
Term
Linea aspera divides into what and what laterally and medially
Definition
Laterally- gluteal tuberosity
Medially- Pectineal (spiral) line
Term
Where is the quadrate tubercle located?
Definition
On the intertrochanteric crest.
Term
Intracapsular fractures
Definition
Fx. of femoral head and neck
Term
Extracapsular fractures
Definition
Fx. of trochanteric, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures.
Term
Femoral neck fracture
Definition
Retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery can be torn
Term
Coxa Vara
Definition
Decreased angle of inclination (<126 degrees)
Term
Coxa Valga
Definition
Increased angle of inclination (>126 degrees(
Term
Angle of inclination
Definition
Axis of femoral shaft and neck/head of femur in frontal plane
Term
Angle of declination (torsion angle)
Definition
Axis between condyles and femoral neck in transverse plane
Term
An opening in the fascia lata for the great saphenous vein
Definition
Saphenous opening
Term
What is the great saphenous vein a tributary of?
Definition
Femoral vein
Term
The saphenous vein receives 3 smaller superficial veins:
Definition
-superficial circumflex iliac veins, -superficial epigastric veins, -superficial external pudendal nerves.
Term
Medial margin of the saphenous opening is smooth, but the superior, lateral, and inferior is:
Definition
Falciform margin
Term
What is the saphenous opening made of?
Definition
Cribriform fascia
Term
What passes through the saphenous opening?
Definition
The great saphenous vein and some lymphatics which drain into the femoral vein and deep inguinal lymph nodes
Term
What forms the great saphenous vein?
Definition
Union of dorsal digital vein of the first and dorsal venous arch
Term
Describe the venous pathway of the GREAT saphenous vein.
Definition
1) Passes anterior to the medial malleolus
2) Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur
3) Anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein
4) Tranverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata
Term
What forms the small saphenous vein?
Definition
Union of the dorsal digital vein of the 5th and dorsal venous arch
Term
Sacrotuberous Ligament attaches where?
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term
Sacrospinous ligament attaches where?
Definition
Ischial spine
Term
Describe the pathway of the SMALL Saphenous vein.
Definition
1) Ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus
2)Passes along the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon
3)Inclines to the midline of the fibula and penetrates the deep fascia
4) Ascends between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
5) Empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
Term
Where are varicose veins most commonly formed?
Definition
Posteromedial parts of lower limb.
Term
What are superficial lymphatic vessels accompanied by?
Definition
Great saphenous vein
Term
What lies medial to the femoral vein?
Definition
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
Term
What accompanies deep lymphatic vessels?
Definition
Deep veins
Term
Pectineus Proximal Attachment
Definition
Superior ramus of pubis
Term
Pectineus Distal Attachment
Definition
Pectineal line of femur
Term
Pectineus Actions (3)
Definition
Adducts, flexes hip, medial rotates hip
Term
Pectineus Innervation
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
Psoas Major Proximal Attachment
Definition
Transverse processes/sides of T12-L5/ All lumbar vertebrae
Term
Psoas Major Distal Attachment
Definition
Lesser trochanter of femur
Term
Psoas Major Innervation
Definition
NOT FEMORAL- Anterior rami of L1-L3
Term
Psoas Major and Iliacus Major Actions (4)
Definition
Flex hip, stabilize hip joint, maintains normal lumbar lordosis, active during standing
Term
Iliacus Proximal Attachment
Definition
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala, anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Term
Iliacus Distal Attachment
Definition
Tendon of psoas major and lesser trochanter
Term
Iliacus Innervation
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
Sartorius (5)
Definition
1) Tailor's muscle
2) Most superficial
3) Passes obliquely
4) Brings lower limb in to cross legged position
5) It's a synergist
Term
Sartorius Proximal Attachment
Definition
Anterior superior iliac spine
Superior notch
Term
Sartorius Distal Attachment
Definition
Superior, medial tibia
Term
Sartorius Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Sartorius Actions (4)
Definition
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh
Flexes knee
Term
Rectus Femoris Proximal Attachment
Definition
AIIS
Term
Vastus Lateralis Proximal Attachment
Definition
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
Term
Vastus Medialis Proximal Attachment
Definition
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
Term
Vastus intermedius Proximal Attachment
Definition
Anterolateral femoral shaft
Term
Quadriceps Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Quadriceps Action (3)
Definition
Extends knee
Stabilizes hip joint
Helps iliopsoas flex hip
Term
Articularis genu action
Definition
Pulls synovial membrane superiorly during extension of the knee; preventing it from being compressed between femur+patella
Term
Softening of the cartilage or runner's knee
Definition
Chondromalacia Patellae- also caused by extreme hyperflexion or trauma
Term
Groin pull
Definition
Damages hip adductors and flexors; pain occurs at inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity; extension, abduction, adduction are painful
Term
Hip pointer
Definition
Direct blow to iliac crest
Term
Charley horse
Definition
acute cramping of an individual thigh muscle because of ischemia, nocturnal leg cramps, or to contusion and rupture of blood vessels sufficient to form a hematoma (blood clot)
Term
Boundaries of femoral triangle; Superior (base), lateral, medial
Definition
Superior- inguinal ligament
Medial- adductor longus
Lateral- Sartorius
Apex- medial border of SARTORIUS meets lateral border of AD. L.
Term
Floor and Roof(4) of femoral triangle
Definition
Lateral- iliopsoas
Medial- pectineus
Roof- Fascia lata, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin
Term
What does the retro inguinal space do?
Definition
Connect trunk/abdominopelvic cavity to lower limb
Term
What divides the retroinguinal space?
Definition
Iliopsoas fascia
Term
What is in the lateral retroinguinal space?
Definition
iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve
Term
What is in the medial retroinguinal space?
Definition
Blood vessels and lymphatics
Term
Contents of femoral triangle
Definition
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral Vein (Great saphenous and profunda femoral vein)
Term
Where does the adductor canal span from?
Definition
Apex of femoral triangle to where Sartorius crosses adductor longus
Term
What is the purpose of the adductor canal?
Definition
Passageway for femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve,
and nerve to vastus medialis.
Term
Where do femoral veins end up?
Definition
Popliteal veins
Term
Boudaries
Definition
Anteriolaterally- vastus medialis
Posteriorly- adductor longus and adductor magnus
Medially+roof- sartorius
Term
Where is the adductor hiatus an opening of?
Definition
Adductor portion of adductor magnus
Tendon of hamstring
Term
What goes through the adductor hiatus?
Definition
Femoral artery and vein
Term
Femoral nerve pathway
Definition
Psoas major->
Pelvis->
Midpoint inguinal ligament->
Retro inguinal space->
Femoral triangle->
Terminal branches of muscles of anterior thigh
Term
What are the end points of the femoral nerve?
Definition
1) Articular branches to hip and knee
2) Cutaneous branches to anteromedial thigh
3) Saphenous nerve passes through Sartorius+gracillis
Term
What does the saphenous nerve supply?
Definition
Skin and superficial fascia of anteromedial aspects of knee, leg, and foot
Term
What forms the femoral sheath?
Definition
Inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia
Term
Where does the femoral sheath end?
Definition
Tunica adventitia and loose connective tissue surrounding blood vessels
Term
Does the femoral nerve lie in the femoral sheath?
Definition
NO!
Term
What is the function of femoral sheath?
Definition
Allows femoral vessels to glide deep to inguinal ligament during movements of hip joint
Term
What divides the femoral sheath?
Definition
Vertical septa connective tissue:
Lateral compartment is for femoral artery
Intermediate compartment is for femoral vein
Medial compartment is for femoral canal
Term
What does the femoral canal lie between?
Definition
Medial wall fo femoral sheath and femoral vein
Term
What is the purpose of the femoral canal?
Definition
Allows femoral vein to expand when venous return pressure is increased; when intraabdominal pressure is increased
Term
What is inside the femoral canal?
Definition
Loose connective tissue
Fat
Lymphatic vessels
Deep inguinal lymph node called Cloquet's node
Term
What is the base of the femoral canal called?
Definition
Femoral ring
Term
Boundaries of femoral ring
Definition
Laterally- femoral septum
Posteriorly- superior ramus of pubis covered by pectineal ligament
Medially- Lacunar ligament
Anteriorly- Medial inguinal ligament
Term
Femoral hernia
Definition
Occurs in the femoral ring and protrudes through the femoral canal; more common in females
Term
Femoral artery (chief artery of lower limb that comes form external iliac artery)
Definition
bisects femoral triangle; exits adductor canal and passes adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery; lies against distal femur (can be injured)
Term
4 braches of femoral artery
Definition
1) Superficial epigastric
2) Superficial external iliac
3) Superficial external pudendal artery
4) Deep external pudendal artery
Term
Profunda femoris artery (chief artery of thigh)
Definition
1) goes to adductor longus
2) medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries branch off between iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
3) supplies femoral head via posterior retinacular branches
Term
Lateral circumflex artery divides into ascending, transverse, and descending
Definition
Ascending- passes deep to fascia latae-> superior gluteal artery anastomose
Transverse- enters vastus lateralis->cruciate anastomosis
Descending- behind rectus femoris to supply vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis-> genicular anastomosis
Term
What do perforating arteries supply?
Definition
They come from profunda femoris artery to supply adductor magnus, hamstrings, and vastus lateralis
Term
Femoral vein
Definition
Adductor canal;
Enters femoral sheath to become external iliac vein as it passes inguinal ligament
Term
Tributaries of femoral vein
Definition
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein
Term
Obturator artery
Definition
1) arises from internal iliac artery
2) Divides into anterior and posterior branches that straddle adductor brevis
Term
What does obturator artery supply?
Definition
1) Obturator externus
2) Pectineus
3) Adductors
4) Gracillis
Term
What branches off the obturator artery?
Definition
A posterior branch that gives off an acetabular branch that supplies the head of the femur
Term
Replaced or accessory obturator artery
Definition
1) Enlarged pubic branch of inferior epigastric artery takes place of obturator artery
2) Or joints it as an accessory obturator artery
3) Runs close to femoral ring-> Femoral hernia
Term
Obturator nerve
Definition
1) Runs medial to psoas muscle to run through obturator foramen along with obturator artery and vein
2) Divides into anterior and posterior branches that straddle adductor brevis along with obturator vessels
Term
What do the branches of the obturator nerve supply?
Definition
Anterior branch- adductor longus
Posterior branch- adductor magnus and obturator externus
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