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Anatomy Exam 3
Histology and Integumentary System
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/05/2013

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Term
Major Functions of the Integumentary System
Definition
Protection against mechanical injury and entrance of microorganisms.
Temperature regulation.
Relays information concerning the environment to the CNS.
Term
5 Layers of the Epidermis
Definition
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Term
Characteristics of Stratum Corneum
Definition
Dry, tough, keratinized layer (dead cells)
Term
Characteristics of Stratum Lucidum
Definition
Clear layer
Only found in palms of hands and soles of feet
Term
Characteristics of Stratum Granulosum
Definition
Flat layer of cells (granulated keratin)
Term
Characteristics of Stratum Spinosum
Definition
Round/Cuboidal cells which contain fibers of keratin.
Term
Characteristics of Stratum Basale
Definition
Mitosis layer.
Melanocytes located here
Term
Papillary Layer of Dermis
Definition
Contains dermal papillae responsible for fingerprints and toeprints.
Contain touch receptors (Meissner's corpuscles) and capillary loops.
Term
Reticular Layer of Dermis
Definition
Contains irregular dense CT (stretchy tissue) and all of the accessory structures (nerve endings, hair follicles, etc.)
Term
Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)
Definition
Located under the dermis and contains adipose tissue and large blood vessels which makes it a major blood supply and a source of insulation
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Produce melanin.
Everyone has same #, but genetics controls how much melanin is produced.
Term
Hair Root
Definition
Located inside the hair follicle.
Cells divide by mitosis.
Term
Hair Shaft
Definition
Keratinized, above the skin.
Term
Arrector Pili Muscle
Definition
Bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle.
Causes piloerections (goosebumps) which contract in a response to a decrease in body temperature or stress/emotions.
Term
Lunula
Definition
White-ish region of nail located at the base of the nail plate.
Mitosis layer
Term
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Definition
Attached to hair follicles and located only in axillary and inguinal regions.
Not active until puberty.
Become active in response to an increase in body temp and emotions.
Scent-producing.
Term
Eccrine Sweat Gland
Definition
Respond to elevated body temp associated with environmental heat and physical exercise.
Found primarily on neck, back and forehead.
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Increase in blood vessel diameter.
Increase in blood flow to skin's surface, releasing heat.
Term
Sweating
Definition
Water evaporating carries heat away from body.
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
Decrease in blood vessel diameter.
Decrease in blood flow to skin's surface.
Term
Shivering
Definition
Involuntary contractions of small muscles which generate heat.
Term
Fibroblasts
Definition
Cells responsible for wound healing.
Term
Superficial Partial Thickness Burn
Definition
1st Degree Burn
Affects only the 1st layer of epidermis.
Term
Deep Partial Thickness Burn
Definition
2nd Degree Burn
Affects both the epidermis and dermis.
Term
Full Thickness Burn
Definition
3rd Degree Burn
Affects the epidermis, dermis, and all accessory structures.
First layer of skin heals first.
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition
Produce sebum (oil) which makes hair soft and waterproofs skin.
One located on each side of hair follicle.
Term
4 Major Tissue Groups
Definition
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Term
Goblet Cells
Definition
Secrete mucus
Term
Adipocytes
Definition
Fat cells which store energy as fat
Term
Chondrocyte
Definition
Found in healthy cartilage
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
Bone cell
Term
Intercalated Disc
Definition
Found only in cardiac muscle and support synchronized contractions of cardiac tissue.
Term
Motor Neuron and Neurological Cell
Definition
Activates muscle cells.
Transmit messages from the brain through the spinal cord.
Term
Collagen Fiber
Definition
White fibers made of collagen.
Strong but NOT elastic.
Term
Elastic Fiber
Definition
Made of elastin.
Thin and flexible.
Term
Reticular Fiber
Definition
Made of collagen and elastin.
Thin, dark, strong fibers.
Term
Mast Cells
Definition
Cause inflammation.
Secrete histamine(causes swelling) and heparin(increases blood flow).
Term
Macrophage
Definition
White blood cells responsible for phagocytosis.
Term
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Avascular.
Lines all internal and external surfaces.
Tightly packed cells with little intercellular matrix.
Unlimited power of regeneration (mitosis).
Has free surface and a basement membrane.
Term
Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Definition
Fewer cells and more extracellular matrix.
Highly vascular except cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Most types have fibers in matrix.
Most are able to regenerate.
Term
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
Definition
Cells are called fibers because they're elongated.
Muscle fibers are contractile(cells have ability to change shape and become shorter and thicker).
Term
Characteristics of Nervous Tissue
Definition
Sensory Reception.
Conduction of nerve impulses.
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