Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| just one limb, usually an arm, suffers a disability |
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Term
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Definition
| usually involves the legs, but in some people the arms and face also might be affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| affects three limbs, most often both arms and one leg |
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Term
| Quadriplegia (tetraplegia) |
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Definition
| arms and legs are affected. Trunk, mouth, tongue, and windpipe, may be affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis on one side of the body. Often associated with cerebral vascular accident (CVA or stroke), but may be used in cerebral palsy |
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Term
| paralysis associated with pyramidal tract |
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Definition
primary motor area affected
-hemiplegia
-diplegia
-quadriplegia |
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Term
| paralysis associated with extrapyramidal tract |
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Definition
basal ganglia or cerebellum affected
-athetoid
-dystonic
-ataxic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| spinal cord injury paralysis |
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Definition
paraplegia - of the legs and lower legs
quadriplegia - all four limbs |
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Term
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Definition
-trauma - spinal cord injury
-inflammatory - myelitis
-vascular - vascular myelopathy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
narrowing or constriction of the spinal cord
-manifests as myelopathy |
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Term
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Definition
the nerve root is being compressed
after its exit from the spinal cord (ruptured disc or stenosis). |
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Term
| most common type of spinal stenosis |
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Definition
degenerative
-osteoarthritis
-disc degeneration
-hypertrophy or calcification of ligamentum flavum
-osteophytes on uncovertebral joints |
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Term
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Definition
rare but serious
pressure on nerves at the end of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
DISEASE affecting nerves and impairs function of the effector organ.
-e.g. diabetes, leprosy, vitamin deficiency, medication, radiation, alcohol consumption, viral infection |
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Term
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Definition
the result of trauma to a nerve
-common via nerve compression |
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Term
| Seddon's 3 types of peripheral nerve injuries |
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Definition
Class I - Neuropraxia
Class II - axonotmesis
Class III - Neurotmesis |
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Term
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Definition
(Class I PNI) a temporary interruption of conduction no loss of axonal continuity.
WILL HEAL ON ITS OWN |
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Term
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Definition
(Class II PNI) It loss of continuity of the axon preservation of the connective tissue
WILL HEAL ON ITS OWN |
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Term
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Definition
(Class III PNI) it is a total severance or disruption of the entire nerve fiber and epineurium
-will NOT heal on its own |
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Term
| common causes of nerve damage |
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Definition
-Vascular
-Laceration
-Gunshot
-Stretching
-Blunt Trauma
-Infection |
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Term
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Definition
disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels.
-typically upper or lower |
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Term
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Definition
-from cerebral cortex to ventral horn of spinal cord
-OR motor nucleus of a cranial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-alpha motor neuron
-axon ends at motor end plate on a muscle |
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Term
| upper motor neuron damage |
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Definition
| Muscle paralysis can be SPASTIC with hyperreflexia |
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Term
| lower motor neuron damage |
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Definition
flaccid paralysis
antagonist muscles are unopposed |
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Term
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
-nerve roots affected |
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Definition
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Term
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
-manifestation |
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Definition
-Adducted medially rotated shoulder
-extended elbow
-forearm in pronation
-wrist flexion
-sensory deficit in c5-c6 dermatome |
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Term
Impaired rotator cuff muscles
-nerves affected |
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Definition
| suprascapular and axillary nerve |
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Term
Impaired deltoid
-nerves invloved |
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Definition
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Term
Impaired elbow flexors
-nerves involved |
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Definition
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Term
Impaired biceps
-nerves involved |
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Definition
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Term
impaired forearm extension
-nerves involved |
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Definition
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Term
Klumpke Palsy
-nerve roots |
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Definition
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Term
Klumpke Palsy
-nerves affected (beyond roots) |
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Definition
-Medial & posterior cord branches
-Part of median & radial nerves
-Ulnar nerve – C8 & T1 |
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Term
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Definition
-Carpal tunnel syndrome
-Pronator teres syndrome
-Anterior interosseous neuropathy
-Ligament of Struthers
-inter scalene triangle
-cervical spine |
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Term
median nerve palsy
-injury at carpal tunnel - muscles affected
-manifestation |
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Definition
WEAKENED THUMB OPPOSITION
: 1ST AND 2ND LUMBRICALS AND THENAR MUSCLE
-weak thumb abduction and opposition
-loss of PIP/DIP flexion w/ MCP extension of 2nd & 3rd digit |
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Term
| sites of median nerve entrapment |
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Definition
1. cervical spine
2. Interscalene triangle
3. near pronator teres
4. carpal tunnel |
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Term
median nerve palsy
-injury above the elbow, muscles affected |
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Definition
-1ST AND 2ND LUMBRICALS, THENAR AND FLEXOR FOREARM MUSCLES
-ALMOST NO THUMB ABDUCTION AND NO OPPOSITION (THENAR ATROPHY) PLUS LOST OF 2ND & 3RD DIGIT FLEXION (BENEDICTION HAND OR EVEN APE HAND) |
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Term
Ape Hand (Simian Hand)
-what does it cause?
-what nerve is damaged? |
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Definition
-inability to abduct the thumb (opponens pollicis muscle loss)
-damage to the proximal median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-ulnar neuropathy
-compression of the ulnar nerve in the wrist at guyon's canal |
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Term
| Guyon's canal issues - types |
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Definition
Type I - proximal to Guyon's canal: motor and sensory abnormality
TypeII - weakness in muscles innervated by the deep branch: spare hypothenar muscles.
Type III: no motor issues, sensory deficit. |
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Term
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Definition
| All intrinsic hand muscles except 1st & 2nd lumbricals & thenar muscles. |
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Term
| ulnar nerve damage at elbow causes |
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Definition
-flexor digitorum profundus, medial 1/2
-intrinsic hand muscles except 1st&2nd lumbricals and thenar
--tendency to extension due to unopposed long extensors |
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Term
benediction hand
-general rule |
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Definition
median n. damage
seen with attempted flexion |
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Term
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Definition
ulnar N. damage
seen with attempted extension |
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Term
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Definition
median nerve damage,
(sometimes also ulnar) |
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Term
anterior interosseous neuropathy
-where does it branch off?
-what does it innervate?
-signs? |
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Definition
nerve branches off from the median nerve in the elbow.
-Innervates flexor pollicis longus, the deep flexors of digits 2 and 3, and pronator quadratus.
-No cutaneous sensation
-Patient cannot make OK sign |
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Term
radial nerve palsy
-injury at wrist |
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Definition
-no muscles affected
-SENSORY DEFICIT IN RADIAL NERVE AREAS
-lateral dorsum of the hand, palm just below the thumb |
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Term
radial nerve palsy
-injury above elbow - what's affected
(motor/sensory) |
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Definition
-all forearm extensors
-MAY OR MAY NOT INVOLVE ALL BELLIES OF TRICEPS
-sensory deficit in triceps area and superficial extensor compartment |
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Term
| Posterior interosseous neuropathy |
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Definition
| motor involvement without sensory involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| Radial nerve injury at the spiral groove: fracture or compression |
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Term
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Definition
supinator arch
is the most superior part of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle, and is a fibrous arch over the posterior interosseous nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
Radial
Axillary
Subscapular nerves
Thoracodorsal
Deltoid, triceps, brachioradialis, wrist extensors, wrist flexors, subscapular, latissimus dorsi |
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Term
| common cause of suprascapular neuropathy |
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Definition
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Term
| causes of Long thoracic neuropathy |
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Definition
| Neuralgic amyotrophy, trauma or compression, stretch or traction from repetitive activities |
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Term
| common cause Axillary neuropathy |
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Definition
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Term
| common etiology Spinal accessory neuropathy |
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Definition
| biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes and blunt trauma |
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Term
| common etiology Musculocutaneous neuropathy |
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Definition
| Isolated lesions of the musculocutaneous nerve are rare, but can be seen in direct trauma |
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Term
| common mechanisms Cervical Radiculopathy |
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Definition
-cervical spondylosis
-disc herniation |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusual disorder, characterized by pure motor weakness of one extremity, which represents a restricted form of motor neuron disease (ALS). |
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Term
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Definition
| Ischemic lesions affecting multiple nerves may produce a confusing clinical picture. In most patients, more widespread nerve involvement (including in the legs) is present. |
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Term
| Multifocal motor neuropathy |
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Definition
| A rare immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathy characterized by progressive asymmetric weakness and atrophy without sensory abnormalities |
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Term
| Zoster radiculoganglionitis |
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Definition
| Patients with herpes zoster may develop, in addition to a painful rash, weakness, and sensory loss in a nerve distribution close to that of the rash. |
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