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ANATOMY EXAM 2 Joints of the Upper Extremity
Joints of the Upper Extremity
41
Anatomy
Graduate
08/12/2016

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Term
sternoclavicular joint
-formed by
Definition
Is formed between the sternal end of the clavicle laterally and the manubrium and first costal cartilage medially

-contains an articular disc
Term
the only point of bony union between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
Definition
sternoclavicular joint
Term
ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
-Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
-Interclavicular ligament(superior)
-costoclavicular (anchors the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib and costal cartilage)
Term
Movements of the clavicle at the SC joint
Definition
-Elevation
-Depression
-Protraction (anterior movement)
-Retraction (posterior movement)
-Rotation around the long axis of the clavicle
Term
if the sternoclavicular joint dislocates posteriorly...
Definition
- compress the trachea, esophagus, or large blood vessels of the root of the neck
Term
acromioclavicular joint
-formed by
-relationship between clavicle & acromion
Definition
-the lateral end of the clavicle and medial margin of the acromion
-plane synovial joint, the clavicle tends to override the acromion
Term
acromioclavicular joint depends on WHAT for added stability and strength?
Definition
-strengthened superiorly by the acromioclavicular ligament
-stability from the coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid)
Term
glenohumeral joint
-formed by
Definition
head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula (deepened by the gelnoid labrum)
Term
glenohumeral joint reinforced by
Definition
-Superiorly the coracohumeral ligament
-Anteriorly the glenohumeral ligaments
-Across the intertubercular groove: the transverse humeral ligament
Term
glenohumeral ligaments
Definition
-superior GH ligament
middle GH ligament
-inferior GH ligament
Term
stabilizer of the inferior part of the GH joint
-when does it come into play?
Definition
inferior GH ligament
-stabilizes the joint when the arm is abducted
Term
coracoacromial arch
-formed by
-protects against?
Definition
-formed above the glenohumeral joint by the acromion and coracoacromial ligament
-Protects against superior dislocation of the head of the humerus
Term
tendons that reinforce the glenohumeral joint
Definition
rotator cuff
-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor
Term
synovial membrane of the shoulder joint
-extension?
-what does it communicate with?
Definition
-extension: synovial sheath for the long head of the biceps brachii
-communicates anteriorly with subscapular bursa
-normally does NOT communicate superiorly with the subacromial bursa
Term
common position of the arm in glenohumeral joint dislocation
Definition
in most unstable configuration
-arm abducted, extended, and laterally rotated
Term
anterior dislocation of the glenouhmeral joint
what is at risk?
Definition
brachial plexus
-axillary nerve may be injured
Term
elbow joint
-formed by
Definition
-trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna (humeroulnar joint)
-capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius (humeroradial joint)
Term
carrying angle of the elbow
Definition
≈5-15°, greater in women
-between the long axis of the humerus and that of the ulna
Term
ligaments supporting the elbow joint
Definition
-ulnar collateral ligament
-radial collateral ligament (blends with...)
-anular ligament of the radius
-
Term
student’s elbow
Definition
produce olecranon bursitis
-inflammation of the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Term
Avulsion of the medial epicondyle
-how?
-what other structures can be injured?
Definition
from severe abduction of the extended elbow; the ulnar nerve is frequently injured
Term
typical direction of an elbow dislocation
-other structures at risk
Definition
posterior
-neurovascular injuries may result (e.g., to the brachial artery or median nerve)
Term
proximal radioulnar joint
-type of movement
-describe mechanism
Definition
-pivot type of synovial joint
-the head of the radius rotates against the radial notch of the ulna inside the anular ligament of the radius during pronation and supination of the forearm
Term
anular ligament of the radius
Definition
encircles the head of the radius, plugging in to the anterior and posterior surface of the radial notch
Term
dislocation of the radial head
-how it happens to children
Definition
the child is suddenly lifted by the hand with the forearm pronated (nursemaid’s elbow)
Term
distal radioulnar joint
-movement and articulating structures
Definition
-pivot type of synovial joint
-ulnar notch of the radius rotates around the head of the ulna in pronation and supination of the forearm
Term
distal radioulnar joint
-supporting structures
Definition
-fibrocartilaginous articular disc (triangular ligament)
-binds the ends of the ulna and radius together
Term
wrist joint
-AKA
-formed by (exclusions?)
Definition
radiocarpal
-the distal end of the radius and the triangular ligament proximally
-the proximal row of carpal bones distally (excluding the pisiform bone
Term
articular capsule
-supporting ligaments
Definition
-Medially by the ulnar collateral ligament
-Laterally by the radial collateral ligament
-Ventrally and dorsally by radiocarpal ligaments
Term
midcarpal joint
-formed by
Definition
formed between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Term
wrist ganglion
Definition
synovial cyst
fluid filled mass in the wrist that may compress nerves and/or blood vessels
Term
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
-formed by
Definition
formed between the trapezium and base of the first metacarpal
Term
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
-type of joint
-movements
Definition
saddle joint
-Permits flexion-extension, abduction-
adduction, circumduction, and the axial rotation necessary for opposition
Term
carpometacarpal joint of the fifth finger
-action
-involvement of other joints
Definition
-Flexes and rotates slightly during tight grasp
-the fourth CM joint moves slightly to assist
Term
metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints
-formed by
Definition
knuckles between the heads of the metacarpal bones and bases of the proximal phalanges
Term
metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints
-supporting ligaments
Definition
strengthened medially and laterally by collateral ligaments
Term
metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints
-movements
Definition
flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction
Term
skier’s thumb
Definition
ulnar collateral ligament of the first metacarpophalangeal joint ruptures
Term
proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
-movements
Definition
Are hinge joints that allow only flexion and extension movements
Term
supporting structures of the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
Definition
strengthened on the medial and lateral sides by collateral ligaments
Term
mallet finger
-aka
-mechanism of injury
-resultant disability
Definition
-aka baseball finger
-sudden forced hyperflexion of distal phalanx ruptures the long extensor tendon
- resultant inability to extend the DIP joint
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