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anatomy exam 2
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186
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/28/2014

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Term
lower extremity
Definition
designed for locomotion and to transmit weight and forces from upper limbs and trunk to the weight bearing surfaces of the feet
Term
pelvic girdle
Definition
provides transition point from spine to lower extremities; bony ring formed by the hip bones and the sacrum (tailbone)
attachment point for musculature of lower trunk and LE's
Term
hip
Definition
region from iliac crest to mid-thigh; contains innominate, acetabulum and femoral head and upper thigh; connects axial skeleton to lower limb
Term
thigh
Definition
region between hip and knee; contains distal femur, patella, and anterior surface of knee
Term
lower leg
Definition
region between the inferior knee and superior ankle; contains tibia and fibula; connects knee and ankle
Term
foot
Definition
distal portion of lower extremity; considered the terminal organ of the LE; contains tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Term
inominate bone
Definition
contains ilium (superior), ischium (posterior) and pubis (anterior)
Term
sacrum
Definition
provides strength and stability to pelvis transmits the weight of the upper body through the SI joints
Term
coccyx
Definition
base, tip, cornua
Term
femur
Definition
longest and strongest long bone in the body;
Term
patella
Definition
largest sesamoid bone in the body; formed in the tendon of the quadriceps; gives quads a mechanical advantage
Term
tibia
Definition
articulates with femur at knee joint proximally and with talus distally at ankle joint (talocrur joint)
Term
fibula
Definition
forms the lateral half of the talocrural joint; function is to hold talus in socket
Term
fibula
Definition
forms the lateral half of the talocrural joint; function is to hold talus in socket
Term
talus
Definition
superior surface articulates w tibia and fibula to form talocrural joint; one of the few bones in the body without any muscular attachments
Term
calcaneus
Definition
largest and strongest bone of the foot; attachment point for Achilles tendon;
Term
flexion/extension
Definition
sagittal plane
Term
abduction/adduction
Definition
frontal plane
Term
internal/external rotation
Definition
transverse plane
Term
proximal femur
Definition
portion that articulates with acetabulum
Term
head
Definition
continuation of the femoral neck that projects medially; convex surface of ball & socket joint that fits into the acetabulum
Term
femoral neck
Definition
continuation of the shaft of the femur running anterior, superior and medially; relatively thin and bears most of the weight bearing forces
Term
upper femoral shaft
Definition
greater and lesser trochanters
Term
fovea capitis
Definition
depression in the head for attachment of the ligament to the head of the femur
Term
coxa valga
Definition
angle of inclination > 125 degrees; in the femoral neck in frontal plane
Term
coxa vara
Definition
angle of inclination < 120 degrees; in the frontal plane in the femoral neck
Term
anteversion
Definition
toe-in posturing will develop; angulation of the femoral neck in the transverse plane
Term
retroversion
Definition
toe-out posturing; angulation of the femoral neck in the transverse plane;
Term
trabecular pattern of the femur
Definition
internal architecture of the femur and pelvis adapts to mechanical stresses
Term
ward's triangle
Definition
zone of weakness; trabeculae are weak and non-overlapping
Term
iliac fossa
Definition
concavity on the ala of the ilium; forms posterior wall of abdominal cavity
Term
iliac crest
Definition
frequent site of bone grafts
Term
ischium
Definition
posterioinferior third of the hip
Term
ischial tuberosity
Definition
sits bones; covered by gleut max; palpated in gluteal fold
Term
ischial spine
Definition
projects mediary and separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches
Term
greater sciatic foramen
Definition
formed by sacrospinous ligament through which the piriformis and ms., vs. on the way to gluteal region and thigh
Term
lesser sciatic foramen
Definition
formed by sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments; tendon and nerve to obturator internus, pudendal vs.&n.
Term
ramus
Definition
extends medially from the body and joins inferior ramus of the pubis to form ischiopubic rams and complete obturator foramen
Term
pubis
Definition
L-shaped; forms the inferioanterior portion of the hip and the anteromedial 1/5 of the hip
Term
SRP
Definition
passes sup lat to the acetabulum; fused to ilium and ischium
Term
IRP
Definition
passes posterior inferior lateral to join ramus and form half of the pubic arch
Term
PS
Definition
joint between 2 pubic bodies; fibrocartilaginous joint
Term
OF
Definition
male-round; female-oval; opening formed by bodies and rami of the pubis and ischium
Term
arcruate line
Definition
interior and the separation between the 3 portions
Term
auricular surface
Definition
the joint for the sacrum
Term
ischium
Definition
posterioinferior third of the hip- posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum
Term
acetabular notch
Definition
inferior interruption of the acetabulum, spanned by the transverse acetabular ligament
Term
acetabular fossa
Definition
deepest portion, not covered by articular cartilage; contains a fat pad
Term
acetabulum (articular cartilage)
Definition
horseshoe shaped; non-articular; avascular; thickest superiorly
Term
femoral articular cartilage
Definition
thickest superiorly and posteriorly; thinnest inferiorly
Term
acetabular labrum
Definition
fibrocartilaginous ring attached to the periphery of the acetabulum which continues across the acetabular notch as the transverse acetabular ligament; increases stability + congruity, deepens hip socket
Term
joint capsule
Definition
thick and strong and reinforced by strong ligaments; dense, inelastic and fibrous; attaches to the periphery of the acetabulum blending with the labrum medially; encloses entire joint; thickest anterosuperiorly
Term
iliofemoral ligament
Definition
strongest ligament of the hip; "Y ligament of bigelow" attaches to AIIS with 2 arms fanning out to the intertrochanteric lin; prevents overextension in standing
Term
pubofemoral ligament
Definition
runs from pubis, near acetabulum, to the femur, just anterior to the lesser trochanter; limits extension, abduction and external rotation
Term
ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
attaches to the posterior-inferior surface of the acetabulum to the posterior-superior aspect of the neck of the femur (where neck meets the greater trochanter) limits extension and internal rotation
Term
intracapsular ligament
Definition
ligamentum teres; triangular shaped band arising from acetabular fossa and transverse acetabular ligament to the fovea of the femoral head; no significant role in joint stability
Term
iliolumbar ligament
Definition
arises at tip of L4 and L5 transverse process; connects L4 and L5 to ilium; limits rotation of the L5 vertebra on sacrum and assists in preventing anterior glide on the sacrum
Term
sacrospinous ligament
Definition
attatches sacrum to the ischial spine; prevents upward rotation of the inferior sacrum
Term
sacrotuberious ligament
Definition
attaches sacrum to ischial tuberosity; bind the sacrum to the ischium; prevents upward rotation of the inferior sacrum; sacrotuperous and sacrospinous also create foramina
Term
gluteal bursae
Definition
above and behind the greater trochanter; underneath the gluteus maximus and medius
Term
trochanteric bursae
Definition
superficial; between greater trochanter and iliotibial band
Term
ischial bursae
Definition
overlies the ischial tuberosity; covered by the edge of the gluteus maximus
Term
iliopectineal bursa
Definition
deep to the iliopsoas; just anterior to the hip joint; prevents friction from the joint capsule
Term
sartorius
Definition
O: ASIS
I: Pes anserine
A: Main action is hip flexion; Also produces abduction and external rotation
N: Femoral nerve
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
Power as a hip flexor
O: AIIS
I: common tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: assist illiopsoas in hip flexion and extends the knee with the quads
N: femoral nerve
Term
illiacus
Definition
O: Iliac fossa, illiac crest, ala of sacrum
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
A: Hip flexion
N: Femoral nerve
Term
psoas major
Definition
O:transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
A: Hip flexion, action has been noted in lateral rotation
N: Anterior Rami of the lumbar nerves L1,L2,L3
Term
gluteus maximus
Definition
most powerful extensor;
O: Posterior ilium and sacrum and associated ligaments
I: Superior fibers insert into ITB Inferior fibers into gluteal tuberosity on the femur
A: Hip extension and external rotation
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
Term
tensor fascia latae
Definition
O: anterior external lip of iliac crest and the ASIS
I: IT band which attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia
A: Assists in abduction and medial rotation of the thigh
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Term
gluteus medius
Definition
O: external surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: hip abduction
N: superior gluteal nerve
Term
gluteus minimus
Definition
O: external surface of the ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: hip abduction
N: superior gluteal nerve
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
O: Long head- ischial tuberosity
O: Short head- lateral linea aspera
I: Fibular head
A: Flexes knee and extends hip,
N: Long Head:Tibial
short head: common peroneal
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of the tibia
A: Flexes knee and extends the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Pes anserine
A: Flexes knee and extends hip
N: Sciatic nerve
Term
adductors of the hip
Definition
O: The adductors arise in a group from the inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Insert on the medial side of the femur along the linea aspera
A: Primary action is to adduct the thigh. All have secondary actions as well
N: Obturator Nerve
Term
pectinius
Definition
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur inferior to lesser trochanter
A: Adduction and flexion of the thigh. Assists with medial rotation
N: Femoral Nerve
Term
adductor longus
Definition
O: Body of pubis inferior to crest
I: Middle Third of linea aspera
A: Adduction and flexion of the thigh. Assists with medial rotation
N: Obturator Nerve
Term
adductor brevis
Definition
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur, proximal linea aspera
A: Adduction and flexion of the thigh. Assists with medial rotation
N: Obturator Nerve
Term
adductor magnus
Definition
O: Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
I: Adductor Part: Gluteal Tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line. Hamstring Part: Adductor Tubercle
A: Adduction and flexion of the thigh. Assists with medial rotation
N: Adductor Part: Obturator Nerve. Hamstring Part: Tibial portion of the Sciatic Nerve
Term
gracilis
Definition
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pes Anserine
A: Adduction and flexion of the thigh. Assists with medial rotation
N: Obturator Nerve
Term
obturator externus
Definition
O: Margins of the obturator foramen
I: Trochanteric fossa
A: Lateral rotation of the thigh
N: Obturator Nerve
Term
sacral plexus
Definition
plexus forms on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscl; all branches exit through greater sciatic foramen w the piriformis
Term
knee
Definition
intermediate joint of the lower limb; primarily a hinge type of synovial joint; one degree of freedom
Term
tibiofemoral joint
Definition
superior surfaces of the tibia, the medial and lateral tibial plateus, articulating w the medial and lateral femoral condyles; relatively weak mechanically due to the articular surfaces
Term
genu valgus
Definition
knock knee
Term
genu varum
Definition
bowleg
Term
patellofemoral joint
Definition
plane gliding joint; patella has 3 facets and an intervening medial ridge that articulates w the patellar surface of the femur
Term
fibrous capsule
Definition
attaches to femur superiorly, just proximal to the articular margins of the condoyles; attaches posteriorly to the inter condylar fossa; attaches inferiorly to the articular margin of the tibia
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
lines internal aspect of the fibrous capsule; largest joint space in the body
Term
patellar ligament (tendon)
Definition
distal part of quadriceps tendon; strong thick and fibrous band; passes from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity; separated from the apex of patella to tibial tuberosity; separated from synovial cavity of the knee by the infrapatellar fat pad; anterior ligament of the knee of the knee joint
Term
patellar retinaculum
Definition
tissue expansions of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis; provide support to articular capsule
Term
fibular collateral ligament
Definition
LCL; rounded and cordlike, strong, extends inferiorly from lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Term
tibial collateral ligament
Definition
MCL; strong flat band; weaker than LCL, extends from medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
Term
unhappy triad
Definition
medial meniscus, ACL and MCL injury all at once
Term
oblique popliteal ligament
Definition
expansion of the semimembranosus that strengthens the capsule posteriorly; arises posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the fibrous capsule
Term
arcuate popliteal ligament
Definition
strengthens the fibrous capsule posteriorly; Arises from the posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes superiomedially over the popliteus tendon, and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint
Term
anterior cruciate ligament
Definition
weaker of two cruciate ligaments; Arises to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends superiorly, posteriorly and laterally; On slack when the knee is flexed and taut when fully extended; poor blood supply; attaches to medial border of lateral femoral condyle
Term
posterior cruciate ligament
Definition
stronger of two cruciate ligaments; Arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia an passes superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the ACL; attaches to lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle; tightens during flexion of the knee joint
Term
menisci
Definition
fibrocartilaginous discs on the articular surface of the tibia; deepens the surface and adds to joint congruency; shock absorbers; thicker at external margins and taper to thin unattached edges
Term
lateral meniscus
Definition
nearly curcular, smaller, more freely moveable, tendon of popliteus separates this from the LCL
Term
medial meniscus
Definition
C shaped, broader posteriorly than anteriorly, deepens articular surface of tibia, firmly adheres to the deep surface of MCL
Term
coronary ligaments
Definition
Capsular fibers attaching the margins of the menisci to the tibial condyles
Term
posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Definition
Joins the lateral meniscus to the PCL and the medial femoral condyle
Term
blood supply to the knee
Definition
Genicular branches from several arteries form the genicular anastomosis around the knee
Term
proximal tibiofibular joint
Definition
Synovial joint between the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia
Term
anterior tibiofibular ligament
Definition
Consists of two or three broad flat bands that pass superiomedially from the anterior aspect of the fibular head to the anterior part of the lateral tibial condyle
Term
posterior tibiofibular ligament
Definition
Single broad band that passes superomedially from the posterior aspect of the fibular head to the posterior part of the lateral tibial condyle
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
O: AIIS
I: common tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: assist illiopsoas in hip flexion and extends the knee with the quads
N: femoral nerve; only portion of the quad that passes the hip and knee
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
O: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
I: common tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: extends knee
N: Femoral nerve; base of patella and patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
O: Anterior and lateral surface of the femur
I: common tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: Extends Knee
N: Femoral nerve
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
O: Medial lip of linea aspera
I: Common tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: Extends knee
N: Femoral nerve
the inferior portion of the Vastus Medialis has oblique fibers that attach onto the medial aspect of the patella; these fibers are called the Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) and are important for medial tracking and stabilization of the patella during knee extension
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
O: Long head- ischial tuberosity
O: Short head- lateral linea aspera
I: Fibular head
A: Flexes knee and extends hip,
N: Sciatic nerve
Action – Long head also laterally rotates the hip while the short head laterally rotates the knee
Long tibial portion of Sciatic N
Short common peroneal portion of Sciatic N
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of the tibia
A: flexes knee and extends the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
runs under the semitendinosus; intracapsular attachment
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: pes anserine
A: flexes knee and extends hip
N: Sciatic nerve
Term
pes anserine
Definition
common insertion point of the Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
Term
sartorius
Definition
O: ASIS
I: Pes Anserine
A: Hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation
N: Femoral Nerve
Term
gracilis
Definition
O: Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Pes Anserine
A: Primary hip adductor and knee flexor
N: Obturator
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
O: posterior parts of medial and lateral femoral condyles
I: Achilles Tendon
A: Primary ankle plantarflexor, secondary knee flexor
N: Tibial nerve
Term
soleus
Definition
O: posterior surfaces of the head of the fibula and soleal line
I: posterior calcaneus
A: plantarflexor of ankle
N: tibial nerve
Term
plantaris
Definition
O: Distal end of lateral supracondylar line
I: posterior calcaneus
A: works with gastrocnemius to plantarflex the ankle and assist in flexion of the knee
N: tibial nerve
main use is for transplants to the hand
Term
popliteus
Definition
O: Anterior lateral condyle of femur
I: Posterior surface of Tibia near Soleal line.
A: internal rotation of knee joint, unlocks extended knee, weak knee flexor
N: Tibial nerve
Term
popliteal fossa
Definition
diamond-shaped space on posterior aspect of the knee; contains popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve
Term
distal tibiofibular joint
Definition
Essential for stability
Keeps lateral malleolus firmly against talus
Articular surfaces
rough, triangular articular area on the medial surface of the inferior end of fibula articulates with a facet on the inferior end of the tibia
Term
talocrural articulation
Definition
Distal Tibia and Fibula articulating with the Talus
Hinge Synovial Joint
Joint Capsule encloses the joint
Form the “mortise” which articulates with the talus
Term
articular ankle capsule
Definition
fibrous capsule is thin anteriorly and posteriorly; supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments
Term
anterior talofibular (ATF)
Definition
Flat, weak band from the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus
Term
cancaneofibular (CF)
Definition
“a round cord”
Passes posteriorinferiorly from the tip of the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
Term
posterior talofibular (PTF)
Definition
fairly strong band
Passes horizontally and medially from the lateral malleolus to the posterior tubercle of the talus
Term
deltoid ligament
Definition
Large and strong
Attaches proximally to the medial malleolus
Fibers fan out to attach distally to the talus, calcaneus and navicular
Stabilizes the ankle during eversion
Term
anterior compartment of the ankle
Definition
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
Peroneus tertius
Deep peroneal nerve
Anterior tibial artery
(extensor/dorsiflexor compartment)
Term
lateral compartment of the ankle
Definition
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Musculature supplied by the peroneal artery
In the Deep post. Compartment.
(dorsiflexors and everters)
Term
superficial posterior compartment
Definition
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibial Nerve and Posterior Tibial Artery
(plantarflexors)
Term
deep posterior compartment
Definition
Tibialis Posterior
Popliteus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
O: lateral condyle and proximal ½ of lateral surface of tibia
I: medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st MT
A: dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle
N: deep peroneal
Term
extensor hallucis longus
Definition
O: Middle two quarters of the anterior surface of the fibula
I: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
A: Extends the MTP and IP joints of the great toe
N: Deep peroneal
Term
extensor digitorum longus
Definition
O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal ¾ of anterior surface of the body of fibula and the interosseus membrane
I: by four tendons to the digits 2-5 attached to base of middle and distal phalanges
A: extends MTP joints and assists extending the IP joints of digits 2-5, dorsiflexes the ankle
N: Deep Peroneal
Term
extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
O: Supero-lateral surface of the calcaneus
I: 4 Tendons into the proximal phalanx of the great toe and the long extensor tendons of the 2nd,3rd, and 4th digits.
A: Toe Extension
N: Deep Peroneal
Term
peroneus tertius
Definition
O: distal 1/3 of anterior surface of the fibula
I: dorsal surface, base of 5th MT
A: elevates the base of the 5th metatarsal; dorsiflexes and everts the foot
N: Deep Peroneal
Term
peroneus longus
Definition
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I: Lateral side of base of 1st MT and of medial cuneiform
A: Everts foot, assists in plantarflexion, depresses 1st MT
N: Superficial Peroneal
Term
peroneus brevis
Definition
O: distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
I: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
A: Everts foot and assists in plantarflexion
N: Superficial Peroneal
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
O: Posterior parts of medial and lateral femoral condyles
I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Primary ankle plantarflexor, secondary knee flexor
N: Tibial nerve
Term
soleus
Definition
O: Posterior surfaces of the head of the fibula and soleal line
I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Plantarflexor of ankle
N: Tibial nerve
because of the origin this is considered a muscle of the knee but the primary action is at the ankle
Term
plantaris
Definition
O: Distal end of lateral supracondylar line
I: posterior calcaneus
A: works with gastrocnemius to plantarflex the ankle and assist in flexion of the knee
N: tibial nerve
Term
tibialis posterior
Definition
O: Most of interosseous membrane, lateral portion of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula
I: Navicular tuberosity, cunieforms, cuboid and the bases of the 2-4 mets
A: Plantarflexes and inverts the ankle
N: Tibial
Term
popliteus
Definition
O: Anterior lateral surface of the condyle of femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia near Soleal line.
A: Internal rotation of knee joint, unlocks extended knee, weak knee flexor
N: Tibial nerve
Term
flexor digitorum longus
Definition
O: Middle 3/5 of posterior surface of body of tibia
I: Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flexes proximal and distal IP and MTP joints of digits 2-5, assists with plantarflexion
N: Tibial
Term
flexor hallicus longus
Definition
O: Posterior surface of distal 2/3 of fibula and interosseus membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe (plantar surface)
A: Flexes the great toe
N: Tibial
Term
talus
Definition
saddle shaped; Superior and medial surface of the talus articulates with the tibia (trochlear surface), laterally with the fibula, and anteriorly with the navicular; no muscle attachments
Term
calcaneus
Definition
articulates w/ talus to make subtalar joint
Term
navicular
Definition
located between head of talus and three cuneiform bones; tubercle along medial inferior surface of navicular is for attachment of tibialis posterior; easily palpated
Term
cuboid
Definition
found along lateral midfoot posterior to the fifth metatarsal; articulates w calcaneus, 3rd cuneiform, fourth and fifth metatarsal; lateral groove for peroneus longus tendon; together with navicular makes up proximal midfoot
Term
cuneiforms
Definition
distal bones of midfoot; posteriorly articulate w/ navicular bone; anteriorly articulate w the 1st 2nd 3rd metatarsels, 3rd lateral cuneiform articulates w cuboid laterally;
Term
metatarsels
Definition
five miniature long bones of the foot; divided into a base proximally, shaft (body) and head distally; proximally articulate with the three cuneiform bones and cuboid; articulate distally with the proximal phalanx of the digits
Term
phalanges
Definition
14 of these in the foot
Term
medual longitudinal arch
Definition
bony configuration that consists of calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and first 3 metatarsels (sesamoids); higher on this side
Term
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Definition
spring ligament; most important ligament in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch
Term
lateral longitudinal arch
Definition
much more rigid to transmit propulsive forces; Bony configuration consists of: calcaneus, cuboid and the 4th & 5th metatarsals; Ligamentous support from the short and long plantar ligaments
Term
transverse arch
Definition
"anterior arch" bony configuration consists of: MT heads 1-5 including sesmoids (arch I); cuneiforms 1-3 and cuboid (arch II); navicular and cuboid (arch III)
Term
subtalar joint
Definition
Joint between the body of the talus and the superior surface of the calcaneus; articular capsule
Term
midtarsal joint
Definition
Sometimes referred to as the transverse tarsal joint
Talocalcanealnavicular and calcaneocuboid joints
Term
talocalcaneal ligaments
Definition
add support to the weak fibrous capsule
Term
deltoid ligament
Definition
large and strong, attaches proximally to the medial malleolus; fibers fan out to attach distally to the talus, calcaneus and navicular
Term
long plantar ligament
Definition
longest ligament in the foot, originates from calcaneus and cuboid and inserts on 3rd 4th 5th MTs and occasionally 2nd and forms the funnel for peroneus longus tendon to pass through on plantar aspect
Term
plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
Definition
directly beneath the long plantar ligament
often referred to as the short plantar ligament; Extends from the anterior aspect of the inferior surface of the calcaneus to the inferior surface of the cuboid
Term
first layer of intrinsic foot musculature
Definition
abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
Term
second layer of intrinsic foot musculature
Definition
Quadratus plantae
lumbricales
Term
third layer of intrinsic foot musculature
Definition
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
Term
fourth layer of intrinsic foot musculature
Definition
dorsal interossei
plantar interossei
extensor digitorum brevis (dorsum of foot)
Term
abductor digiti minimi
Definition
A: abducts 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve
Term
abductor hallucis
Definition
A: abducts the great toe
I: medial plantar nerve
Term
flexor digitorum brevis
Definition
A: flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints
N: medial plantar nerve
Term
quadratus plantae
Definition
A: assists in line of pull for FDL tendons
N: lateral plantar nerve
Term
lumbricals
Definition
A: flexes MTP joints
N: medial one- medial plantar nerve; lateral three- lateral plantar nerve
Term
flexor hallucis brevis
Definition
A: flexes the MTP joint of great toe
N: medial plantar nerve
Term
adductor hallucis
Definition
A: Adducts the great toe, helps maintain medial arch of foot
N: lateral plantar nerve
Term
flexor digiti minimi
Definition
A: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve
Term
plantar interossei
Definition
A: adduct digits 3-5
I: lateral plantar nerve
Term
dorsal interossei
Definition
A: abducts digits 2-4
N: lateral plantar nerve
Term
extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
A: Toe Extension
N: Deep Peroneal
Term
femoral nerve
Definition
Passes under the inguinal ligament to supply the the iliacus, pectineus and sartorius and quadriceps femoris; arises from lumbar plexus L2-L4
Term
obturator nerve
Definition
arises from lumbar plexus roots L2-L4, enters thigh through obturator foramen; sensory to the skin over the distal medial thigh
Term
sciatic nerve
Definition
arises from sacral plexus roots L4-S3, enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle; innervates hamstrings; supplies all muscles of posterior compartment (not gluteals)
Term
common peroneal nerve
Definition
divides into Deep – Anterior Compartment
Superficial – Peroneal Compartment
Also supplies a branch to the Sural Nerve
Term
deep peroneal nerve
Definition
descends lower leg in anterior compartment; supplies anterior compartment muscles and skin in region; begins between fibular head and peroneus longus then runs inferomedial along the fibula deep to the EDL with the ant tibial artery
Term
superficial peronea
Definition
descends in lateral compartment of leg, supplies peroneus longus and brevis, supplies skin on distal anterior portion of leg and dorsum of foot as well as most of the digits
Term
tibial nerve
Definition
arises from sciatic nerve at apex of popliteal fossa; runs through popliteal space along tibialis posterior muscle, the length of the lower leg and terminates under flexor retinaculum where it divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves; supplies all muscles of posterior compartment of the leg
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