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Anatomy Exam 2
Cytology and Mitosis
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/12/2013

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Term
Function of Nucleus
Definition
Controls all cell activities and functions.
Term
Structure of Nucleus
Definition
Spherical
Middle of cell
Contains DNA in the form of chromatin.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Thin fibers of DNA that become chromosomes when the cell divides
Term
Structure of Nucleolus
Definition
Dense RNA and protein
Term
Function of Nucleolus
Definition
Site of ribosome formation (ribosome synthesis)
Term
Structure of Cytoplasm
Definition
Made up of the protein call cytosol.
Jelly-like
Term
Function of Cytoplasm
Definition
Gives cell shape
Holds organelles in place
All biochemistry occurs here
Term
Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Elongated canals and fluid-filled vessels
Rough: Ribosomes attached to surface
Smooth: Lacks ribosomes
Term
Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Transports substances around inside of the cell
Term
Structure of Ribosomes
Definition
Spherical
Contain enzymes that like amino acids together.
Term
Function of Ribosomes
Definition
Protein synthesis
Term
Structure of Golgi Apparatus
Definition
6 Flattened sacs (cisternae)
Term
Function of Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Packages and modifies substances to be secreted from a cell
Term
Structure of Mitochondria
Definition
Elongated sacs with small DNA strand
Contain enzymes for conversion of energy
Term
Function of Mitochondria
Definition
Convert energy released from food to ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)using oxygen
Term
Structure of Vacuoles (Vesicles)
Definition
Double membrane sac
Term
Function of Vacuoles (Vesicles)
Definition
Transport substances inside and outside cells
Term
Structure of Lysosomes
Definition
Spherical
Contain digestive enzymes
Term
Function of Lysosomes
Definition
Breaks down substance and cell debris inside of cell
Term
Structure of Peroxisomes
Definition
Spherical
Contain digestive enzymes
Found only in kidney, liver, and spleen
Term
Function of Peroxisomes
Definition
Break down toxins, alcohol, and other substances in blood
Term
Structure of Microtubules
Definition
Long, rigid tubes made of a protein called tubulin
Cytoskeleton (rigid)
Term
Function of Microtubules
Definition
Support and movement (flagella)
Term
Structure of Centrioles
Definition
2 pairs per cell
Hollow cylinders made of microtubules
Term
Function of Centrioles
Definition
distribute chromosomes during cell division
Term
Structure of Cilia and Flagella
Definition
Motile extensions of cell membrane
Term
Function of Cilia
Definition
Move substances across cell membrane
Term
Function of Flagella
Definition
Move entire cell
Term
Structure of Cell Membrane
Definition
2 layers of phospholipids (Lipid Bilayer)
Soft
Term
Function of Cell Membrane
Definition
Selectively permeable membrane
Receptors on surface for binding substances.
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