Term
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Definition
| enlongated cells specialized for contraction |
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Term
types of muscle
-appearance |
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Definition
skeletal muscle - striated
cardiac muscle-striated + intercalated discs
smooth muscle- non-striated |
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Term
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Definition
| dense connective tissue sheath covering the entire muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| derives from the epimysium, surrounds the bundles or fascicles of muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| delicate layer of reticular fibers and extracellular matrix surrounding each muscle cell |
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Term
| plasma membrane of muscle cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contained within the sarcolemma, concerned with muscle regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| finger like processes that project from the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm, connecting with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its abundant calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| site of contact of the T tubule with the sarcoplasmic reticulum, consisting of 2 lateral sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum and a cetnral T tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| contain sarcosomes(mitochondria) and composed of thin filament(actin) and thick filament(myosin) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the myofibril exclusively containing actin, the light band |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the myfibril exclusively containing myosin, forming the dark band |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle, between the z lines |
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Term
| mechanism of muscle contraction |
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Definition
-thin and thick filaments do not change length
-length of sarcomere decreases because filaments slide past each other |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac muscle cells
branched cylinders about 85-100 um long and 15 um wide,
-single centrally located nucleus |
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Term
| where are t tubules found in cardiac muscle |
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Definition
| at the level of the z disc |
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Term
| where are t tubules found in skeletal muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| describes where/how the T tubule interacts with the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized junctional complexes between cardiocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| rhythmic contraction coordinated locally by specialized cardiac conduction cells. The specialized cells are organized into nodes and fibers called Purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| ischemia to the myocardium caused by an obstruction of an atherosclerotic coronary artery |
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Term
| time without blood supply for irreversible damage to cardiocytes |
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Definition
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Term
smooth muscle -
-where found? |
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Definition
| -found in walls of gut, bile duct , ureters, urinary bladder , respiratory tract , uterus and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
spindle shaped tapering cells with central nucleus
-contains thin and think filaments, and intermediate filaments that attach to dense bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| invaginations of the plasma membrane in smooth muscle that act as a primitive T tubule system |
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Term
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Definition
| link smooth muscle cells, and permit synchronous contraction |
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Term
what surrounds smooth muscle cells?
what purpose does it serve? |
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Definition
-basal lamina
-transmits forces produced by each cell |
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Term
| smooth muscle mechanism of contraction |
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Definition
specialized for slow, prolonged contraction
-no sarcomere-organization
-no troponin, but tropomyosin
-calcium derived from outside of the cell
-actin and myosin filaments attach to dense bodies attached to the plasma membrane, and these connection determine cell shortening |
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Term
| Smooth muscle : Renewal and Repair |
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Definition
- cells are capable of dividing
- in the uterus, proliferates during pregnancy under the influence of hormones . |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral ganglia, nerves and nerve ending |
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Term
| functional classification of nerves |
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Definition
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
-neurons(principle)
-glial cells(supporting) |
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Term
| 3 main categories of neurons |
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Definition
-sensory neurons
-motor neurons
-interneurons or intercalated neurons |
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Term
| classification of neurons based on number of neurons |
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Definition
-multipolar
-bipolar
-pseudounipolar |
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Term
| functional components of neurons |
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Definition
| cell body, axon, dendrites |
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Term
| contents of neuron cell body |
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Definition
-nucleus with nucleolus
-mitochondria
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-free ribosomes |
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Term
| stained neuron endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
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Term
| direction of impulse through neuron |
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Definition
| synapse -> dendrites ->cell body ->axon ->synapse |
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Term
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Definition
specialized junctions
*neuron-neuron
*neuron-effector organ
conduction achieved by release of neurotransmitters |
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Term
| supporting cells in the PNS |
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Definition
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Term
| supporting cells in the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
peripheral neuroglia
-role
-types |
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Definition
-supporting cells in the PNS
-include
1.schwann cells
2. satellite cells
3. certain cells in the motor end plate
4. certain cells inthe retina
5. certain ganglia in the alimentary canal |
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Term
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Definition
-produce myelin sheath that surrounds the axon and ensures rapid conduction
- multiple schwann cells myelinate the axon, with nodes of ranvier at each junction |
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Term
| satellite cells in neuron |
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Definition
| surround the neuronal cell bodies of the ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
-astorcytes
-oligodendrocytes
-microglia
-ependymal cells |
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Term
| Peripheral nerve organization |
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Definition
-each nerve is composed of many nerve fibers collected into fascicles. Fascicles are enclosed within an EPINEURIUM. Each individual fascicle is surrounded by a perineurium.
Each individual nerve fiber has its own ENDONEURIUM |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds each individual nerve fiber, and is composed of collagenous and reticular fibers with fibroblasts and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
surrounds each fascicle/bundle of nerve fibers.
-outer layer: connective tissue
-inner layer: flattened epitheloid cells |
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Term
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Definition
-axons of the PNS can regenerate. CNS cannot
due to inability of glial cells in the CNS to phagocytose the myelin debris fast enough |
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Term
| neuronal injury series of events |
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Definition
| axonal degeneration and neural regeneration |
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Term
| when nerve axon is cut... |
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Definition
| muscles are paralyzed and atrophy. |
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Term
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Definition
scar formation in CNS
-astrocytes near the lesion are activated, divide and hypertrophy, and result in a permanent scar called a PLAQUE |
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