Term
| Subcostal plane: location |
|
Definition
| Transverse plane at inferior border of 10th rib |
|
|
Term
| Transtubercular plane: location and vertebral level |
|
Definition
| Transverse plane through iliac tubercules; L5 |
|
|
Term
| Midclavicular plane: location |
|
Definition
| Sagittal plane from mid-clavicle to inguinal line |
|
|
Term
| 9 abdominal regions created by what planes (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Subcostal, 2) transtubercular, 3) left midclavicular, 4) right midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Right hypochondriac region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Superior to subcostal, lateral to right midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Epigastric region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Superior to subcostal, medial to midclaviculars |
|
|
Term
| Left hypochondriac region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Superior to subcostal, lateral to left midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Right lumbar region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Middle to subcostal and transtubercular, lateral to right midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Umbilical region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Middle to subcostal and transtubercular, medial to midclaviculars |
|
|
Term
| Left lumbar region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Middle to subcostal and transtubercular, lateral to left midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Right inguinal region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Inferior to transtubercular, lateral to right midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Suprapublic region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Inferior to transtubercular, medial to midclaviculars |
|
|
Term
| Left inguinal region: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Inferior to transtubercular, lateral to left midclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Transumbilical plane: location and verbetral level |
|
Definition
| Transverse plane through umbilicus; L3-4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sagittal plane through the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| 4 abdominal quadrants created by what planes (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Transumbilical, 2) median |
|
|
Term
| Right upper quadrant: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Superior to transumbilical, right of median |
|
|
Term
| Left upper quadrant: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Superior to transumbilical, left of median |
|
|
Term
| Right lower quadrant: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Inferior to transumbilical, right of median |
|
|
Term
| Left lower quadrant: relationship to planes |
|
Definition
| Inferior to transumbilical, left of median |
|
|
Term
| Which region system is used for general clinical descriptions: 4- or 9-region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Ext. oblique, 2) Int. oblique, 3) transversus abdominis, 4) rectus abdominis, 5) pyramidalis |
|
|
Term
| Which is composed of fat: Camper's or Scarpa's fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is membranous: Camper's or Scarpa's fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is superficial: Camper's or Scarpa's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is deep: Camper's or Scarpa's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Camper's and Scarpa's fascia forms a ____ space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External oblique: S.L. to I.M. or S.M. to I.L. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal oblique: S.L. to I.M. or S.M. to I.L. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External oblique interdigitates with what muscle laterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial border of external oblique m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior border of external oblique m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endpoints of the inguinal ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is superficial: Ext. or int. oblique m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is deep: Ext. or Int. oblique m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectus abdominis has multiple tendinous joints: why |
|
Definition
| Result of somite segmentation |
|
|
Term
| Medial aspect of transversus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior border of rectus abdominis: rib # |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior attachment of rectus abdomnis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral attachment of pyramidalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior attachment of pyramidalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is superficial: rectus abdominis or pyramidalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is deep: rectus abdominis or pyramidalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracoabdominal nn. are extensions of what nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracoabdominal nn. are from what vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches of the thoracoabdominal nn. (2) |
|
Definition
| Anterior and lateral cutaneous br. |
|
|
Term
| Subcostal n. from what vertebra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iliohypogastric n. from what vertebra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dermatome of iliohypogastric n. (3 areas) |
|
Definition
| 1) Suprapublic, 2) medial thigh, 3) lateral scrotum/labia majora |
|
|
Term
| Lateral abdomen vascular supply |
|
Definition
| Intercostal and thoracoabdominal branches |
|
|
Term
| Medial abdomen vascular supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasalva's maneuver for what bodily functions (4+) |
|
Definition
| Coughing, urination, defecation, parturition |
|
|
Term
| Aponeurosis of which muscle splits around rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aponeurosis of which muscle is always anterior of rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aponeurosis of which muscle switches from posterior to anterior of rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aponeuroses of which muscles are (entirely or in part) anterior of rectus abdominis superiorly |
|
Definition
| External oblique, Internal oblique |
|
|
Term
| Aponeuroses of which muscles are (entirely or in part) posterior of rectus abdominis superiorly |
|
Definition
| Internal oblique, transversus abdominis |
|
|
Term
| Aponeuroses of which muscles are (entirely or in part) anterior of rectus abdominis inferiorly |
|
Definition
| External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis |
|
|
Term
| Aponeuroses of which muscles are (entirely or in part) posterior of rectus abdominis inferiorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where all aponeuroses of Ext. oblique, Int. oblique, & transversus abdominis move anterior (superiorly to inferiorly) |
|
|
Term
| Line in which all aponeuroses of abdominal muslces move anterior (superiorly to inferiorly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral umbilical fold contains |
|
Definition
| Inferior epigastric vessels |
|
|
Term
| Vessels running through rectus abdominis m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial umbilical fold contains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Median umbilical fold contains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior epigastrics in what fold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obliterated umbilical a. in what fold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inguinal carries what in male and female |
|
Definition
| Spermatic cord, round ligament |
|
|
Term
| Spermatic cord equivalent in female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Round ligament equivalent in male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superficial arch of inguinal canal formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Middle arch of inguinal canal formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep arch of inguinal canal formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is medial: inferior epigastric vessles or deep arch of inguinal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is lateral: inferior epigastric vessles or deep arch of inguinal canal |
|
Definition
| Deep arch of inguinal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous cord that connects gonads to scrotum/labium majus |
|
|
Term
| What cord connects gonads to scrotum/labium majus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External spermatic fascia from what |
|
Definition
| External oblique aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Internal spermatic fascia from what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect hernia is usually: congenital or acquired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct hernia is usually: congenital or acquired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect hernia is usually: patent or formed processes vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Patent processes vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| Direct hernia is usually: patent or formed processes vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Formed processes vaginais |
|
|
Term
| Indirect hernia is usually: enters scrotum or near conjoint tendon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct hernia is usually: enters scrotum or near conjoint tendon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect hernia: medial or lateral to I. hypogastric vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct hernia: medial or lateral to I. hypogastric vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpable through superficial inguinal ring during cough: indirect or direct hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most often happens in males: indirect or direct hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Celiac trunk: foregut, midgut, or hindgut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S. mesenteric a.: foregut, midgut, or hindgut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| I. mesenteric a.: foregut, midgut, or hindgut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertension upstream of liver diverts flow through anastamoses |
|
|
Term
| Portal-caval anastomses (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Gastroesophageal; 2) anaorectal; 3) paraumbilical; 4) retroperitoneal |
|
|
Term
| Gastroesophageal portal-caval anastomeses of what vessels |
|
Definition
| Esophageal & left gastric |
|
|
Term
| Anorectal portal-caval anastomeses of what vessels |
|
Definition
| Inferior/middle rectal & superior rectal |
|
|
Term
| Paraumbilical portal-caval anastomeses of what vessels |
|
Definition
| Superficial epigastric & paraumbilical |
|
|
Term
| Retroperitoneal portal-caval anastomeses of what vessels |
|
Definition
| Retroperitoneal lumbar & right/left colics + ileocolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Esophagus, 2) stomach, 3) liver, 4) gallbladder, 5) pancreas, 6) spleen, 7) 2/3 of duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Distal duodenum, 2) jejunum, 3) ileum, 4) cecum, 5) ascending colon, 6) transverse colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Descending colon, 2) sigmoid colon, 3) anorectal canal |
|
|
Term
| Greater omentum connects what |
|
Definition
| Greater curvature of stomach & transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| Lesser omentum connects what |
|
Definition
| Lesser curvature of stomach & inferior liver |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments formed by lesser omentum (2) |
|
Definition
| Hepatoduodenual & heptogastric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main part of peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posterior to stomach via epiploic foramen of Winslow |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of foregut (nerve & ganglion) |
|
Definition
| Greater splanchnic through celiac trunk ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of midgut (nerve & ganglion) |
|
Definition
| Lesser splanchnic through superior mesenteric ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of hindgut (nerves (3) & ganglion) |
|
Definition
| 1) Least splanchnic, 2) Lumbar splanchnic, 3) sacral splanchnics through inferior mesenteric ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Retroperitoneal viscera (6 not counting pairs as 2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Kidneys, 2) adrenal glands, 3) part of pancreas, 4) part of duodenum, 5) ascending colon, 6) descending colon |
|
|
Term
| Celiac trunk branches (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Left gastric, 2) splenic, 3) common hepatic |
|
|
Term
| Superior mesenteric a. branches (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) Middle colic, 2) Ileal aa., 3) jejunal aa., 4) right colic, 5) ileocolic, 6) appendicular |
|
|
Term
| Inferior mesenteric a. branches (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Left colic, 2) sigmoid aa., 3) superior rectal |
|
|
Term
| Superior mesenteric v. drains into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior mesenteric v. drains into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior mesenteric v. and then becomes hepatic portal vein |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal lymphatics follow: arterial or venous tree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Esophagus passthrough what of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| Esophageal hiatus of right crus |
|
|
Term
| Entrance of esophagus into stomach: ____ line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Esophagus through diaphram at what vertebral level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ligaments with the stomach (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Gastrosplenic, 2) hepatogastric |
|
|
Term
| Forms of hiatal herniation (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Sliding, 2) paraesophageal |
|
|
Term
| Sliding hiatal herniation |
|
Definition
| Cardia, maybe fundus, peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| Paraesophageal hiatal herniation |
|
Definition
| Peritoneum, maybe fundus, anterior to esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Parts of duodenum (4; proximal to distal) |
|
Definition
| 1) superior, 2) descending, 3) horizontal, 4) ascending |
|
|
Term
| Parts of duodenum that are retroperitoneal |
|
Definition
| 1) Descending, 2) horizontal |
|
|
Term
| Duodenum vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is possibly torn in an MVA leading to splenic hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tearing of splenorenal ligmants can lead to what |
|
Definition
| Splenic injury and hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Location where bile is produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location where bile is stored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expelling of bile from gallbladder is: PSNS or SNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of pancreas without posterior peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Access to body of pancreas through what |
|
Definition
| Epiploic foramen of Winslow |
|
|
Term
| Body of pancreas at what vertebral level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location where common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral of what ribs mark spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lobes of liver (4; largest to smallest) |
|
Definition
| 1) Right, 2) left, 3) quadrate, 4) caudate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Falciform, 2) right triangular, 3) left triangular, 4) teres, 5) coronary, 6) hepatoduodenal, 7) hepatogastric |
|
|
Term
| Blood flow into liver: __% hepatic portal v. & ___% hepatic aa. |
|
Definition
| 70% hepatic portal v. & 30% hepatic aa. |
|
|
Term
| Hepatoduodenal contents (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Hepatic portal v., 2) hepatic a., 3) bile duct |
|
|
Term
| Deeper red: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pale pink: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long vasa recta: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short vasa recta: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Few large arcades: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many short arcades: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upper left quadrant: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lower right quadrant: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Few lymphoid tissues: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many lymphoid tissues: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many internal surface folds: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Few internal surface folds: jejunum vs. ileum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teniae coli are shorter than colon and therefore make |
|
Definition
| Haustra separated by semilunar folds |
|
|
Term
| Cecum has ____ but no _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of mesentery around appendix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| McBurney/sppinoumbilical point |
|
Definition
| 1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Left/hepatic, 2) right/splenic |
|
|
Term
| Kidney that is more inferior: [L] or [R] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidneys at what vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hilum of kidney at what vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Cortex, 2) medulla, 3) pyramid, 4) papilla, 5) minor calyx, 6) major calyx, 7) pelvis, 8) ureter |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the adrenal gland (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Capsule, 2) cortex, 3) medulla |
|
|
Term
| Arteries of adrenal gland (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Superior suprarenal, 2) middle suprarenal, 3) inferior suprarenal |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of adrenal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Median arguate ligament surrounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial arcuate ligament covers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral arcuate ligament covers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diaphragm crura: which is larger: [L] or [R] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right crus of diaphragm attachment vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left crus of diaphragm attachment vertebral levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves go through diaphragm crura (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Greater, 2) lesser, 3) least splanchnics |
|
|
Term
| Caval opening conveys what (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Inferior vena cava, 2) phrenic nn., 3) lymphatics |
|
|
Term
| Caval opening at what vertebral level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Esophageal hiatus conveys what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Esophagus, 2) vagus nn. |
|
|
Term
| Esophageal hiatus at what vertebral level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic hiatus conveys what (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Aorta, 3) azygos v., 3) thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| Aortic hiatus at what vertebral level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weakning of arterial wall; ballooning in size |
|
|
Term
| Lateral folding makes ____ suspended from _____ |
|
Definition
| Gut tube suspended from dorsal mesentery |
|
|
Term
| Midgut attached to ____ after folding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Pharnygeal, 2) foregut, 3) midgut, 4) hindgut |
|
|
Term
| Diverticula from gut tube forms (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Lungs, 2) liver, 3) gallbladder, 4) pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Tracheoesophageal fistulas and atresias |
|
Definition
| Caused by abnormal septation |
|
|
Term
| Type I alveolar cells do: gas exchange or surfactant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type II alveolar cells do: gas exchange or surfactant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of alveoli present at birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Centron tendon of diaphragm from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventral side of septum transversum becomes what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsal side of septum transversum becomes what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Falciform ligament forms from what (location & structure) |
|
Definition
| Ventral side of septum transversum |
|
|
Term
| Lesser omentum forms from what (location & structure) |
|
Definition
| Dorsal side of septum transversum |
|
|
Term
| Liver forms from what paracrine signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pancreas starts as how many diverticula and from what |
|
Definition
| 2 (ventral & dorsal) from gut tube (duodenum) |
|
|
Term
| Two rotations of stomach forms |
|
Definition
| 1) Greater curvature, 2) pyloras medial & fundus lateral |
|
|
Term
| Rotation moves lesser omentum from what plane to what plane |
|
Definition
| Sagittal to coronal planes |
|
|
Term
| Greater omentum: dorsal or ventral mesentery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesser omentum: dorsal or ventral mesentery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small intestine grows into what due to lack of space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary intestinal loop rotates ___¡ CW or CCW |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Midgut remains attached to yolk sac via |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grows to become the perineal body and separate GI from UG systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terminal rectum formed by invagination, thus creating the _____ line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pectinate line forms from _____ the terminal rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory distress syndrome from deficiency of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal creation of treachea results in what to the esophagus (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result of a 90¡ CW rotation of gut; normal or abnormal result |
|
Definition
| Small and large intestines next to each other |
|
|
Term
| Result of a 270¡ CW rotation of gut; normal or abnormal result |
|
Definition
| Puts transverse colon posterior to duodenum |
|
|
Term
| Result of a 270¡ CCW rotation of gut; normal or abnormal result |
|
Definition
| Puts transverse colon anterior to duodenum; normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure of the midgut to return to the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure of the body wall closure followed by gut herniation (para-umbilical) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Poor blood supply causes true atresias or ligamental atreasias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Poor blood supply causes stenosis of the intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patent portion of vitelline duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cyst midway along vitelline ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patent vitelline duct through to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| Most common vitelline duct defect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ilium, ischium, pubis articulate to form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narrowest axis of pelvic brim |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narrowest axis of pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic floor muscles (6; "levator ani" not one of them) |
|
Definition
| 1) Piriformis, 2) obturator internus, 3) pubococcygeus, 4) iliococcygeus, 5) puborectalis, 6) coccygeus |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments that create the greater & lesser sciatic foramen (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Sacrospinous, 2) sacrotuberous ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Perinum diamond defined by what landmarks (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Public symphsis, 2) left ischial tuberosity, 3) coccyx, 4) right ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| Somatic muscle in the anal triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatic muscle in the deep perineal space |
|
Definition
| External urethral sphincter |
|
|
Term
| Separates superficial & deep perineal spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic viscera innervation: SNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic viscera innervation: PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph drainage of pelvic viscera |
|
Definition
| Internal iliac lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Lymph drainage of pelvic somatics |
|
Definition
| Superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Out greater sciatic foramen, in lesser sciatic foramen, along obturator internus |
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that is deeper & narrower: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that is shallower & wider: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a smaller infrapubic angle: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a larger infrapubic angle: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a smaller infraspinous distance: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a larger infraspinous distance: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a heart shape: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvis that has a rounded shape: male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Inferior vesical, 2) middle rectal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Superior rectal (from I. mesenteric), 2) middle rectal, 3) inferior rectal |
|
|
Term
| Artery for piriformis (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Lateral sacral, 2) inferior gluteal |
|
|
Term
| Artery for urinary bladder (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Superior vesical, 2) inferior vesical |
|
|
Term
| Artery for lumbar muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Space between urinary bladder & uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Space between uterus & rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ureter is what to gonadal artery: superior or inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ureter is what to vaginal artery: superior or inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidney stones are most commonly found in ureter, where (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Ureteropelvic junction (at renal pelvis), 2) crossing of iliac vessels, 3) ureterovesical junction (at bladder) |
|
|
Term
| What is at urinary bladder apex |
|
Definition
| Median umbilical ligament |
|
|
Term
| What is at urinary bladder base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is at urinary bladder neck |
|
Definition
| Internal urethral orifice |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the urinary bladder (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinary bladder muscle name |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Detrusor m. is found where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth triangle part of urinary bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacity of urinary bladder when feeling "awareness" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacity of urinary bladder when feeling "discomfort" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacity of urinary bladder when feeling "loss of control" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinary tract infections more common in female, why (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Shorter urethra, 2) external urethral meatus morphology |
|
|
Term
| Approximate length of male urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximate length of female urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpable anatomy through rectum (10) |
|
Definition
| 1) Prostate, 2) seminal vesicles, 3) cervix, 4) coccyx, 5) sacrum, 6) ischial spines, 7) ischial tuberosities, 8) inflamed ureter, 9) inflamed lymph nodes, 10) abscesses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of puborectalis m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tonic contraction of internal anal sphincter: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxation of internal anal sphincter: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ridges from anal veins aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pockets where mucus secretions build up in anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proximal to pectinate line: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distal to pectinate line: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breakdown of mucosa: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thromboses in rectal plexu: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vessels prolapse through anal canal: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Impaired venous return: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Less painful: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More painful: internal or external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic SNS nerve sources (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Least splanchnics, 2) lumbar splanchnics, 3) sacral splanchnics |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic PSNS nerve sources (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraction of detrusor m.: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxation of detrusor m.: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraction of internal urethral sphincter: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden/unexpected contractions of detrusor m. via SNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uncontrolled leakage of urine during physical exertion |
|
|
Term
| Kegel exercises help with what urinary condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common post-childbirth urinary problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urine retention possibly from damage to which: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of detrusor m. contraction or urethral sphincter relaxation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidney systems that develop in an embryo (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Pronephros, 2) mesonephros, 3) uteric bud |
|
|
Term
| Which kidney system develops into the real kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uteric bud becomes ____ through ____ of urinary system |
|
Definition
| Ureter through collecting ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure to ascend and remains in pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fusion of metanephric blastema to form one kidney around aorta |
|
|
Term
| Limits ascension of horseshoe kidney |
|
Definition
| Superior mesenteric a. off of aorta |
|
|
Term
| Polycystic kidney has two forms |
|
Definition
| 1) Recessive, 2) dominant |
|
|
Term
| Recessive polycystic kidney has 2 features |
|
Definition
| 1) Renal failure in infnacy, 2) cysts from collecting ducts |
|
|
Term
| Dominant polycystic kidney has 2 features |
|
Definition
| 1) Renal failure in adulthood, 2) cysts from anywhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Dual ureters, 2) communication with vagina or urethra |
|
|
Term
| Urinary bladder develops from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trigone develops from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the trigone form |
|
Definition
| After uteric bud separates from and migrates away from mesonephric duct |
|
|
Term
| Seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct develop from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate develops from what structure |
|
Definition
| Mesonephric duct at base of urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| Cloaca is divided by what structure to divide UG and GI systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urorectal divides what two structures (specific) |
|
Definition
| Urogenital sinus & hindgut |
|
|
Term
| Urorectal septal defects (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Urorectal fistula, 2) rectovagnal fistula, 3) rectoperineal fistula, 4) rectal atresia with anal membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Urachal fistula, 2) urachal cyst, 3) urachal sinus |
|
|
Term
| Relationship: genital ridge from mesonephros |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Germ cells in male migrates to ____ and fills: medulla or cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Germ cells in female migrates to ____ and fills: medulla or cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesonephric duct in males becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesonephric duct in females becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paramesonephric duct in males becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paramesonephric duct in females becomes |
|
Definition
| Pretty much everything: upper vagina, cervix, uterus, salpinges, ovaries |
|
|
Term
| Paramesonephric ducts fuse medially through growth of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fusion of what forms a single vagina and single uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesonephric duct remnants in females (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Epoophoron, 2) paroophoron, 3) Gartner's cyst |
|
|
Term
| 2/3 of vagina formed from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinovaginal bulbs form what portion of vagina (location and amount) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paramesonephric ducts form what portion of vagina (location and amount) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uterine abnormalities from incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) Uterus didelphys with double vagina, 2) uterus arcuatus (indentation), 3) uterus bicornis, 4) uterus bicornis unicollis, 5) atresia of cervix, 6) artresia of [proximal] vagina |
|
|
Term
| Root molecular differentiators of male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Root molecular differentiators of female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penis forms from fusion of what structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incomplete fusion of urethral folds causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete fusion of urethral folds |
|
|
Term
| Urethral folds become these in female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Female pseudohermaphrodism |
|
Definition
| Abnormal secretion of male sex hormones leading to masculinization |
|
|
Term
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
|
Definition
| Looks female due to insensitivity of androgens; genetically male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure in descent of testes at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Bubble" left in closing ends of vaginalis process |
|
|
Term
| Major erectile tissue of male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corpus spongiosum directly associated with 3 other structures |
|
Definition
| 1) Urethra, 2) bulb of penis, 3) glans penis |
|
|
Term
| Erectile tissues of female (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Crura of clitoris, 2) glans of clitoris, 3) bulbs of vestibule |
|
|
Term
| Engorgement of labia due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilation of blood vessels during erection: SNS or PSNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greater vestibular gland aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bulboruethral gland: superficial or deep perineal space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greater vestibular gland: superficial or deep perineal space |
|
Definition
| Superficial perineal space |
|
|
Term
| Muscles in the perineum (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Bulbospongiosus, 2) ischiocavernosus, 3) superficial transverse perineal, 4) deep transverse perineal, 5) urethrovaginal sphincter |
|
|
Term
| Deep perineal space contains what in female not in male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep perineal space contains what in male not in female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep perineal space contains what in male and female (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) External urethral sphincter, 2) deep transverse perineal m. |
|
|
Term
| Arteries of the internal pudendal (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Inferior rectal, 2) dorsal a. of the penis/clitoris, 3) deep a. of the penis/clitoris, 4) a. of the bulb, 5) posterior scrotal/labial branches |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of somatic structures in perineum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of skin of perineum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of erectile tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland lies between prostate and rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ductus deferens to ureter: superior or inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ureter to ductus deferens: superior or inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seminal vesicle contribute ___% to semen in total volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 70% of semen volume contributed by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ejaculatory duct is fed by (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Ampulla of ductus deferens, 2) seminal vesicle |
|
|
Term
| 3 ways into prostatic urethra |
|
Definition
| 1) Internal urethral orifice, 2) ejaculatory ducts, 3) prostatic ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostatic utricle (in prostatic urethra) |
|
|
Term
| Anterior portion of prostate is: fibromuscular or glandular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior portion of prostate is: fibromuscular or glandular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of prostate palpable via digital rectal exam: fibromuscular or glandular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lobe of prostate most common for malignancy: anterior, median, posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lobe of prostate most common for benign prostatic hypertrophy: anterior, median, posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emission mediated by: PSNS, SNS, SoNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ejaculation: contraction of internal urethral sphincter: PSNS, SNS, SoNS |
|
Definition
| SNS (same as in urination) |
|
|
Term
| Ejaculation: contraction of urethral muscle: PSNS, SNS, SoNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ejaculation: contraction of bulbospongiosus m.: PSNS, SNS, SoNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior fornix gives easy access to what fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior fornix gives easy access to what fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pectinate line demarcation of what |
|
Definition
|
|
