Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy Exam 1a
Study cards for the first anatomy exam
232
Anatomy
Professional
09/19/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Right lymphatic duct drains what?
Definition
[R] arm, thorax, neck, head; and liver
Term
Thoracic duct drains what?
Definition
[R] leg; and [L] body
Term
Spinal nerve pairs (total and at each vertebral group)
Definition
31: 8, 12, 5, 5, 1
Term
Ventral spine: sensory or motor
Definition
Motor
Term
Dorsal spine: sensory or motor
Definition
sensory
Term
Dermatome of nipple
Definition
T4
Term
Dermatome of umbilicus
Definition
T10
Term
Dermatome of medial aspect of arm
Definition
T1-2
Term
ANS neuron with myeline: pre- or postganglionic
Definition
preganglionic
Term
ANS neuron without myeline: pre- or postganglionic
Definition
postganglionic
Term
Levels of white rami in SNS
Definition
T1-L2
Term
Levels of grey rami in SNS
Definition
C1-S5
Term
Sympathetic chain runs from __ to __
Definition
C1-S5
Term
Primary neurotransmitter of postganglionic neurons in SNS
Definition
NE
Term
Neurotransmitter of postganglionic neurons in SNS (sweat & smooth muscle in sk. muscle)
Definition
ACh
Term
4 paths SNS preganglionic neurons can take
Definition
1) Ascend; 2) synapse at level; 3) descend; 4) exit as splanchnic nerve
Term
Visceral pain afferents with SNS or PSNS?
Definition
SNS
Term
Visceral distension afferents with SNS or PSNS?
Definition
PSNS
Term
PSNS cranial nerves
Definition
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Term
Pupil constriction: SNS or PSNS
Definition
PSNS
Term
Pupil dilation: SNS or PSNS
Definition
SNS
Term
Increase heart rate: SNS or PSNS
Definition
SNS
Term
Decreate heart rate: SNS or PSNS
Definition
PSNS
Term
CN X aka _______
Definition
Vagus nerve
Term
CN X innervates what?
Definition
neck, heart, lungs, liver, pancrease, foregut and midgut
Term
Endpoint of CN X innevation in gut?
Definition
Splenic/left flexure
Term
Startpoint of sacral PSNS innervation in gut?
Definition
Splenic/left flexure
Term
Neurotransmitter of postganglionic neurons in PSNS
Definition
ACh
Term
Cardiac splanchnic nerves from what levels
Definition
T1-T4 (and up into cervical too)
Term
Cardiac PSNS from what n.?
Definition
Vagus (CN X)
Term
Pectus excavatum
Definition
Sunken chest; most common congential anterior wall defect
Term
Herpes zoster (lives where and does what)
Definition
Virus that lives in DRG that breaks out at the dermatome
Term
Cause of leathery skin of breasts?
Definition
Cancer interference of lymphatics
Term
Cause of orange peel skin of breasts?
Definition
Cancer invades suspensory ligaments
Term
Spinal landmark: manubrium
Definition
T3-4
Term
Spinal landmark: sternal angel
Definition
T4/5
Term
Spinal landmark: tracheal bifurcation
Definition
T4/5
Term
Spinal landmark: inferior floor of aortic arch
Definition
T4/5
Term
Spinal landmark: xiphoid process
Definition
T10
Term
Ribs pectoralis minor inserts
Definition
Ribs 3-5
Term
Innervation of pectoralis minor
Definition
Medial pectoral n.
Term
Artery of pectoralis minor
Definition
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromal a.
Term
Rib subclavius inserts
Definition
Rib 1
Term
Ribs serratus anterior inserts
Definition
Ribs 1-8
Term
Innevation of serratus anterior
Definition
Long thoracic n.
Term
External intercostals: membrenous at anterior or posterior?
Definition
Anterior
Term
External intercostals: fibers S.L. to I.M. or S.M. to I.L.?
Definition
S.L. to I.M.
Term
External intercostals: inspiration or expiration
Definition
Inspiration
Term
Internal intercostals: inspiration or expiration
Definition
Expiration
Term
Internal intercostals: membrenous at anterior or posterior?
Definition
Posterior
Term
Internal intercostals: fibers S.L. to I.M. or S.M. to I.L.?
Definition
S.M. to I.L.
Term
Intercostal innervation & vasculature: vein is superior, middle, or inferior?
Definition
Superior
Term
Intercostal innervation & vasculature: artery is superior, middle, or inferior?
Definition
Middle
Term
Intercostal innervation & vasculature: nerve is superior, middle, or inferior?
Definition
Inferior
Term
Intercostal innervation & vasculature: immediately superficial to which intercostal muscle?
Definition
Innermost intercostal m.
Term
Intercostal innervation & vasculature: immediately deep to which intercostal muscle?
Definition
Inner intercostal m.
Term
Innervation of breast (2)
Definition
Anterior & lateral cutaneous br. of intercostal nn.
Term
Majority of lymph drainage of breast to which lymph nodes
Definition
Axillary nodes
Term
Cancer most likely in which quadrant of breast: superior/inferior + medial/lateral?
Definition
Superior lateral
Term
Cell cycle 1¡ oocytes paused in?
Definition
Prophase I
Term
Cell cycle 2¡ oocytes paused in?
Definition
Metaphase II
Term
2¡ oocyte surrounded in what cells upon ovulation
Definition
Cumulus oophorus cells
Term
Order of segments oocyte travels in Fallopian tube
Definition
Fimbrae > infundibulum > amoulla > isthmus
Term
Layers of oocyte (5)
Definition
Corona radiata > zona pellucida > perivitelline space > plasma membrane > cortical granules
Term
Head of spermatazoa contains what (2)
Definition
Acrosome & nucleus
Term
Mitochondria in what segment of spermatazoa
Definition
Mid-piece
Term
Locomotion in what segment of spermatazoa
Definition
Principal piece
Term
Spermatazoa: maturation where?
Definition
Epididymis
Term
Spermatazoa: step in epididymis?
Definition
Maturation
Term
Spermatazoa: activation when?
Definition
Ejaculation
Term
Spermatazoa: step during ejaculation?
Definition
Activation
Term
Spermatazoa: capacitation where?
Definition
Female tract
Term
Spermatazoa: step in female tract?
Definition
Capacitation
Term
First thing spermatazoa penetrate
Definition
Corona radiata
Term
Layer of oocyte where acrosome is used
Definition
Zona pellucida
Term
Sperm entering oocyte causes ____ reaction
Definition
Cortical reaction
Term
Pronuclei at what stage
Definition
Zygote
Term
Outcomes of fertilization (3)
Definition
1) Diploidy re-established; 2) embryo sex determined; 3) initiation of cleavage
Term
Structures of a blastocyst (4 plus 2 poles)
Definition
Blastocyst cavity; inner cell mass, trophoblast, zona pellucida; and embryonic & abembryonic poles
Term
Blastocyst hatching is loss of what layer
Definition
Zona pellucida
Term
Bilaminar germ disc layers
Definition
Epiblast & hypoblast
Term
Trophoblast becomes what (2) upon implantation
Definition
Syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast
Term
Amniotic cavity by what bilaminar layer
Definition
Epiblast
Term
Chorionic cavity within what layer
Definition
Extraembryonic mesoderm
Term
Definitive yolk sac by what bilaminar layer
Definition
Hypoblast
Term
Parts (3) of primitive streak
Definition
Groove, node & pit
Term
[L] and [R] established by what process
Definition
Gastrulation
Term
Epidermis from what germ layer
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
CNS from what germ layer
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
PNS from what germ layer
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
GI tract from what germ layer
Definition
Endoderm
Term
Respiratory tract from what germ layer
Definition
Endoderm
Term
Auditory system from what germ layer
Definition
Endoderm
Term
Urinary system from what germ layer (bladder & portion of urethra)
Definition
Endoderm
Term
Endocrine system from what germ layer (except chromaffin cells)
Definition
Endoderm
Term
Skeletal muscle from what germ layer
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
Mesenchyme from what germ layer
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
Gonads from what germ layer
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Air in pleural cavity
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
Blood in pleural cavity
Term
Pericarditis
Definition
Inflammation of pericardium
Term
Cardiac tamponade
Definition
Compression from filled pericardial cavity
Term
# of lobes in [L] lung
Definition
2
Term
# of lobes in [R] lung
Definition
3
Term
Lung with more superior pulmonary artery
Definition
[L]
Term
Lung with more inferior/anterior pulmonary artery
Definition
[R]
Term
Lung with more vertical primary bronchus
Definition
[R]
Term
Lung with smaller primary bronchus
Definition
[L]
Term
Relative to lung root: phrenic nerve is anterior or posterior
Definition
Anterior
Term
Relative to lung root: vagus nerve is anterior or posterior
Definition
Posterior
Term
Thoracentesis
Definition
Draining of pleural cavity of air or fluid by needle
Term
Chest tube
Definition
Draining of pleural cavity by big tube
Term
Landmark: superior mediastinum
Definition
Sternal angel
Term
Inferior mediastinum into 3 parts (from sternum to spine)
Definition
Anterior, middle, posterior
Term
Thymus in what mediastinal compartment
Definition
Anterior
Term
Heart in what mediastinal compartment
Definition
Middle
Term
Esophagus in what mediastinal compartment
Definition
Posterior
Term
Aortic arch in what mediastinal compartment
Definition
Superior
Term
2/3 of heart is in which half of body
Definition
[L]
Term
Lung: surface location of [L] caused by heart
Definition
Cardiac impression
Term
Match vein to artery: Marginal a.
Definition
Small cardiac v.
Term
Match vein to artery: Anterior interventricular a.
Definition
Great cardiac v.
Term
Match vein to artery: Posterior interventricular a.
Definition
Middle cardiac v.
Term
Match artery to vein: Small cardiac v.
Definition
[R] Marginal a.
Term
Match artery to vein: Middle cardiac v.
Definition
Posterior interventricular a.
Term
Match artery to vein: Great cardiac v. (2)
Definition
Anterior interventricular a.; circumflex a.
Term
Match vein to artery: circumflex a.
Definition
Great cardiac v.
Term
Anenchephaly
Definition
Cranial end of neural tube fails to close
Term
Spina bifida
Definition
Caudal end of neural rube fails to close
Term
3 categories of spina bifida
Definition
occulta, meningocele, meningomyelocele
Term
Neurofibromatosis
Definition
Unregulated proliferation of neural crest derived cells in trunk
Term
First-ish 4 steps of ectoderm development (post-gastrulation)
Definition
Primitive pit > notochord process > notochordal plate > notochord
Term
What happens in neuralation
Definition
Ectoderm folds to form neural tube & crest under epidermis
Term
BMP established at which end of neural tube: dorsal or ventral
Definition
Dorsal
Term
Shh established at which end of neural tube: dorsal or ventral
Definition
Ventral
Term
BMP establishes: sensory or motor
Definition
Sensory
Term
Shh establishes: sensory or motor
Definition
Motor
Term
Cranial neural crest cells forms (4)
Definition
Facial bone; CN 5, 7, 9, 10; middle ear; thyroid C cells
Term
Cardiac neural crest cells forms (2)
Definition
Conotruncal septum; tunica media
Term
Vagal & lumobsacral neural crest cells forms (1)
Definition
Peristalsis of GI tract
Term
Trunk neural crest cells forms (4)
Definition
Melanocytes, dorsal root ganglia, chromaffin cells, Schwaan cells
Term
Paraxial mesoderm forms
Definition
Somites
Term
Somites from what mesoderm: paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate
Definition
Paraxial
Term
Urogenital system from what mesoderm: paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate
Definition
Intermediate
Term
Parietal/visceral layers from what mesoderm: paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate
Definition
Lateral plate
Term
Intermediate mesoderm forms
Definition
Urogenital system
Term
Lateral plate mesoderm forms
Definition
Parietal/visceral layers of thoracic & abdominal cavities
Term
Embryonic folds (3)
Definition
Head, tail, lateral
Term
Primitive heart aka ___
Definition
Cardiogenic center (blood islands)
Term
Primitive diaphragm aka ___
Definition
Septum transversum
Term
Primitive mouth aka ___
Definition
Oropharyngeal membrane
Term
Primitive anus aka ___
Definition
Cloacal membrane
Term
Structures that make up the umbilius (3) after lateral folding
Definition
Yolk sac, allantois, & connecting stalk
Term
Atrial septal defect: large oval foramen (2)
Definition
Excessive resportion of septum primum; absence of septum secundum
Term
Atrial septal defect: common atrium
Definition
Absence of s. primum & s. secundum
Term
Ventricular septal defect
Definition
Missing membraneous IV septum (most common congenital heart defect)
Term
Transposition of great vessels
Definition
Non-spiraling of conotruncal septum; patent ductus arteriosus
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot (4)
Definition
1) Pulmonary stenosis; 2) Overriding aorta; 3) RV hypertrophy; 4) VSD
Term
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Definition
No conotruncal septum
Term
BMP 2,4 + WNT inhibitors = _____
Definition
NKX-2.5
Term
BMP 2,4 + _______ = NKX-2.5
Definition
WNT inhibitors
Term
______ + WNT inhibitors = NKX-2.5
Definition
BMP 2,4
Term
Adult structure that separates atria tissue from right horn tissue
Definition
Crista terminalis
Term
What tissue pinches off ventricles (membranous IV septum)
Definition
Endocardial cushions
Term
What tissue forms AV valves
Definition
Endocardial cushions
Term
Atrial shunt
Definition
Foramen ovale from septum primum & septum secondum
Term
Arterial shunt; and where
Definition
Ductus arteriosus; aorta/pulmonary trunk
Term
Venous shunt; and where
Definition
Ductus venosus; in liver
Term
Hemangioma
Definition
Aberrant vascular development
Term
Abnormal persistence of 4R aortic arch
Definition
Squeezes trachea & esophagus
Term
Abnormal obliteration of 4R aortic arch
Definition
[R] subclavian from [L] side distal to [L] subclavin a.
Term
Coarctation of the aorta: preductal
Definition
Proximal to a patent ductus arteriosus
Term
Coarctation of the aorta: postductal
Definition
Distal to ligamentum arteriosum
Term
Erythrobalstosis fetalis
Definition
Mother Rh-; fetus Rh+
Term
Blood vessels from de novo: vein or artery
Definition
Vein
Term
Blood vessels from sprouting: vein or artery
Definition
Artery
Term
Aortic arch: 1
Definition
Maxillaries
Term
Aortic arch: 2
Definition
Stapedial, hyoid
Term
Aortic arch: 3
Definition
Carotids
Term
Aortic arch: 4L
Definition
Aortic arch
Term
Aortic arch: 4R
Definition
[R] subclavian
Term
Aortic arch: 5
Definition
GONE
Term
Aortic arch: 6 (2)
Definition
Pulmonary trunk; ductus arteriosis
Term
Vitelline artery forms (3)
Definition
Celiac trunk, S. mesenteric, I. mesenteric
Term
Vitelline veins forms (2)
Definition
Sinusoids in liver; hepatic portal vein
Term
Cardial veins, 3 kinds (superior to inferior)
Definition
Supracardinal, subcardinal, sacrocardinal
Term
Supracardinal vein becomes
Definition
Azygos system
Term
Subcardinal vein becomes
Definition
Hepatic segment of IVC
Term
Sacrocardinal vein becomes
Definition
Renal IVC to iliac veins
Term
[R] umbilical v. does what
Definition
Degenerates
Term
[L] umbilical v. does what
Definition
Flows into ductus venosus
Term
Placental villi becomes asymmetric and larger/more developed at what pole
Definition
Embryonic
Term
Initial placental villi layers (4) separating maternal & fetal blood
Definition
Syncitium + cytotrophoblast + connective tissue + endothelium (@ Week 4)
Term
Final placental villi layers (2) separating maternal & fetal blood
Definition
Syncytium + endothelium (@ Month 4)
Term
Gastrulation forms what
Definition
Trilaminar disc
Term
Layers of trilaminar disc
Definition
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Term
Gastrulation on what day
Definition
15
Term
Day 15: neurlation, gastrulation, cleavage?
Definition
Gastrulation
Term
Innervation of pectoralis major (2)
Definition
Medial and lateral pectoral nn.
Term
Artery of pectoralis major
Definition
Pectoral br. of thoracoacromial a.
Term
Deltoid triangle borders (3)
Definition
Deltoid m., pectoralis major m., clavicle
Term
Vein through deltoid triangle
Definition
Cephalic v.
Term
Cephalic vein in what triangle
Definition
Deltoid triangle
Term
Insertions/heads of pectoralis major (2)
Definition
Clavicular and sternocostal
Term
Acromion on what bone
Definition
Scapula
Term
Coracoid process on what bone
Definition
Scapula
Term
Spinal nerves that leave superiorly to its vertebrae
Definition
C1-7
Term
Spinal nerves that leave inferiorly to their vertebrae
Definition
C8-S5
Term
CT scans typically show what plane
Definition
Transverse
Term
[L]/[R] symmetry about what plane
Definition
Median/mid-sagittal
Term
Anterior/posterior about what plane
Definition
Coronal
Term
Relationship: Finger is ____ to elbow
Definition
Distal
Term
Relationship: Knee is ____ to foot
Definition
Proximal
Term
Relationship: Eye is ____ to ear
Definition
Medial
Term
Relationship: Kidney is ____ to aorta
Definition
Lateral
Term
Relationship: Inner intercostal m. is ____ to external intercostal m.
Definition
Deep
Term
Relationship: Epidermis is _____ to, uh, anything else
Definition
Superficial
Term
Which vessels are more rigid: vein or artery
Definition
Artery
Term
Arteries are ____ (superficial/deep) to veins on the heart
Definition
Superficial
Term
"True ribs" numbers
Definition
Ribs 1-7
Term
"False ribs" numbers
Definition
Ribs 8-10
Term
"Floating ribs" numbers
Definition
Ribs 11-12
Term
Muscles of thoracic wall (8)
Definition
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius; external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal; transversus thoracis
Term
Path of arterial anastamosis through thoracic wall: subclavian -> ___ -> descending aorta
Definition
Subclavian > internal thoracic > anterior intercostal = posterior intercostal > descending aorta
Term
Which comes first: primary or definitive yolk sac?
Definition
Primary (forms on day 9 vs. day 12 of definitive yolk sac)
Term
Layers of the pericardium (3) superficial to deep
Definition
Fibrous pericardium > serous pericardium of which is the parietal serous pericardium > visceral serous pericardium
Term
Mitral valve is in which half of the heart
Definition
[L]
Term
Tricuspid valve is in which half of the heart
Definition
[R]
Term
Anatomical landmark of tracheal bifurcation
Definition
Carina
Term
Innervation of diagphram
Definition
Phrenic nerve
Term
What nerve is embedded in the pericardium?
Definition
Phrenic nerve
Term
Ectoderm covers the whole body through what (3) processes from trilaminar disc
Definition
Head, tail, lateral folding
Supporting users have an ad free experience!