Term
|
Definition
| Rolling ankle out/Rolling ankle in |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shoulders forward/Shoulders back |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shoulders up/Shoulders down |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thumb and finger together |
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Biceps Brachii
Long fascicles, large muscle belly |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Pectoralis Major
Fascicles at diff angles that converges on a single point |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Extensor Digitorum
Fibers aligned in one direction |
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Rectus Femoris
Fivers aligned in two directions |
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Deltoid
Fibers aligned in 2+ directions |
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Term
|
Definition
206 total
80 Axial
126 Appendicular |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Hematopoiesis "Blood formation" or RBC, WBC, and Platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
Protection
Ex: Sternum, Skull, Ribs, Scapulla |
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Term
|
Definition
Movement
Ex: Humerus, Femur, Tibia, Phalanges |
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Term
|
Definition
Protection
Ex: Vertebrae and facial bones |
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Term
|
Definition
Stability and support
Ex: Wrist and ankle bones |
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Term
|
Definition
Protects tendons
Ex: Patella |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spongy bone matrix at the end of the bone filled with red blood marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shaft of bone that lengthens during development |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hollow tube in middle of the bone, in children filled with RBM and then in adults filled with YBM |
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Term
|
Definition
| Covers ends of bones to absorb shock and reduce friction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous tissue that covers the outside of bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous tissue that covers the inside of the medullary cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| The bones continue to remodel/repair themselves replacing 10% each year |
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Term
|
Definition
| An osteocyte sends a signal out to a osteogenic cell, the cell then transforms into an osteoblast or an osteoclast, the osteoblast goes to a site, forms calcium around itself from the bloodstream and then turns into an osteocyte, an osteoclast goes to a site, eats away at the bone and then releases calcium into the bloodstream |
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Term
|
Definition
| Densely packed with minerals for protection and stability |
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Term
|
Definition
| Basic units of bone tissue (Calcium + collagen + osteocytes (bone cells)) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows for room for bone marrow and lets us be lighter |
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Term
|
Definition
| Doesn't break through skin/Harder, breaks through skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standard break clean across the bone (Falling and catching yourself) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Strong rotational force on bone (Twisting leg quickly from a ski fall) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone breaks into a bunch of different pieces (gunshot, car crash) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Too much pressure on the bone (car crash when someone’s legs are on the dashboard) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Little chip off the bone (Happens to kids because bones are still developing) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Similar to transverse but diagonal |
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Term
|
Definition
24 hrs - Clotting blood makes a hematoma, bone cells die
48 hrs - Cartilage cells in the endosteum form a callus that stabilized fracture
3-6 weeks - Osteoblasts/Osteoclasts form
6-12 weeks - Compact bone replaces spongy bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| All bones start as cartilage and then ossification starts in diaphysis at 2-3 months |
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Term
|
Definition
| Secondary ossification (bone development from cartilage) forms epiphysis (growth plate) after birth and continues until the end of puberty |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where two bones meet (joint) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flat surface for smooth articulation (doesn't move much) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anything that sticks out from the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ball fitting into the socket |
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Term
|
Definition
| A hole in a bone for a nerve, artery, or vein to pass through |
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Term
|
Definition
| A passageway through a bone that has a dead end (ear) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How many bones in the skull |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Inner eye to front of temporal bone (allows nerves to pass from the brain to the eyeball) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Frontal bone, parietal bone (x2) – biggest bone in your skull, temporal bone (x2), occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows sound to get into the canal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Helps you to move your head (large bone behind your ear) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Attachment site for muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 3 bones in the ear canal (smallest bones) |
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Definition
Malleus (mallet)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Houses the pituitary gland in the sphenoid bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thin bone that extends up from the ethmoid bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Olfactory nerve passes through the nasal cavity in the ethmoid bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where the skull sits on the first vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where the brainstem/spinal cord exits the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Separates the front and the back bones of the front plane of the skull near the frontal and parietal bone ( |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Weakest part of brain case (temple) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Connects the left and right halves of the parietal bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Connects the occipital bone to both parietal bones |
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Term
| Flat or Long bones: Frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal |
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Definition
| First 3 flat bones, last 3 irregular bones |
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Term
| Each eye socket (orbit) consists of _ bones |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior orbital fissure allows |
|
Definition
| the oculomotor nerve (eye movement) to pass through |
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Term
|
Definition
Warms and humidifies air to pass through to your lungs
Lowers bone density
“Crumple zone” to protect brain |
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Term
|
Definition
Breaks from strangulation
Doesn't articulate with other bones
Located in the upper neck
Provides tounge muscle attachments |
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Term
|
Definition
24 bones
Cervical (C1-C12)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacrum
Coccyx |
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|
Term
| Spinous and transverse processes |
|
Definition
| Protects the spine and acts as places where muscles can connect to allow the spine to move |
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Term
|
Definition
| Support the skull and articulate with occipital condyles and Axis (C2) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Age-related disorder that causes loss of bone density (may cause kyphosis - hunchback) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1-7 = True ribs 8-12 = False ribs 11-12 = Floating ribs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Manubrium, body, and xiphoid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Last bone to ossify (25 years) and the most fractured bone in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Articulation for the humerus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Attachment point of arm/chest muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Point at which the scapula articulates with |
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Term
|
Definition
| Attachment sites for muscles of the shoulder |
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Term
| Medial/lateral epicondyle |
|
Definition
| Attachment point for muscles of the forearm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surface for the elbow joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bony tip of the elbow, protects nerves |
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|
Term
| Head of ulna/Head of radius |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Styloid process of the ulna |
|
Definition
| Attachment point for wrist ligaments |
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|
Term
| Interosseous membrane/border |
|
Definition
| Connective tissues in between the ulna/radius |
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Term
| Styloid process of the radius |
|
Definition
| Attachment point for wrist ligaments, sticks out further so it limits lateral movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| The radius slips out of the annular ligament due to pulling on the arm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Common humerus injury in older adults with osteoporosis |
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|
Term
| Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle |
|
Definition
| Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
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Term
|
Definition
| 9 nerves enter the hand under the flexor ligaments and over the carpal bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fall on hand and break the head of the ulna |
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Term
|
Definition
| Carpals -> Metacarpals -> Proximal -> Medial -> Distal phalanges |
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Term
|
Definition
| Secures the hip bone to the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Point of articulation for the head of the femur |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Attachment point for the gluteus medius/minimus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Insertion point for the iliopsoas muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Attachment point for the gluteus maximus |
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|
Term
| Medial and lateral epicondyle |
|
Definition
| Attachment points for muscles and ligaments across the patella |
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Term
|
Definition
| Has a large red marrow cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Articulates with the tibia but not the femur |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial cuneiform, Intermediate cuneiform, Lateral cuneiform, Cuboid |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Two articulating surfaces of the bone do not connect but meet within a joint cavity with fluid
Articular cartilage only found here
Allows the freest movement and are the most common |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adjacent bone is connected through fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
Joined by highland cartilage or fibral cartilage
Epiphyseal (growth) plate - Not mobile
Pubic symphysis/Invertebrate disc - Slightly mobile |
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|
Term
| Functional Classification |
|
Definition
Synarthrosis – Immobile (Axial)
Amphiarthrosis – Slightly mobile (Axial)
Diarthrosis – Highly mobile (Appendicular) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The connective tissue between your teeth to prevent movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small fluid sac that acts as a cushion outside of the joint cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ex: Elbow
Extending/bending along one axis |
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: Knuckle
Allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Ex: Tasal Joint
Movement in any direction (sometimes limited) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Ex: Shoulder
Movement in any direction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when articular cartilage breaks down causing more pressure on the bone and then causing the synovial joint to produce more fluid and in turn causing swelling |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found on bones of the skeletal system for movement, largest type of muscle cells, runs the entire length, lots of nuclei |
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Term
|
Definition
| Found in every anatomical system except for the skeletal system, smallest type of muscle cells, only have 1 nucleus for each cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| Only found in the heart, intermediate in size, look like skeletal muscle cells but branch off, few nuclei per cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| Motor neuron + Muscle Fiber |
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Term
|
Definition
| As muscle age, muscle fibers die and therefore cannot produce the same amount of force |
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Term
|
Definition
Desmosomes tie cardiac muscle cells for stronger heartbeats
Pacemaker cells are in the sinoatrial node (SA Node), the top of the heart and keeps the baseline beat of the heart |
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|
Term
| Bundle of axons in the CNS |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bundle of axons in the PNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cluster of grey matter in the CNS |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cluster of grey matter in the PNS |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Supports and scaffolds for the CNS and supports blood brain barrier |
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Term
|
Definition
| Immune defense of the CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wraps axons in myelin and supports several axons with one cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| Creates cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds the cell bodies of sensory neurons and autonomic neurons and provides nutrients and removes waste from the cell body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Insulates axons with myelin and one cell to each sheath |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Proprioceptive info is processes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Info highway connects the left and right hemisphere of the brain (in the white matter) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Collection of deep grey matter nuclei that relays info between the cortex and spinal cord (no smell) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Critical for regulating homeostasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neural tissue (regulates oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior part of brain stem and responsible for vision/hearing sensation with motor response |
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Term
|
Definition
| Middle part of brain stem and responsible for unconscious functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inferior part of brain stem and responsible for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Helps regulate how much motion to pick up a heavy can |
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|
Term
| Blood loss to anterior cerebral artery |
|
Definition
| Behavior/lower-limb issues |
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|
Term
| Blood loss to middle cerebral artery |
|
Definition
| Aphasia/face/arm motor issues |
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|
Term
| Blood loss to posterior cerebral artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood loss to cerebellar artery |
|
Definition
| Motor coordination/dizziness issues |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anchored to the inside of the skull and vertebral column, thick fibrous outermost protective layer |
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Term
|
Definition
| Separates right and left hemisphere through longitudinal fissure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Separates occipital lobe from cerebellum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Creates a space around the brain for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Innermost layer that covers every gyrus and sulcus in the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sense tension in the muscle fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sense stretch/speed of stretch |
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|
Term
| Mechanoreceptors (merkel) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ruffini (bulbous) corpuscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meissner’s (tactile) corpuscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Senses linear motion of the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| Three ring-like structures that sense the rotational motion of the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fluid filled chamber at the base of each semicircular canal (rotation is sensed) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bends hair cells when head rotates |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| One sensory hemisphere of the brain controls the movement of the other side of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary motor cortex (KNOW) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Helps clinicians determine which level of the spinal cord is damaged [image] |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tells reproductive gland to release gametes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Tells reproductive gland to produce estrogen/testosterone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Controls contractions/milk down to chest |
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Term
|
Definition
| Controls amount of water in the bloodstream |
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Term
|
Definition
| Secretes melatonin based on available light |
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Term
|
Definition
| Located in the right atrium and triggers atrial contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Located in the inferior region of the right atrium and triggers ventricular contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
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