Given these organ and cavity combinations:

1. Heart and Pericardial Cavity

2. Lungs and Pleural Cavity

3. Stomach and Peritonial Cavity

4. Kidney and Peritonial Cavity

a. 1,2

b. 1,2,3

c. 1,2,4

d. 2,3,4

e. 1,2,3,4

Which of these directional terms are paired most appropriately as opposites?

a. superficial and deep

b. medial and proximal

c. distal and lateral

d. superior and posterior

e. anterior and inferior

Which of these membrane combinations are found on the surface of the diaphram?

a. Parietal pleura---parietal peritoneum

b. Parietal pleura---visceral peritoneum

c. Visceral pleura---perietal peritoneum

d. Visceral pleura---visceral peritoneum

The following events are part of a feedback mechanism:

1. Blood pressure increases

2. Control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure point

3. The heart beats faster

4. Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure

a. 1,2,3,4

b. 1,3,2,4

c. 3,1,4,2

d. 4,2,3,1

e. 4,3,2,1

Given the following conceptual levels for considering the body:

1. cell

2. chemical

3. organ

4. organ system

5. organism

6. tissue

Choose the correct order for these conceptual levels from smallest to largest.

a. 1,2,3,6,4,5

b. 2,1,6,3,4,5

c. 3,1,6,4,5,2

d. 4,6,1,3,5,2

e. 1,6,5,3,4,2

b. 2,1,6,3,4,5

The lungs are:

a. part of the mediastinum

b. surrounded by the pericardial cavity

c. found within the thoracic cavity

d. separated from each other by the diaphram

e. surrounded by mucous membrane

The clavicle is _____ to the nipple of the breast.

a. anterior

b. distal

c. superficial

d. superior

e. ventral

A patient with appendicitus usually has pain in the _____ quadrant of the abdomen.

a. left-lower

b. right-lower

c. left-upper

d. right-upper

Which of these statement concering positive feedback is correct?

a. Positive-feedback responses maintain homeostasis

b. Positive-feedback responses occur continuously in healthy individuals.

c. Birth is an example of a normally occuring positive-feedback mechanism.

d. When the cardiac muscle receives an inadequate supply of blood, positive-feedback mechanism increases blood flow to the heart.

e. Medical therapy seeks to overcome illness by aiding positive-feedback mechanisms.

Physiology:

Given these characteristics:

1. Capable of contraction

2. Covers free body surfaces

3. Lacks blood vessels

4. Composes varius glands

5. Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane

Which of these are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

a. 1,2,3

b. 2,3,5

c. 3,4,5

d. 1,2,3,4

e. 2,3,4,5

Which of these is NOT true of adipose tissue?

a. It is the site of energy storage

b. It is a type of connective tissue

c. It acts as a protective cushion

d. Brown adipose is found only in babies

e. It functions as a heat insulator

Given these characteristics:

1. Cell located in lacunae

2. Proteoglycans in ground substance

3. No collagen fibers present

4. Perichondrium on surface

5. Heals rapidly after injury

Which of these characteristics apply to cartilage?

a. 1,2,3

b. 1,2,4

c. 2,3,5

d. 1,2,4,5

e. 2,3,4,5

Which of these characteristics apply to smooth muscle?

a. Striated, involuntary

b. Striated, voluntary

c. Unstraited, voluntary

d. Unstraited, involuntary

e. Striated, both involuntary and voluntary

Which of these types of connective tissue has the smallest amount of extracellular matrix?

a. adipose

b. bone

c. cartilage

d. loose connective tissue

e. blood

In which of these areas of the body is thick skin found?

a. Back of the hand

b. abdomen

c. over the shin

d. bridge of the nose

e. heel of the foot

Osteochondral progenitor cells:

a. can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts

b. are derived from mesenchymal stem cells

c. are located in the perichondrium, periosteum, and endosteum.

d. do not produce osteoclasts

e. all of the above

Given these processes:

1. Cartilage Ossification

2. External Callus Formation

3. Hematoma Formation

4. Internal Callus Formation

5. Remodling of Woven Bone into Compact Bone

Which sequence best represents the order in which the processes occur during the repair of a fracture?

a. 1,2,3,4,5

b. 2,4,31,5

c. 3,4,2,1,5

d. 4,1,5,2,3

e. 5,4,3,2,1

Which of these substances makes up the major portion of bone?

a. collagen

b. hydroxyapatite

c. proteoglycan aggregates

d. osteocytes

e. osteoblasts

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

a. internal support and protection

b. attachment for muscles

c. calcium and phosphate storage

d. hemopoiesis

e. vitamin D storage

Growth in the length of bone occurs:

a. at the primary ossification centers

b. beneath the periosteum

c. at the center of the diaphysis

d. at the epiphyseal plate

e. within the articular cartilage on the end of the bone.

Given these processes:

1. chondrocytes die

2. cartilage matrix calcifies

3. chondrocytes hypertrophy

4. osteoblasts deposite bone

5. blood vessels grow into lacunae

Which sequence best represents the order in which the occur during endochondral bone formation?

a. 3,2,1,4,5

b. 3,2,1,5,4

c. 5,2,3,4,1

d. 3,2,5,1,4

e. 3,5,2,4,1

Which of these is part of the appendicular skeleton?

a. cranium

b. ribs

c. clavicle

d. sternum

e. vertebra

When comparing the pectoral girdle with the pelvic girdle, which of the following is true?

a. The pectoral girdle has a greater mass than the pelvic girdle

b. The pelvic girdle is more firmly attached to the body than the pectoral girdle.

c. The pectoral girdle has the limbs more securely attatched than the pelvic girdle.

d. The pelvic girdle allows greater mobility than the pectoral girdle.

Which of these bones is NOT in contact with the sphenoid bone?

a. Maxilla

b. Ethmoid

c. Inferior Nasal Conchae

d. parietal

e. vomer

Which of these bones does NOT contain a paranasal sinus?

a. ethmoid

b. sphenoid

c. frontal

d. temporal

e. maxilla

When comparing the male pelvis with the female pelvis, which of the following is true?

a. The pelvis inlet in males is larger and more circular

b. The subpubic angle in females is less than 90 degrees

c. The ischial spine in males is closer together

d. The sacrum in males is broader and less curved