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Anatomy Exam Review
Anatomy Exam Review
60
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/09/2010

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Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Regulates other organ systems
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
Regulates temperature, prevents water loss, provides protection.
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
Removes foreign substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance.
Term
Muscular System
Definition
Produces Movement, maintains posture, produces body heat.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
Regulates other organ systems
Term
Urinary System
Definition
Removes waste products from the blood, maintains water balance.
Term

Given these organ and cavity combinations:

1. Heart and Pericardial Cavity

2. Lungs and Pleural Cavity

3. Stomach and Peritonial Cavity

4. Kidney and Peritonial Cavity

 

a. 1,2

b. 1,2,3

c. 1,2,4

d. 2,3,4

e. 1,2,3,4

Definition
e. 1,2,3,4
Term

Which of these directional terms are paired most appropriately as opposites?

a. superficial and deep

b. medial and proximal

c. distal and lateral

d. superior and posterior

e. anterior and inferior

Definition
a. superficial and deep
Term

Which of these membrane combinations are found on the surface of the diaphram?

a. Parietal pleura---parietal peritoneum

b. Parietal pleura---visceral peritoneum

c. Visceral pleura---perietal peritoneum

d. Visceral pleura---visceral peritoneum

Definition
a. Parietal pleura---parietal peritoneum
Term
The part of the upper limb between the elbo and wrist is called the:
Definition
forearm
Term

The following events are part of a feedback mechanism:

1. Blood pressure increases

2. Control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure point

3. The heart beats faster

4. Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure

 

a. 1,2,3,4

b. 1,3,2,4

c. 3,1,4,2

d. 4,2,3,1

e. 4,3,2,1

Definition
d. 4,2,3,1
Term

Given the following conceptual levels for considering the body:

1. cell

2. chemical

3. organ

4. organ system

5. organism

6. tissue

Choose the correct order for these conceptual levels from smallest to largest.

a. 1,2,3,6,4,5

b. 2,1,6,3,4,5

c. 3,1,6,4,5,2

d. 4,6,1,3,5,2

e. 1,6,5,3,4,2

Definition

b. 2,1,6,3,4,5

 

Term

The lungs are:

a. part of the mediastinum

b. surrounded by the pericardial cavity

c. found within the thoracic cavity

d. separated from each other by the diaphram

e. surrounded by mucous membrane

Definition
c. found within the thoracic cavity
Term

The clavicle is _____ to the nipple of the breast.

a. anterior

b. distal

c. superficial

d. superior

e. ventral

Definition
d. superior
Term

A patient with appendicitus usually has pain in the _____ quadrant of the abdomen.

a. left-lower

b. right-lower

c. left-upper

d. right-upper

Definition
b. right-lower
Term

Which of these statement concering positive feedback is correct?

a. Positive-feedback responses maintain homeostasis

b. Positive-feedback responses occur continuously in healthy individuals.

c. Birth is an example of a normally occuring positive-feedback mechanism.

d. When the cardiac muscle receives an inadequate supply of blood, positive-feedback mechanism increases blood flow to the heart.

e. Medical therapy seeks to overcome illness by aiding positive-feedback mechanisms.

Definition
c. birth is an example of a normally occuring positive-feedback mechanism.
Term
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is a:
Definition
frontal (coronal) plane
Term

Physiology:

 

Definition
deals with the processes or functions of living things
Term
Pseudostratified Cilliated Columnar Epithelium can be found lining the:
Definition
Trachea
Term

Given these characteristics:

1. Capable of contraction

2. Covers free body surfaces

3. Lacks blood vessels

4. Composes varius glands

5. Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane

Which of these are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

a. 1,2,3

b. 2,3,5

c. 3,4,5

d. 1,2,3,4

e. 2,3,4,5

Definition
e, 2,3,4,5
Term
The fibers in dense fibrous connective tissue are produced by:
Definition
fibroblasts
Term
Stratified epithelium is usually found in areas of the body where the principle activity is:
Definition
protection
Term

Which of these is NOT true of adipose tissue?

a. It is the site of energy storage

b. It is a type of connective tissue

c. It acts as a protective cushion

d. Brown adipose is found only in babies

e. It functions as a heat insulator

Definition
d. Brown adipose is found only in babies
Term

Given these characteristics:

1. Cell located in lacunae

2. Proteoglycans in ground substance

3. No collagen fibers present

4. Perichondrium on surface

5. Heals rapidly after injury

Which of these characteristics apply to cartilage?

a. 1,2,3

b. 1,2,4

c. 2,3,5

d. 1,2,4,5

e. 2,3,4,5

Definition
b. 1,2,4
Term
Extremely delicate fibers that make up the framework of organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are:
Definition
reticular fibers
Term

Which of these characteristics apply to smooth muscle?

a. Striated, involuntary

b. Striated, voluntary

c. Unstraited, voluntary

d. Unstraited, involuntary

e. Striated, both involuntary and voluntary

Definition
d. Unstriated, involuntary
Term
A type of connection whose ONLY function is to prevent cells from coming apart.
Definition
Desmosome
Term

Which of these types of connective tissue has the smallest amount of extracellular matrix?

a. adipose

b. bone

c. cartilage

d. loose connective tissue

e. blood

Definition
a. adipose
Term
If a splinter penetrates the skin of the palm of the hand to the second epidermal layer from the surface, the last layer damaged is the:
Definition
Stratum lucidium
Term

In which of these areas of the body is thick skin found?

a. Back of the hand

b. abdomen

c. over the shin

d. bridge of the nose

e. heel of the foot

Definition
e. heel of the foot
Term
Alveolar glands that produce a white, oily substance, usually open into hair follicles.
Definition
Sebaceous Glands
Term
Coiled, tubular glands that secrete a hyposmotic fluid that cools the body, most numerous in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
Definition
Merocrine sweat gland
Term
Secretions from the coiled, tubular glands are broken down by bacteria to produce body odor; found in axillae, in the gentalia, and around the anus.
Definition
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Term

Osteochondral progenitor cells:

a. can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts

b. are derived from mesenchymal stem cells

c. are located in the perichondrium, periosteum, and endosteum.

d. do not produce osteoclasts

e. all of the above

Definition
e. all of the above
Term

Given these processes:

1. Cartilage Ossification

2. External Callus Formation

3. Hematoma Formation

4. Internal Callus Formation

5. Remodling of Woven Bone into Compact Bone

Which sequence best represents the order in which the processes occur during the repair of a fracture?

a. 1,2,3,4,5

b. 2,4,31,5

c. 3,4,2,1,5

d. 4,1,5,2,3

e. 5,4,3,2,1

Definition
c. 3,4,2,1,5
Term
Cancellous bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called:
Definition
Trabeculae
Term
A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the:
Definition
Diaphysis
Term

Which of these substances makes up the major portion of bone?

a. collagen

b. hydroxyapatite

c. proteoglycan aggregates

d. osteocytes

e. osteoblasts

Definition
b. hydroxyapatite
Term

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

a. internal support and protection

b. attachment for muscles

c. calcium and phosphate storage

d. hemopoiesis

e. vitamin D storage

Definition
e. vitamin D storage
Term

Growth in the length of bone occurs:

a. at the primary ossification centers

b. beneath the periosteum

c. at the center of the diaphysis

d. at the epiphyseal plate

e. within the articular cartilage on the end of the bone.

Definition
d. at the epiphyseal plate
Term
Intramembranous bone formation:
Definition
gives rise to the flat bones of the skull
Term

Given these processes:

1. chondrocytes die

2. cartilage matrix calcifies

3. chondrocytes hypertrophy

4. osteoblasts deposite bone

5. blood vessels grow into lacunae

Which sequence best represents the order in which the occur during endochondral bone formation?

a. 3,2,1,4,5

b. 3,2,1,5,4

c. 5,2,3,4,1

d. 3,2,5,1,4

e. 3,5,2,4,1

Definition
c. 5,2,3,4,1
Term
The site of the sella turcica is the:
Definition
Sphenoid bone
Term
The bone/bones of the foot on which the tibia rests?
Definition
Talus
Term

Which of these is part of the appendicular skeleton?

a. cranium

b. ribs

c. clavicle

d. sternum

e. vertebra

Definition
c. clavicle
Term
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the _____ form the nasal septum.
Definition
Vomer
Term

When comparing the pectoral girdle with the pelvic girdle, which of the following is true?

a. The pectoral girdle has a greater mass than the pelvic girdle

b. The pelvic girdle is more firmly attached to the body than the pectoral girdle.

c. The pectoral girdle has the limbs more securely attatched than the pelvic girdle.

d. The pelvic girdle allows greater mobility than the pectoral girdle.

Definition
b. The pelvic girdle is more firmly attached to the body than the pectoral girdle.
Term
The point where the scapula and clavicle connect is the:
Definition
Acromian Process
Term

Which of these bones is NOT in contact with the sphenoid bone?

a. Maxilla

b. Ethmoid

c. Inferior Nasal Conchae

d. parietal

e. vomer

Definition
c. inferior nasal conchae
Term
The mandible articulates with the skull at the:
Definition
Mandibular Fossa
Term

Which of these bones does NOT contain a paranasal sinus?

a. ethmoid

b. sphenoid

c. frontal

d. temporal

e. maxilla

Definition
d. temporal
Term

When comparing the male pelvis with the female pelvis, which of the following is true?

a. The pelvis inlet in males is larger and more circular

b. The subpubic angle in females is less than 90 degrees

c. The ischial spine in males is closer together

d. The sacrum in males is broader and less curved

Definition
c. The ischial spine in males is closer together
Term
The superior and middle nasal conchae are formed by projections of the:
Definition
ethmoid bone
Term
Lower than or toward the tail (two terms)
Definition
Inferior and Caudal
Term
Higher than or toward the Head (two terms)
Definition
Superior and Cephalic
Term
Toward the front or toward the belly (two terms)
Definition
Anterior and Ventral
Term
Toward the back (of the body) (two terms)
Definition
Posterior and Dorsal
Term
Farther than another structure from the point.
Definition
Distal
Term
Away from the Midline
Definition
Lateral
Term
Away from the Surface
Definition
Deep
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