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Anatomy Exam I
ISU PA
148
Anatomy
Graduate
09/02/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Why was Andraus Vesalius so infleuntial founding modern Anatomy?

 

Definition

He was considered the founding father of anatomy.

His extensive work in dissection.

He performed most of his own dissections after firing the ostensor and barber surgeon.

He recognized several things about Galen's work to be incorrect.

Leading to the publication of The Fabrica of Life

Term

 

What role did Burke and Hare play in the history of anatomy?

Definition

They were infamous criminals in the 1830's.

They killed people for a comfortable living by selling cadavers to medical schools to be used for dissection.

When their murder of a young girl was discovered, Hare turned Burke in and told them everything, blaming Burke as the culprit. 

Burke was executed and his body was donated as a cadaver.

Brought about the

Resulted in the passing of 'an act for regulating schools of anatomy' in 1832.

 

Term

 

How were many cadavers obtained that were used in medical schools in the 1800s?

Definition

 

Grave Robbing

 

Burke and Hare murdering people for cadavers or some criminals that were executed - donated to medical schools as a part of their punishment

Term

 

Describe the typical anatomy lecture/lab during the scholastic period.

Definition

 

The professor would read from Galen's book on the anatomical structures from the Dias.

The Demonstrator (ostensor) pointed out the anatomical structures while the professor read the information aloud.

The barber surgeon actually dissected the cadaver so structures could be seen by the class/observers.

Term

 

Discuss at least two anatomic misconceptions of hte Egyptions and/or greeks.  What were some of the philosophies that lead to those misconceptions?

Definition

Arteries: air filled - recently dead spec. had air in their arteries (smooth muscle)

Veins: carried blood one way (like a tree) - veins lack the smooth muscle so they contained blood in a fresh specimen

Heart: good feelins, love and loyalty

Liver: bad feelings, bitterness

Spleen: hatred

Brain: cooled the body - marrow

Diaphragm: seat of the mind

 

Human dissection was considered taboo, so no one ever tested them.  During the Greek period anatomy/empirical science was not considered important.

Term

 

What even marked the transition from the Greek to Medieval Period?

Definition

 

The death of Galen in 200 AD.

He was the last Greek anatomist.  He published a book that was used for 1300 yrs.  Empirical science is important, less about universe concerns.

Medieval period used "bloodletting" (to get rid of the 'humors') and urine specimens for diagnosis and treatment of ailments.


Term

 

When did the modern anatomy period begin?

Definition

In 1500 AD --> Present


Began with the advent of organized medical schools, Vesalius' work, and knowledge of anatomy started to grow rapidly as it became a primary focus in medicine.

Term

 

What were some of the conditions and events that led to the first anatomy laws in 1832?

 

**what was the law passed in 1832?

Definition

The law was the 'act for regulating schools of anatomy'.

 

This law was passed in response to the trial of Burke (and Hare).  Cadavers were hard to come by, at the time, due to limited number allowed by law at each medical school, so often bodies were obtained in illicit manners such as grave robbing or murder (Burke and Hare).  This law was put into place to stop illegal obtainment of bodies.

Term

 

State at least one reason why little anatomic progress was made during the Egyption and Greek periods.

Definition

 

Dissection of the human body was considered taboo.  The Egyptions believed that the dead needed those organs (excluding the brain) to be healthy in the afterlife.  The Greeks didn't think that empirical science wasn't important.  Used animals and plants for study of anatomy and references.

Term

 

Whose anatomy work and writings dominated the Medieval period?

Definition

 

Galen's work and writing dominated for 1300 years.

Term

 

 

When did modern anatomy begin?

Definition

 

 

in the 1500s with the work of Vasaleus.

Term

 

 

Who was the 'father of modern anatomy' and WHY?

Definition

Vasaleus.


He used actual human bodies for dissection and anatomical reference. 

He debunked Galen's work and wrote his own atlas of the body

The Fabrica of Life

He also did many of his own dissections when he was a professor - without the help of the ostensor or barber surgeon.

Term

 

 

How was the work of Vesalius different from others in the scholastic period?

Definition

 

 

He fired the ostensor and barber surgeon and began dissecting cadavers himself (as a professor).  He had a first hand look and observation to anatomy.

Term

 

 

How was the work of Aristotle and Galen different from other Greeks?

Definition

 

 

They believed that empirical science and knowledge of anatomy were important.  However, they both still considered dissection of a human taboo, so they dissected plants and primates.

Term

 

 

How was the work of Galen and Vesalius the same?  How was it different?

Definition


They were both interested in empirical science and anatomy.  Galen still maintained that dissection of a human was taboo and only dissected primates/plants.  Whereas, Vesalius dissected humans despite common thought.  The both wrote there own books (in different eras).  Galen's was inaccurate due to insufficient dissection of humans.  Vesalius noted this in his own book while correcting Galen's mistakes.

Term

 

 

Egyptions anatomy was learned from what practice?

Definition

 

Through mummification.  They took apart the bodies and kept the organs in canopic jars, throwing away the brain.  It was thought that these organs were crucial to the after life.

They allowed the body to dry from the inside out and then placed the organs back into the body before burial.

Term

 

 

How were many cadavers obtained that were used in medical schools about 1800?

Definition

 

 

Grave Robbers

Burke and Hare --> killed people and donated them

Executed criminals - also sentenced to being donated to science

Term

 

 

Dorsal and Ventral are equivalent to what movements in terms of humans?

Definition


Dorsal - posterior which means to follow behind/back

-Posterior-

 

Ventral - anterior which means to travel before or ahead/front

-Anterior-

Term

 

 

Describe extension of the head.

Definition

 

 

moving the head posteriorly away from the frontal plane

Achieved by the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (innervated by XI)

 

Term

 

 

What are the 3 major sections to the body?

Definition

 

Sagittal – right and left halve -  by the flight of the arrow

Transverse – Horizontal Plane separating superior from Inferior

Frontal Section

 

Term

 

 

How do osteoblasts and osteoclasts differ from one another?

Definition

 

Osteoblasts - bone forming cells

 

Osteoclasts - large multinucleated cells that absorb bone

Term

 

 

List the characteristics of cartilage and what makes it a unique fit for the function it performs?

Definition

3 Types: Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic Cartilage

characteristics: has a matrix with fluid

protein (collagen- rigidity, Elastin - recoil)

carbohydrates - proteoglycans - water retention

minerals - hydroxyapatite

Components allow for cartilage to support and nourish structures its associated with.

Cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves, except those of the perichondrium --> slow healing after injury.


Term

 

 

List 5 types of CT and describe the principal elements of the extracellular matrix that make them unique.

Definition

Loose CT: arolar tissue, consists of protein fibers that form a lacey network, with numberous fluid filled spaces, attaches skin to underlying tissue- Support and Nourishment


Dense CT: form thick bundles and fill nearly all fo the extracellular space- Tensile Strength


Special Properties (adipose and reticular): adipose is composed of large cells and small amount of extracellular matrix (loosely arranged collagen and reticular fibers) - packaging, thermal insulator, energy store, protection for organs.

Reticular - lymphatic tissue (reticular fibers and cells) - superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues


Cartilage: matrix consists of protein fibers, ground substance and fluid- allows growth in long bones, allows rigidity with flexibility (trachea, ribs, nose, etc)


Bone: consists of living cells and mineralized matrix (calcium and phosphate). - scaffolding to provide strength and support


Term

 

 

List the four major types of tissue and state the major defining characteristics of each.

Definition

Epithelial Tissue: makes up outside surface of the body, lining of digestive/respiratory tract, heart and blood vessels and cavities, has a baement membrane, avascular, free space, tightly packed cells with junctions, no ECM - lining

Connective Tissue: abundant and makes up part of every organ in the body, consists of cells separated from each other by abundant ECM - matrix

Muscle Tissue: contracts and shortens with a force and responsible for movment, no ECM - contractile

Neural Tissue: founding the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and is characteried by the ability to conduct electrical signals called action potentials, Excitable cells, no ECM - conductive

Term

 

 

What structure is immediately proximal to the elbow?

Definition

 

The arm - brachial

Term

 

 

The word 'brachial' refers to what part of the body?

Definition

 

The arm which lies distal to the axillary region and proximal to the elbow.

Term

 

 

Describe the leg.

Definition

 

Leg, which is also referred to as the crural region, is directly proximal to the patellar region and distal to the talor region.

Term

 

 

Name two ways that epithelial cells are distinguished from each other.

Definition


Layers of cells: Sqamous (single layer) vs stratified (multiple layers

 

Shapes of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and flat

Term

 

 

Describe the location of the brachial.

Definition

The arm

 

distal to the axilla and proximal to the forearm

lateral to the thorax

Term

 

 

The leg is proximal to what structure and distal to what structure?

Definition

 

proximal to the foot, and distal to the thight

 

Term

 

 

List the differences between cancellous and compact bone.

Definition

cancellous bone: osteocytes are primary on the periphery, characterized by trabeculae with large spaces between them filled with hemopoietic tissue.  act as scaffolding without the extra weight of compact bone

 

Compact bone: osteocytes maintained within bone tissue in lacunae, composed of haversian system with blood vessels/nerves running threw the haversian canals.  Osteocytes are connected via caniculi that act as canals - provides great strength  and support forming the outer shell on bones that keep them from being easily broken.

Term

 

 

What muscle separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Describe the muscle - including origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action.

Definition

Sternocleidomastoid:

O - manubrium and medial clavicle

I - mastoid process and superiod nuchal line

N - cranial nerve XI - accessory

action - bilateral contraction cervical flexion

unilateral: rotation to opposite side and upward tilt to opposite side

Term

 

 

State the two ways by which various epithelial tissues are distinguished from each other.

Definition

 

number of cells - simple/stratified

 

shape of cells - squamous/cuboidal/columnar

Term

 

 

List the infrahyoid muscles.

Definition

 

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Term

 

 

List the muscles of masstication. 

Which one does not close the jaw?

Definition

 

Temporalis

Masseter

Pterygoids - Medial and Lateral

 

*the lateral pterygoids are not invovled in closing the jaw

Term

 

 

List the bones of the skull.

Bones forming cranium/orbital = 22

Definition

frontal

sphenoid

zygomatic orbit

maxilla

lacrinal

ethmoid

palatine

occipital

palatine

parietal

temporal

nasal

madible

vomer

inferior nasal concha

*note: total of 22 - some have two bones

 

 

Term

 

Name atleast two muscles of facial expression involved in smiling.

Definition

Muscles involved in smiling (ZLR)

Zygomaticus major and minor

Levator anguli oris

Risorius

Levator labii superioris

Orbicularis oculi

sometimes frontalis if smile is surprised

Term

 

 

Name at least two muscles of facial expression involved in frowning.

Definition

 

DDM

depressor anguli oris

depressor labii inferioris

mentalis

Term

 

List the suprahyoid muscles.

Definition

 

Digastric

Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid

Otylohyoid

Term

 

List the muscles of the pharynx.

Definition

 

Pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, infeiror)

salpingopharyngeus

stylopharyngeus

Term

 

Describe the muscles of the eye, their nerve supply, and the test of their function.

Definition

Oblique:

inferior (oculomotor)--> elevates gaze

superior(trochlear)--> depressed gaze

Rectus:

Inferior (oculomotor)--> depresses the gaze

lateral (abducent) --> abducts gaze - looking to the side

Medial (oculomotor) -->adducts gaze - looking towards nose

Superior (oculomotor) --> gaze directed superiorly - looking up

 

Term

 

List the two sutures that can be seen from a superior view of the skull.

Definition

 

Coronal - runs between the frontal and parietal/right to left

Sagittal -runs between the 2 parietal bones/anterior to posterior

Occipital (lamboid) not usually seen from the superior view

Term

 

What are the major characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Definition

 

Atlas

Dens

Transverse Foramen (hole on either side that doens't exist on other vertebrae)

small transverse process

small body (no body on C1, large body called dens on C2)

smaller NO spinous process posteriorly

Term

 

 

What is unique about the atlas?

Definition

C1 = the atlas

 

holds the head

has no body - transferred to C2 in evolution

no bifid spinous process

large superior articular facets - articulate with the skull

allows head to move in yes motion

 

Term

 

 

What is unique about the Axis?

Definition

C2 = Axis

 

has considerable amount of rotation occurs to produce no motion

contains the dens process that fits into the enlarged foramen of the atlas

 

 

Term

 

What are alveolar processes?

Definition

 

contained within the mandible and maxilla

space for the upper and lower teeth

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve I

Definition

 

 olfactory

traverses cribiform plate

sensory

smell

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve II

Definition

 

optic nerve

traverses the optic canal

sensory

sight/vision

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve III

Definition

 

occulomotor nerve

traverses the superior orbital fissure

motor/parasympathetic

eye muslce movment: superior, meidal, inferior rectus, infeiror oblique, levator paleprae, pupil constriction(Parasympathetic)

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve IV

Definition

trochlear nerve

traverses the superior orbital fissure

motor

superior oblique eye muscle

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve V

 

Definition

Trigeminal nerve

facial sensation, sensor/musscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, med/lat pterygoid)

V1 - opthalmic

superior orbital fissure, sensory, opthalmic region ,nose

V2 -maxillary

foramen rotundum, sensory, maxillary region, cheek

V3 - mandibular

foramen ovale, sensory/motor, mandible, chewing

 

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve VI

Definition

abducens nerve

superior orbital fissure

motor 

lateral rectus - eye movement

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve VII

Definition

Facial nerve

internal acoustic meatus

parasympathetic/sensory/motor

innervation of facial muscles for expression - motor

taste - 2/3 tongue - sensory

parotid/lacrimal gland - parasymp

 

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve VIII

Definition

Vestibulocochlear nerve

internal acoustic meatus

sensory

hearing and balance

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve IX

Definition

glossopharyngeal

jugular foramen

parasympathetic/motor/sensory

stylopharyngeal - motor

salivary gland - parasympathetic

1/3 of tongue taste - sensory

 

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve X

Definition

Vagus

jugular foramen/stylomastoid foramen

parasympathetic/motor/sensory

pharynx/visceral sensation - sensory

swallowing, muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeal) - motor

major parasympathetic, nerve supply body (visceral organs) - parasympathetic

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve XI

Definition

Acessory

jugular foramen and magnum foramen

motor

sternocleidomastoid/trapezius movement

Term

 

Describe:

cranial nerve XII

 

Definition

Hypoglossal

hypoglossal canal

motor

tongue movement

Term

 

What nerve innervates the skin of hte face and all the teeth?

Definition

 

CN V

Trigeminal

Term

 

Does it take more muscles to frown or smile?  Explain your answer.

Definition

 

Take more muscles to smile:

zygomaticus majoris, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris ale? nasi, orbicularis oris

plus the the muscles that lift up the corner of your eyes

orbicularis oculi

sometimes the frontalis is involved if it is a suprised smile

Term

 

Does it take more muscles to frown or smile? Explain.

Definition

It takes more muscles to smile.

There are more muscles above the lips that sereve to lift the lips (and contribute to nostril flaring)

and less muscles below that contribute to frowning (based on shear numbeR)

Term

 

Describe the trapezius muscle.

Definition

 

O - external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchal, C7-T12

I - clavicle, acromiun, spine of scapula

N - accessory

elevate, depress retract, rotate and fix scapula, extends neck

Term

 

What year was the anatomy laws passed in Idaho?

Definition

 

1969

Term

 

What was the name of the book that Vesalius wrote?

Definition

 

The Fabrica of Life

Term

 

What term is analogous to Cephalic?

Definition

 

Superior

(up)

Term

 

 

What term is analogous to Caudal?

Definition

 

Inferior

(down)

Term

 

 

What term is analogous to Dorsal?

Definition

 

Posterior

(back - which follows)

Term

 

 

Which term is analogous to Ventral?

Definition

 

Anterior

(front - meaning which goes before)

Term

 

 

List the static terms in reference to Dog and Human.

Definition

                             Dog                           Human

Cephalic            anterior                     superior

Caudal               posterior                   inferior

Dorsal                superior                    posterior

Ventral               inferior                      aterior

Term

 

 

Define: Coxal

Definition

 

 

Hip

Term

 

 

Define: Deep

Definition

 

structure toward the interior of the body

Term

 

Define: Superficial

Definition

 

structure close to the surface

Term

 

Define: inguinal

Definition

 

groin

Term

 

Define: Femoral

Definition

 

Thigh

Term

 

Define: Carpal

Definition

 

Wrist

Term

 

Define: Digital

Definition

 

Fingers

Term

 

Define: patellar

Definition

 

Kneecap

Term

 

Define: crural

Definition

 

Leg

Term

 

Define: Talus

Definition

 

Ankle

Term

 

Define: Pedal

Definition

 

Foot

Term

 

Describe the sagittal plane

Definition

 

runs vertically

separates into right and left halves

Term

 

Describe the Transverse plane

Definition

 

horizontal plane

separating superior and inferior

Term

 

Describe the frontal (coronal) plane

Definition

 

runs vertically from right to left

separates the anterior and posterior

Term

 

Describe Flexion

Definition

 

movement anterior to coronal plane

Term

 

Describe Extension

Definition

 

movement posterior to coronal plane

Term

 

Desribe:

Abduction

Adduction

Definition

 

Abduction: to take away - movement away from midline

 

Adduction: bring together - movement toward midline

Term

 

Describe: 

supination

and it's opposite

Definition

 

Supination: palm is up

 

opposite is pronation: plam is down

Term

 

Describe: inversion

Definition

 

supination

turning ankle so that plantar surface of the foot faces medially

Term

 

Describe eversion

Definition

 

pronation

turning ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally

Term

 

 

Name the four tissues types

(include a one word definition for each)

Definition

 

Epithlial                   lining

connective              matrix

muscular         contractile

nervous           conductive

Term

 

What are the two parts of tissue?

Definition

 

Cells

Matrix (all matrix belongs to CT)

Term

 

What are the characteristics of all cells?

Definition

 

Cells have:

membrane charge

membrane channels

contractile molecules

Term

 

 

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Definition

 

has basement membrane

no extra cellular matrix

junctions between cells

membrane channels

free surface at some point - lining

tightly packed cells

Term

 

How can you tell stratified columnar epithelium from pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Definition

 

They look a lot the same however stratified columnar don't have cilia and goblet cells.

Term

 

Where would you find transitional epithelium?

Definition

 

The bladder, ureters, or superior urethra

 

accomodates fluctuation in fluid volume

Term

 

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Definition

 

has a matrix - containing protein, fluid, carbohydrates, and minerals

has extracellular matrix

consists of a lot of cells (seen as cell bodies) separated by abundant ECM

Term

 

What are the three types of cartilage?

Definition

 

hyaline

fibrocartilage

elastic

Term

 

 

What are the two types of bone and why are they different?

Definition

 

Cancellous - spongy bone

has a lot of space due to trabeculae

acts as scaffolding to provide strength and support without the weight of compact bone

filled with hemopoietic tissue

 

Compact bone -

solid and almost no space between layers

found in the outer portion of bones

have osteocytes within the lacunae

compoased of a haversion system with blood vessels/nerves running thru haversian canals

Term

 

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

Definition

 

contractile

no ECM

Term

 

What are the three types of muscle?

Definition

 

smooth

cardiac

skeletal

Term

 

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Definition

striated (banded) fibers

voluntary

attaches to bone or other connective tissue

multinucleated cells

functions - body movement

Term

 

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Definition

striated fibers

single nucleus

branched fibers

connected via intercalated discs and gap junctions

involuntary

located in the heart

moves blood through the BVs

Term

 

What are the characterstics of smooth muscle?

Definition

not striated

single nucleus

involuntary

found in the walls of organs, BVs, eyes, glands and skin

contain gap junctions for communication

responsible for movement of blood, movement of food in Digestivce tract, pupil size, etc.

Term

 

What are the two types of neural tissue?

Definition

 

multipolar neurons

located in brain, spinal cord, and ganglia

 

unipolar neurons

conducts APs from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord

cell bodies located in ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

 

 

Term

 

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

Definition

 

excitable

no ECM

conductive of electrical signals (action potentials)

found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Term

 

What are the classifications of the vertebrae?

Definition

cervical - C1-C7

thoracic - T1-T12

lumbar - L1-L5

sacral - S1

coccyx- C1

Term

 

What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Definition

small bodies

most have bifid spinous process (C1 does not)

have transverse foramen in each transverse process

 

Term

 

What are the two triangles of the neck?

Definition

Posterior

 

Anterior

Term

 

Describe the Anterior triangle of the neck?

Definition

 

borders:

in front - midline - from chin to manubrium

SCM posteriorly

Mandible inferiorly

 

contains suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Term

 

Describe the Posterior triangle of the neck.

Definition

borders:

SCM anteriorly

trapezius posteriorly

clavicle inferiorly

Term

 

Describe the muscle that separates the posterior and anterior triangles of the neck.

Definition

Sternocleidomastoid:

O: manubrium and medial clavicle

I: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

N: CN XI - accessory

A: contract one: rotates and extends neck - rotation toward opposite side

contract both: flex neck and elevate face

Term

 

Describe the Trapezius muscle.

Definition

O: occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes from C1 - T12

I: clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine

N: CN XI - accessory

A: extends and laterally flexes neck

Term

 

Name the Infrahyoid muscles and their purpose.

 

Definition

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid (two bellies)

 

stabilizes mandible bone (hyoid)

Term

 

Name the Suprahyoid muscles.

Definition

Digastric (posterior/anteiror bellies)

geniohyoid

mylohyoid

stylohyoid

Term

 

Where do the nerves that innervate the infrahyoid muslces originate?

(also innervates the skin of the neck)

Definition

 

the ansa cevicalis

 

a loop between C1 and C3

Term

 

What structure of the skull do the deep muscles attach?

Definition

 

The superior and inferior nuchal lines

Term

 

What are the 4 prominent sutures of the skull?

Definition

Coronal

Sagittal

Lamboidal

Squamosal

Term

 

Which suture is found to connect the parietal bones with the frontal bone?

Definition

 

Coronal Suture

Term

 

Which suture joins the parietal bones with the occipital bone?

Definition

 

Lamboidal Suture

Term

 

Which suture joins the two parietal bones at the midline?

Definition

 

Sagittal suture

Term

 

Which suture is found to join the parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal bone?

Definition

 

Squamosal Suture

Term

 

Which Sutures can be seen from a superior view of the skull?

Definition

 

Coronal

Sagittal

Lamboid (depends on angle)

Term

 

How many bones compose the skull?

Definition

 

22

Term

 

What bones compose the face (viscerocranium)?

Definition

Maxilla (2)

Zygmatic (2)

Palatine (2)

Lacrimal (2)

Nasal (2)

Inferior nasal concha (2)

Vomer

Mandible

Term

 

What bones compose the cranial cavity (neurocranium)?

 

Definition

parietal (2)

temporal (2)

frontal

sphenoid

occipital

ethemoid

Term

 

What is the second most powerful muscle of the body?

(fun knowledge haha)

Definition

 

the temporalis

Term

 

What are the 4 sinuses of the skull?

Definition

frontal

ethmoidal labrynth

sphenoidal

maxillary

 

named for the bones that they are contained within

Term

 

What nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

Definition

 

Abducent (CN VI)

Term

 

What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

Definition

 

trochlear (CN IV)

Term

 

 

What is the origin of the inferior oblique muscle of the eye?  what is the origin of all the other muscles of the eye?

Definition

 

Inferior oblique: orital plate of the maxilla

 

all others: the common tendinous ring

Term

 

What is the H test?

Definition

it is a test to look at the movement of a patients eye and see if there are any innervation issues.

ptosis - if a pt cant do certain movements you can deduce which nerve is having a problem

Term

 

 

What nerve innervates the muscles of masstication?

Definition

 

The trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Term

 

What are the muscles testing (and their associated nerves) in the H-test?

Definition

Inferior Olique (III)                           Superior Rectus (III)

 

Lateral Rectus (VI)                                 Medial Rectus (III)

 

Superior Oblique (IV)                           Inferior Rectus (III)

Term

 

What are the muscles of mastication?

Definition

 

Masster

Temporalis

Medial Pterygoid

Lateral Pterygoid

Term

 

Describe the Masseter?

Definition

 

O: zygomatic arch

I: lateral side of the mandibular ramus

N: mandibular division of CN V

A: elevates and protracts mandible; involved in excursion

Term

 

Describe the temporalis

Definition

O: temporal fossa

I: anteiror portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process

N: mandibular division of CN V

A: elevates and retracts mandible; involved in excursion

Term

 

 

describe the lateral pterygoid

Definition

 

O: lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate and sphenoid

I: condylar process of mandible

N: mandibular division of CN V

A: protracts and depresses mandible; involved in excursion

Term

 

Describe the medial pterygoid

Definition

 

O: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla

I: medial surface of mandible

N: mandibular division of CN V

A: protracts and elevates mandible; involed in excursion

Term

 

What are the muscles involved in smiling?

Definition

zygomaticus major/minor -elevates and abduts upper lip

levator anguli oris - elevates the angles of the mouth

risorius - abducts angle of mouth

levator labii superioris - elevates upper lip

Term

 

What are the muscles of frowning?

Definition

depressor labii inferioris - depresses lower lip

depressor anguli oris - depresses angles of mouth

mentalis - elevates and wrinkles skin over chin; protrudes lowe lip

Term

 

What are the muscles of facial expression??

Definition

 

occiptiofrontalis - raises eyebrows and furrows skin of the forehead

orbiularis oculi - closes eyelids and causes crows feet

orbicularis oris - puckers the mouth and closes lips

levator palpebrae superioris - raises upper eyelids

Term

 

 

What is the only nerve to leave the head??

(name means the wondering nerve)

Definition

 

The vagus nerve - CN X

 

goes to pharynx/larynx (sensory)

palate/pharynx/larynx (motor)

parasympathetic to whole body

Term

 

 

What is the best college football team?

Definition

 

 

Boise State Broncos!!!!!

:)

Term

 

list or diagram the nuclei of the brainstem and state which cranial nerve and function is associated with each.

Definition
[image]
Term

 

List the four major major matrix components by which CT is classified?

Definition

protein (collagen, elastin)

proteoglycan

water

mineral

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