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Anatomy Exam 4
Back, Abdomen, Head, Neck
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/25/2009

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Term
Transverse Processes (2)
Definition
project lateral and somewhat posterior -- located between pedicle and lamina
Term
Spinous process (1)
Definition
Posterior, easy to palpate, and has important muscular attachment
Term
Pedicles (2)
Definition
Between the body and transverse processes
Term
Lamina (2)
Definition
between transverse and spinous processes
Term
Mamillary Processes (2)
Definition
Small projection coming off of the superior articulating processes
-only found on the lumbar vertebrae
Term
Superior/inferior articulating processes
Definition
structures articulate with one another and form a facet joint on each side
Term
Vertebral Arch
Definition
posterior to the body and consists of the pedicles, lamina, spinous and transverse processes, and superior/inferior articulating processes
Term
Superior/inferior vertebral notches
Definition
-Viewed by examination from the saggital perspective
-together they form the intervertebral foramen and spinal nerves comes off the spinal cord
Term
Facet Joint
Definition
formed by a superior articulating process of a vertebrae below and an inferior articulating process of a vertebrae above
-two per vertebrae and each has a joint capsule
-Influences rotation and other motions
-limited in lumbar but signifcant in cervical
-more infuries in lumbar
-cervical injuries usually found in gymnasts.
Term
Sacrum
Definition
Comprised of (5) fused bones
-provides strength and stability to pelvis and transmits body weight to the pelvic girdle
-superior half is wight bearing and inferior portion isn't
Term
Base of sacrum has a superior articular process that joins with the inferior articular process of (which vertebrae
Definition
L5
Term
What is on the posterior of the sacrum?
Definition
the median and lateral sacral crests (which are a fusion of the S1-S5 spinous processes)
Term
What is the fusion of the S1-S5 Sacral processes
Definition
the median and lateral sacral crests
Term
What is superior and posterior to the apex
Definition
the Sacral hiatus
Term
What is the sacral hiatus shaped like
Definition
horseshoe shaped
Term
the sacral hiatus lead into ( ) and houses ( )
Definition
( ) leads into the sacral canal and houses spinal nerves
Term
Ossification
Definition
from cariliage to bone
Term
Coccyx is comprised of (#) fused bones
Definition
( ) is comprised of 4 fused bones
Term
( ) openings on each side of the sacrum are known as the sacral foramina
Definition
4 opens on each side of the sacrum are known as the ( )
Term
The last three coccygeal bones often fuse during ( )
Definition
the last ( ) bones often fuse during midlife
Term
( ) forms a beak like bone
Definition
coccyx forms a ( ) like bone
Term
Spinal cord ends at ( )
Definition
( ) ends at L1-L2
Term
Cauda Equina
Definition
bundle of spinal nerves at that distal portion of the spinal cord and resembles a horse's tail
Term
conus medullaris
Definition
most distal portion of the spinal cord at L1-L2 and comes to a pointed cone end
Term
Filum terminale
Definition
terminal portion of pia mater that runs off the distal end of the spinal cord,
Term
Intervertebral discs are thickest in the ( ) region
Definition
( ) disks are thickest in the lumbar region
Term
the ( ) and ( ) comprise intervertebral discs
Definition
the annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus comprise ( )
Term
Annulus fibrosis
Definition
outer fibrous structure of the disc
-thicker anterior and thinner posterior
Term
Nucleus pulposus
Definition
-gelatin/water substance located in the center of the intervertebral disc.
-water content is max at brith and decresaed with age -- dehydrated by age 60 -- decreased ROM
-dehydrates during the day and rehydrates during the night
Term
Nucleus is (avasuclar/vascular)?

- lumbar nerve root
Definition
avascular.
0can protrude through the annulus fibrosis resulting in impingement on a ( ) ( ) ( )
Term
herniated discs typically occur at ( )
Definition
( ) typically occurs at L4-L5
Term
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
supports the anterior portion of the vertebral column -- runs entire length of the vertebral column (C1-distal sacrum)
Term
Anterior longitudinal ligament prevents ()
-attaches anteriorly to the vertebral discs
Definition
() longitudinal ligament prevents hyperextension
Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
provides posterior support to the vertebral column and runs from bodies of C2 (axis to the sacrum)
Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament prevents ()
-runs in vertebral canal and prevents flexion
Definition
() longitudinal ligament prevent flexion
Term
Interspinous ligament
Definition
attaches between the spinous processes of the verebrae and prevents them from opening up on one another
Term
Supraspinous ligament
Definition
cordlike structure that runs posterior to the spinous proceses
-C7 to sacrum --prevents excessive forward flexion
Term
supraspinous ligament prevents ()
Definition
() ligament prevents excessive forward flexion
Term
Thorocolumbar fascia
Definition
extensive fascial sheath and superficial
-covers lumbar and thoracic region
-very thick and strong in lumbar region and thin and somewhat transparent in thoracic area
-runs from both iliac crest, 12th ribs, and attaches to the internal oblique muscles
Term
Lumbosacral plexus is divided in three parts: ( ) , ( ), ( ).
Definition
Superior, middle, inferior
Term
Superior Lumbosacral contains 5 nerves: ( ), (), (), (), ()
Definition
WHERE ARE THESE NERVES LOCATED?
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
Iliohypogastric (T12-L1)
ilioinguinal (T12-L1)
Lateral femoral cutaneous (L1-L4)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Term
Obturator nerve
Definition
(L2-L4)
innervates the adductor muscles of the thigh and pectineus
-Nerve of the Superior lumbosacral plexus
Term
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Definition
(L1-L4)
hass innervations to the psoas major/minor and the quadrates lumborum
-Nerve of the superior lumbosacral plexus
Term
iliohypogastric nerve
Definition
(T12-L1)
innervates the abdominal muscles
[so does the ilioinguinal @ (T12-L1)]
-Nerve of the superior lumbosacral plexus
Term
genitofemoral nerve
Definition
(L1-L2)
innervates male and female genitalia plus male cremaster muscle
-girls do not have the cremaster muscle (contracts testicles to bring them into the inquinal region when cold)
-Nerve of the Superior lumbosacral plexus
Term
Inferior lumbosacral plexus (pudendal plexus) contains what 4 nerves?
Definition
WHERE ARE THESE NERVES LOCATED?
Posterior femoral cutaneous (S2-S3)
Annococcygeal (S4-S5,C1)
Perforating cutaneous nerve
Pudendal (S2-S4)
Term
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Definition
(S2-S3)
has innervatinos to the inferior portion of the scrotum
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus
Term
Annococcygeal nerve
Definition
(S4-S5, C1)
-has innervations to the abdominal cavity and genitalia
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus
Term
perforating cutaneous nerve
Definition
(S2-S3)
innervates the medial aspect of the buttocks
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus
Term
pudendal nerve
Definition
(S2-S4) innervated the abdominal cavity and genitalia
Term
Middle lumbosacral plexus have what 4 nerves?
Definition
The peroneal, tibial, gluteal, and plantar nerves are where?
Term
Abdominal aorta
-(lumbar)
Definition
Part of the descending aorta
-branches supply the ( ) region
Term
Lumbar and medial sacral come off of the ( ) and supply the lumbar and S1 regions
Definition
Lumbar and medial sacral comes off the of abdominal aorta and supply the ( ) and ( ) regions
Term
Common iliac further subdivides into the () and ( )
Definition
() further subdivides into the external and internal (hypogastric) arteries
-provides blood supply to sacrum and coccyx region.
Term
cornu
Definition
Latin for HORN
Term
Intervertebral discs account for ()% of the total length of the vertebral column
Definition
25%
Term
Typical Vertebra
Definition
vertebrae that have a body, vertebral arch, and various processes
Term
Atypical vertebra
Definition
vertebra that have structural differences, such as no vertebral body or unusually shaped processes
Term
In the cervical region, which vertebrae are considered typical, and which are atypical?
Definition
typical: C3-C6
atypical: C1,C2,C7
Term
Atlas
(?) = axis
Definition
the cervical vertebrae (C1) that has no vertebral body or spinous process, is a ring like structure, and is often described as a washer that stis between the occipital condyles of the skull and C2 or known as the (?)
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