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Anatomy Exam 3
Orbit I & II
78
Anatomy
Graduate
02/17/2010

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Cards

Term
What bone makes up the roof of the orbit?
Definition
Frontal bone
Term
What bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit? 2
Definition

- Sphenoid (greater wing)

- Zygomatic bone

Term
What bone makes up the floor of the orbit?
Definition
Maxilla
Term
What bones make up the medial wall of the orbit? 3
Definition

- Ethmoid

- Lacrimal

- Palatine

Term
What foramen are present in the orbit? 3
Definition

- Superior orbital fissure

- Optic foramen

- Inferior obital fissure

Term

Name the orbit structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Frontal bone

2) Ethmoid

3) Lacrimal

4) Palatine

5) Maxilla

6) Zygomatic bone

7) Inferior orbital fissure

8) Sphenoid (greater wing)

9) Superior orbital fissure

10) Optic foramen

Term
What is a blow out fracture?
Definition
- Baseball injury: too much pressure -> bones of the orbit implode
Term

What is another name for the eyelid?

 

Name the structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

Tarsus

 

1) Upper tarsus

2) Orbital septum

3) Lower tarsus

4) Palpebral fissure

Term

What is chalazion?

 

What is a stye?

Definition

Blockage/inflammation of the tarsal gland

 

Blockage/inflammation of a sweat gland

Term
What lines the eyelids & covers the eyeball?
Definition
Conjunctiva
Term

Name the lining of the eyes:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Palpebral conjunctiva

2) bulbar conjunctiva

Term

What are the "pockets" called/created when the eye is open?

 

What is the sac created/called when the eye is closed?

 

What are the components?

Definition

Superior & inferior fornices

 

Conjunctival sac

 

Bulbar & palpebral conjunctiva

Term

What is inflamation of the conjunctiva called?

 

What conjunctiva does it usually affect?

Definition

Conjunctivitis or pinkeye

 

Palpebral

Term

What 2 muscles are responsible for keeping the eyelid open?

 

Which is the main muscle responsible for this?

Definition

- Levator palpebrae superioris

- Superior tarsal

 

Levator palpebrae superioris

Term

What nerve is levator palpebrae superioris innervated by?

 

What type of muscle is it?

Definition

CN III

 

- Striated m

- Extra occular m

Term

What is superior tarsal innervated by?

 

What type of muscle is it?

Definition

Sympathetic NS

 

- Smooth m

- Helper m

Term

What is drooping of the eyelid called?

 

What nerve damage does this indicate?

Definition

Ptosis

 

Damage to CN III

Term

Name the structures in the lacrimal apparatus:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Lacrimal gland

2) Lacrimal punctum

3) Lacrimal canaliculus

4) Lacrimal sac

5) Nasolacrimal duct

6) Lacrimal caruncle

7) Plica semilunaris

8) Excrteory ducts

Term

How many layers does the eye have?

 

 

Definition
3
Term
What is the 1st layer of th eye called?
Definition
Fibrous tunic
Term

Name the structures in the fibrous tunic:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Cornea

2) Limbus

3) Extraocular m

4) Dura

5) Sclera

Term
What structures make up the 2nd layer of the eye? 5
Definition

1) Iris

2) Constrictor pupillae

3) Dilator pupillae m

4) Ciliary body/muscle

5) Choroid

Term

Name the structures of the 2nd layer of the eye:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Iris, constrictor pupillae, dilator pupillae

2) Ciliay body & muscle

3) Choroid

Term
What structures make up the 3rd layer of the eye? 3
Definition

- Pigement retina

- Optic retina

- Fovea

Term

Name the structures in the 3rd layer of the eye:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Optic retina

2) Fovea

Term
What type of innervation does the constrictor pupillae recieve?
Definition
PS
Term
What type of innervation does dilator pupillae mm recieve?
Definition
S
Term
What type of innervation do ciliary m recieve?
Definition
PS
Term

Name the structures associated w the optic nerve:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Macula lutea w fovea

2) Optic nerve

3) Subarachnoid space

4) Dura

5) Optic disk

Term

What is the optic disk aka/cause?

 

What is not present in the optic disk?

Definition

Blind spot

 

Photoreceptors

Term

Name the structures associated with the lens:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Ciliary body/muscle

2) Suspensory ligaments of zinn

3) Lens

4) Pupil

Term
How do the muscles work to accomodate near objects? 3
Definition

- Ciliary muscles contract

- Suspensory ligaments relax

- Lens becomes rounder

Term

Name the fluids contained in the eye:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Aqueous humor

2) Vitreous humor

Term

What foramina is this?

 

What nerve does thru thus?

 

[image]

Definition

Optic foramen/canal

 

Optic nerve

Term

Name the structures assoicated w the optic canal:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Optic nerve

2) Optic chiasm

4) Optic tract

Term

What foramen is this?

 

What nerves go thru this? 4

 

[image]

Definition

Superior orbital fissure

 

1) Oculomotor (3)

2) Trochlear (4)

3) V1 opthalmic division of trigemenal (5)

4) Abducens (6)

 

 

Term

What type of innervation does oculomotor provide?

 

To what muscles? 5

Definition

Motor

 

 1) Levator palpebrae superioris

2) Medial rectus

3) Superior rectus

4) Inferior rectus

5) Inferior oblique

Term
What muscle does trochlear nerve innervate?
Definition
Superior oblique
Term
Where does the trigeminal nerve branch into it's 3 divisions?
Definition
in the cavernous sinus
Term
What does the opthalmic division of CN 5 branch into? 3
Definition

1) Nasocilicary

2) Frontal

3) Lacrimal

Term
What information does the nasocilicary n from the ophthalmic division/V1 of trigeminal nerve (5) provide?
Definition
Sensory info from nasal cavity, cornea & sclera
Term
What information does the frontal n from the ophthalmic division/V1 of trigeminal nerve (5) provide?
Definition
Sensory from skin of forehead & scalp
Term
What information does the Lacrimal n from the ophthalmic division/V1 of trigeminal nerve (5) provide?
Definition
Sensory from lacrimal gland, conjunctiva & upper eyelid
Term

Name the structures associated with the ophthalmic division/V1 of trigeminal nerve (5):

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Superior oblique muscle

2) Ophthalmic division of trigemenal (5)

3) Trochlear n

4) Trigeminal ganglion

5) Nasocilicary n

6) Lacrimal n

7) Frontal n

Term
What muscle does the abducens n (6) innervate?
Definition
Lateral rectus m
Term

What nerve is this?

 

[image]

Definition
Abducens n
Term
What are the 3 nerves in the head that carry preganglionic parasympathetic innervation?
Definition

- CN 3

- CN 7

- CN 9

Term
What nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic destined for the orbit?
Definition
CN 3
Term
What ganglion houses postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies in the orbit?
Definition
Ciliary ganglion
Term
What are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head?
Definition

- C iliary (3)

- O tic (9)

- P terygopalatine (7)

- S ubmandibular (7)

Term

Where do preganglionic PS nerves to the eye come from?

 

Where does it synapse on?

 

Where are post ganglionic cell bodies to the eye fround?

 

What nerves do the post ganglionics travel on?

 

What muscles do the post ganglionics innervate? 2

Definition

CN 3: Oculomotor

 

Ciliary ganglion

 

Ciliary ganglion

 

Short ciliary nerves

 

- Constrictor pupillae

- Ciliary muscles

 

Term

Name the ganglion and associate structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Short ciliary nerves

2) Ciliary ganglion

3) Oculomotor nerve

Term
What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
Definition
CN VII
Term

Where are preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies found that are destined for the head?

 

Where do preganglionic sympathetic ganglion synapse?

 

What structure is preganglionic sympathetic ganglion closely associated with?

 

Where are post ganglionic sympathetic axons found?

 

Definition

T1-L2 (mostly T1 & T2)

 

Superior cervical ganglion (C1-C4)

 

Internal & external carotid a

 

Internal & external carotid plexus

Term
What structures in the eye does internal carotid plexus innervate? 3
Definition

Postganglionic S to:

- Dilator pupillae m

- Superior tarsal m

- Lacrimal gland

Term
What is the main branch of the internal carotid artery?
Definition
Opthalmic a
Term

What does the internal carotid a supply?

 

What does the external carotid a supply?

 

 

Definition

Brain & eye

 

Face

Term
What muscle is not considered an extra occular muscle?
Definition
Lavator palpebrae superioris
Term

Name the muscles of the eye:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Levator palpebrae superioris m

2) Superior rectus m

3) Lateral rectus m

4) Inferior oblique m

5) Inferior rectus m

6) Medial rectus m

7) Superior oblique m

 

Term

Where do all the extraoccular mm originate from?

 

What is the one exception?

 

Where does that originate from?

Definition

Greater wing of the sphenoid

 

Inferior oblique

 

Frontal bone

Term

What are 5 of the 7 extraocular mm innervated by?

 

What 2 muscles are not innervated by the nerve above?

Definition

CN 3: occularmotor

 

- Superior oblique m

- Lateral rectus m

Term
What is lateral rectus m innervated by?
Definition
Abducent n (6)
Term
What is superior oblique innervated by?
Definition
Trochlear n (4)
Term

Name the structures in the orbit:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Superior oblique

2) Trochlea

3) Levator palpebrae superioris

4) Lateral rectus

Term
Where do the extraocular muscles originate from?
Definition
Common tendinous ring
Term

Name the extraoccular muscles:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Trochlea

2) Superior rectus

3) Lateral rectus

4) Optic nerve

5) Levator palpebrae superioris

6) Inferior rectus

7) Common tendinous ring

8) Medial rectus

9) Superior oblique

Term

What is the primary position of the eye?

 

What muscles are used to achieve this result?

Definition

Looking straight ahead

 

All

Term
What is the optic axis?
Definition
Between anterior & posterior poles of the eye -> fovea lines up w object of vision
Term

What is strabismus?

 

What does it cause?

Definition

Divergence of the optic axes

 

Diplopia/double vision

Term
What are the 3 axes of the eyeball?
Definition

- Mediolateral axis

- Superoinferior axis

- Anteroposterior axis

Term
What movements function around the mediolateral axis?
Definition
Elevation & depression
Term
What movements function around the superoinferior axis?
Definition
Adduction & abduction
Term
What movements function around the anteropoesterior  axis?
Definition
Intorsion (CCW) & extorsion (CW)
Term

What is muscle action?

 

What is muscle function?

Definition

Movement produced by shortening of muscle

 

Desired effect of muslce

Term
How is torsion cause?
Definition
When muscles of the eye are recruited in isolation
Term

What 2 muscles do not insert at an angel on the eyeball?

 

What 2 muscles are the only ones that can be recruited by themselves?

Definition

- Medial rectus

- Lateral rectus

 

- Medial rectus

- Lateral rectus

Term
What are the actions of superior rectus? 3
Definition

- Elevates

- Adducts

- Intorts

Term
What 2 muscles have functions/actions opposite their name?
Definition

- Superior oblique

-Inferior oblique

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