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Anatomy Exam 3
The Ear
38
Anatomy
Graduate
02/15/2010

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Cards

Term

What are the 3 regions of the ear?

 

[image]

Definition

1) External ear

2) Middle ear

3) Inner ear

Term
What are the primary roles of the ear? 2
Definition

1) Hearing: frequency, loudness & direction of sound waves (all 3 regions)

2) Equilibrium: detect gravity & movements of head (inner ear) 

Term

Name the strutures of the external ear:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Auricle/pinna

2) Concha

3) External auditory meatus

Term

Name the structures of the outer ear:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Helix

2) Antihelix

3) Antitragus

4) Lobe

5) Tragus

6) Concha

Term

What is the skeleton of the outer ear made up of?

 

What part of the outer ear has no cartilage?

 

Name the structures of the cartilage of the outer ear:

 

 [image]

Definition

Elastic cartilage

 

Lobe

 

1) Spine of the helix

2) Crus of helix

3) Lamina of tragus

4) Fissure of tragus

5) Tail of helix

6) Helix

Term

What is the EAM composed of?

 

What is it lined w & why?

 

 

Definition

Cartilage & bone

 

Glands that produce serumen(ear wax) to trap particles preventing it from entering near ear drum

Term

Name the structures in the middle ear:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Petrous portion of the temporal bone

2) Malleus

3) Incus

4) Stapes

5) Stapedius

6) Round window

7) Auditory tube

8) Tympanic cavity

9) External auditory canal

10) Tympanic membrane

Term

What are the 2 membranes in the middle ear?

 

What shape is the ear drum?

 

What seals the oval window?

 

What is the round window continuous with?

 

What is concidered the opening of the inner ear?

Definition

- Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

- Membrane of round window (2nd tympanic membrane)

 

Conical

 

Stapes

 

Cochlea

 

Oval window

Term

Name the parts of the tympanic membrane:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Flaccid part

2) Cone of light

3) Umbo

4) Tense part

Term
What structure is the middle ear cavity continuous with? 2
Definition

- Auditory tube -> pharynx

- Mastoid air cells

Term

What middle ear bone is this?

 

What structure is it directly connected to?

 

Name the parts:

 

[image]

 

Definition

Malleus

 

Ear drum

 

1) Head

2) Neck

3) Lateral process

4) Anterior process

5) Manubrium

Term

What middle ear bone is this?

 

Name the parts:

 

 [image]

Definition

Incus

 

1) Body

2) Short process

3) Long process

4) Lenticular process

Term

What middle ear bone is this?

 

Name the parts:

 

What part inserts into the oval window?

 

What is the smallest bone in the body?

 

 [image]

Definition

Stapes

 

1) Neck

2) Head

3) Posterior crus

4) Anterior crus

5) Footplate

 

Footplate

 

Stapes

Term

How does the middle ear function?

 

What are the 2 mechanism that help the middle ear transmit sound into the inner ear?

Definition

1) Vibration -> Malleus -> incus ->stapes vibrates mecanically (pushes in & out on the oval window)

 

- Lever arm mechanism

- Hydrolic mechanism

Term

What middle ear muscle is this?

 

What nerve is it innervated by? 

 

What bone does it attach to?

 

[image]

Definition

Tensor tympani

 

V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve 5)

 

Malleus

Term

What nerve is found in the middle ear?

 

What does 1 nerve give rise to?

 

What type of innervation does it provide & where?

 

Name the nerves:

 

[image]

Definition

Chorda tympani

 

Chorda tympani

 

- PS to bottom of mouth

- Sensory (taste) back from anterior of tongue

 

1) Facial n

2) Chorda tympani

Term

What nerve is the stapedius tendon innervated by?

 

What 2 muscles are found in the middle ear?

 

What are their functions?

Definition

Facial nerve (7)

 

- Stapedius

- Tensor tympani

 

Pull on ossicles to prevent overstimulation of inner ear

Term

Name the structures:

 [image]

Definition

2) Facial n (7)

3) stapedius tendon

Term

What nerve innervates the ear drum?

 

What nerves innervate the round window?

Definition

Chorda tympani n

 

- CN 9 glossopharyngeal -> tympanic n -> tympanic plexus -> lesser petrosal n

Term

What are the 3 major portions that make up the body labyrinth?

 

What is the superior hole?

 

What is the inferior hole?

 

[image]

Definition

1) Semicircular canals

2) Vestibule

3) Cochlea

 

Oval window

 

Round window

Term
What bone is the inner ear found in?
Definition
Petrosal portion of the tempral bone
Term
What nerves innervate cochlea & vestibule?
Definition
CN 8 vestibulocochear nerve
Term

Name the structures in the membranous labyrinth:

 

Where are these found?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Utricle

2) Semicircular ducts

3) Saccule

4) Cochlear duct

 

Inside the boney labyrinth

Term

Where are the sensory cells found?

 

What do they help detect? 2

Definition

Inside the saccule

 

- Balance (semicircular canals)

- Hearing (cochlea)

 

Term

What fluid is found in membranous tubes?

 

What fluid is found in the boney tubes?

Definition

Endolymph

 

Perilymph

Term

What does the brain use to figure out the direction of gravity & sound?

 

Name the structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

Hair cells

 

Stereocillia

Term

What is the connection of the boney labyrinth at the tip of the cochlea called?

 

 [image]

Definition
Helicotrema
Term

What is the path of sound thru the cochlea?

 

What is found in the middle? 

 

How does sound stimulate hair cells?

 

What is the name of where the hair cells are found?

 

 [image]

Definition

Thru:

1) Scala vestibuli

2) Helicotrema

3) Scala tympani

 

Cochlear duct/scala media?

 

Sound waves crest in 1 -> Press down on scala media -> stimulate hair cells

 

Organ of corti

Term
[image]
Definition

1) Scala vestibuli

2) Vestibular membrane

3) Osseus spiral lamina

4) Scala tympani

5) Organ of corti

6) Basilar membrane

7) Spiral ligament

8) Hair cells

9) Cochlea

Term

Where do high frequency/pitch sound crest?

 

Where do low frequency/pitch sound crest?

 

Name the ends of the cochlear duct:

 

 [image]

Definition

Early/base end (SV)

 

Late apex end (SV)

 

1) Apex

2) Base

Term

What are the 2 different types of hair cells?

 

What are their functions?

 

What membrane moves to detect sound?

Definition

- Inner hair cells

- Outer hair cells

 

- Inner: detect sound

- Outer: control vibrations of basilar membrane (filters out unnecessary sound)

 

Basilar membrane

Term

What is found in the vestibule?

 

Where are the hair cells found?

 

Name the structures of the vestibule:

 

 [image]

Definition

Hair cells

 

- Saccule

- Utricule

 

1) Vestibule

2) Utricule

3) Saccule

 

Term

What the function of odoliths?

 

How are we able to detect gravity?

Definition

Add mass

 

Position of head pulls on genatinous layer -> moves hair cells -> signals brain

Term
What movement do hair cells in the saccule detect?
Definition
Static equilibrium & head tilting forward & back
Term

Name the sturctures of the hair cells found in the semicircular duct:

 

Where are these hair cells found?

 

 [image]

Definition

Cupula

 

On the base of the semicircular canal

Term
How do the hair cells in the semicircular canals detect movement?
Definition
Movement moves endolymph -> moves cupula -> stimulates hair cells
Term
What type of movement do hair cells in the semi circular canal detect?
Definition

- Movement back & forth

- Dynamic equilibrium

Term

Movement dectected by:

1) Semicircular canal

2) Vestibule

3) Cochlea

Definition

1) Circular movement

2) Gravity/momentum of body

3) Sound

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