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Anatomy Exam 3
N/A
136
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2011

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Term
Uniaxial Joint
Definition
allows movement/rotation around one axis. [Hinge & Pivot]
Term
Hinge
Definition
[uniaxial joint] a rounded bone that fits into a groove in another joint. like a door. (elbow)
Term
Pivot
Definition
knob fits into another bone (radius against ulna)
Term
Biaxial
Definition
two bones. [saddle condyle]
Term
Saddle
Definition
only place in body is the thumb. (looks like person sitting on a saddle)
Term
Condyloid
Definition
moves in two planes. Bump fits into shallow groove. [how head sits on shoulders]
Term
Multiaxial
Definition
allows movement in more than two planes. [ball & socket joint & Gliding Joint]
Term
Ball & Socket Joint
Definition
huge ball that fits into indentation/cuplike depression (leg in hip/ shoulder joint)
Term
Gliding Joint
Definition
move in practically any direction [process between vertebrae] (like two pieces of ice sliding over each other)
Term
Flexion
Definition
lessens/decreases angle from anatomical position. eg: bending elbow, clenching fist, etc.
Term
Extension
Definition
angle restores to anatomical position.
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
increases the angle beyond what is normal. bending back further
Term
Plantar Flexion
Definition
like pointing or curling foot under sole
Term
Dorsiflextion
Definition
pointing or curling foot up, towards dorsal
Term
Abduction
Definition
move bone AWAY from midline of body
Term
Adduction
Definition
move bone TOWARDS midline of body
Term
Circumduction
Definition
full rotation. making a complete circle. [distal part of wrist]
Term
Rotation
Definition
move around long axis (like head)
Term
Supination
Definition
turning palms up [forearm] lying face up
Term
Pronation
Definition
turning palms back down
Term
Gliding Movement
Definition
two bones that move across each other's surface. Any direction. [wrist and ankles]
Term
Inversion
Definition
soles of feet are turned inward facing each other (medially)
Term
Eversion
Definition
soles of feet are turned outwards (facing away)
Term
Protraction
Definition
thrust [jaw] foreward
Term
Retraction
Definition
put [jaw] back into anatomical position
Term
Elevation
Definition
part of body moves up
Term
Depression
Definition
part of body moving back down
Term
Lateral Excursion
Definition
when mandible goes away from head
Term
Medial Excursion
Definition
When mandible goes back towards middle of head
Term
Opposition
Definition
brings thumb and pinky together Ability to grasp things.
Term
Reposition
Definition
brings thumb and pinky back to neutral anatomical position
Term
Combined Movements
Definition
most movements in body are a combination of both
Term
Kinesiology
Definition
study of movement
Term
Goniometer
Definition
used to measure ROM [range of motion]
Term
Shoulder Joint
Definition
ball and socket joint. Head of humerus fits into glenoid fossa in scapula (not very stable) very shallow depression. All the muscles and ligaments hold it together better. For mobility not stability.
Term
Hip Joint
Definition
femur head sits firmly into acetabulum. Ball and socket joint. For stability not mobility.
Term
Vertebrae
Definition
cartilaginous joints. Annulus fibrous is the fibrocartilage that lashes vertebrae together
Term
Every muscle has an origin and insertion. Define these.
Definition
Origin: anchor point for muscle to bone.
Insertion: ties onto skeleton somewhere else. Point that moves when a muscle contracts.
Term
Agonist
Definition
prime mover. any muscle that plays a major role in muscle movement. [biceps in arm]
Term
antagonist
Definition
opposite of agonist. good thing. Undoes the flexing. [triceps undo biceps]
Term
synergist
Definition
helps the agonists movement
Term
Genioglossus
Definition
runs from chin to tongue [glossus = tongue] relaxes with anesthesia
Term
Urethal Sphincter
Definition
runs from bladder to outside. Body constantly making urine, keeps it from excreting all the time.
Term
Bulbosphongiosis
Definition
propels the sperm out of body
Term
Cremaster
Definition
sensitive production of sperm
Term
Dartos
Definition
regulates location of scrotum
Term
How many muscles does it take to frown?
Definition
43
Term
How many muscles to smile?
Definition
17
Term
Palmaris Longus Muscle
Definition
16% of Caucasians missing it in one or both sides (located in wrists). Flexes the wrist
Term
Achilles Tendon
Definition
Calcaneal tendon. Very vulnerable part of body. Helps you with walking/standing erect.
Term
Kinesiology
Definition
study of movement
Term
Urethal
Definition
runs from bladder to outside. Always making urine. Keeps it from dripping out.
Term
Cremaster
Definition
Sensitive production of sperm
Term
Subcutaneous Muscles
Definition
muscles of facial expression.
43- frown
17-smile
Term
Transverse Ligament
Definition
binds menisci together
Term
Inversion
Definition
sides of feet turn inward
Term
Muscle
Definition
an organ. Made up of connect tissue. Made of bundles.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
sarcoplasm
Term
Circumduction
Definition
moving in a circular motion (wrist turning)
Term
Extension
Definition
joint straightens out to anatomical position
Term
Abduction
Definition
moving bone away from midline of body
Term
Endomysium
Definition
inside. little bundles of muscle cells
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
increased angle. Beyond anatomical position.
Term
Protraction
Definition
moving forward (jaw)
Term
Tendon
Definition
muscle to bone. Connective tissue. Rope-like
Term
Reposition
Definition
pulling thumb & little finger apart back to anatomical position
Term
Fascia
Definition
covering outside of tissue, holds skin onto muscle
Term
Opposition
Definition
bring thumb & little finger together
Term
Genioglossus
Definition
runs from chin to tongue. Relaxes with anesthesia. [glossus=tongue]
Term
Meniscus
Definition
crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage to cushion movement of 2 bones
Term
Elevation
Definition
body part moves up (eating)
Term
Retraction
Definition
moving backward (jaw)
Term
Depression
Definition
body part moves down (eating) depressed shoulders
Term
Arthroplasty
Definition
replacing a joint (hip)
Term
Eversion
Definition
soles of feet turn outward
Term
Plantar Flexion
Definition
pointing toe downwards
(towards plants)
Term
Flexion
Definition
angle decreases between 2 bones
Term
Arthroscopy
Definition
surgicaly repair a joint
Term
Gluteus Maximus shots
Definition
divided into 4 quadrants. Can't put shot into blood vessels.
Sciatic nerve- paralyze
Term
Adduction
Definition
moving bone towards midline of body
Term
Goniometer
Definition
measures ROM
Term
Contractility
Definition
muscle gets a lot shorter
[muscle cells]
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
sarcolemma.
- alterations in the sarcolemma membrane (stability & repair system) can lead to muscular dystrophy.
Term
Hamstrings
Definition
so strong can 'hang a ham'.
- Biceps Femoris
- Semitendonosus
- Semimembraneous
Term
Multiaxial
Definition
Allows movement in more than 2 planes.
- Ball & Socket joint &
- Gliding Joint
Term
Dorsiflextion
Definition
foot moving upward, flexed.
Term
Pronation
Definition
palms facing downward
Term
Supination
Definition
palms facing up
Term
Rotation
Definition
move around long axis (head turning)
Term
Synergist
Definition
helps a muscle do its job
Term
Antagonist
Definition
opposite of agonist. [triceps] Undoes flexing [of biceps]
Term
Agonist
Definition
prime mover. Muscle that plays major role in movement. [biceps]
Term
Uniaxial
Definition
allows movements/rotation around one axis.
- Hing & Pivot
Term
Lateral Excursion
Definition
mandible goes outside while eating
Term
ACL
Definition
connects front of knee [tibia] to femur.
- cross shaped
Term
PCL
Definition
connects back of knee [femur] to the front.
- cross shaped
Term
Tibial Colateral Ligament
Definition
connect femur to tibia.
runs along side
Term
Peramysium
Definition
separatse fassicles (lots of cells)
Term
Dartos
Definition
regulates location of scrutum. Sensitive production of sperm.
Term
Triad
Definition
Tubules surrounded by myofibril
Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
connective tissue.
big sheath
Term
Excitability
Definition
can be stimulated from nervous system.
Term
ER
Definition
has extensive ER called (SR) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
Fibular Collateral Ligament
Definition
femur connects to belt buckle bone.
runs along the side
Term
Tendon Sheath
Definition
Covers tendon.
produces synovial fluid
Term
Rotator Cuff
Definition
allows upper arm movement.
S.upraspinatus
I.nfraspinatus
T.eres Minor
S.ubscapularis
Term
Palmaris Longus Muscle
Definition
located in wrist. Allows contraction (gripping) 16% Caucasians missing it
Term
muscles of respiration
Definition
Intercostals
Internalcostals
Diaphragm
Term
Biaxial
Definition
Two Bones
- Saddle &
- Condyloid
Term
Bulbosphongiosis
Definition
propels sperm out of body
Term
Spincter
Definition
muscle surrounding a hole when it contracts it closes (digestion)
Term
Origin
Definition
anchor point where muscle attaches to bone
Term
Medial Excursion
Definition
mandible goes back to anatomical position while eating
Term
Extensibility
Definition
[in muscle cells]
(Elasticity) after its excited, & then contracts, its able to restore itself to go back to normal
Term
Insertion
Definition
point that moves when muscle contracts
Term
Nucleus Pulposus
Definition
liquid in between each vertebrae
Term
Elastic Filaments
Definition
made of connectin or titin. Like a spring. Allows muscle to go to its original state
Term
Dystrophin
Definition
when defective causes muscle dystrophy
Term
Titin
Definition
largest protein in body.
spring like.
over 189,000 letters used to describe protein molecule.
largest known polypetide.
Term
Thin Myofilaments
Definition
Pink.
Where I Bands are located.
Made of actin filaments that are ball shaped.
Makes a double helix (like DNA).
Tropomyosin is arranged in actin.
Connects to sarcolemma.
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
in muscle cells.
bundle of myofilaments
Term
Thick Myofilaments
Definition
Blue.
Located in A Bands.
Made up of myosin.
Golf Club, long handles & heads.
Can swival (crossbridges)
Has 6 thin filaments surrounding it
Term
Calcium
Definition
released and goes to thick & thin filaments.
bonds to actin.
pushes trypomyosin inbetween actin
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
chemical released, diffused across synapse.
Stimulus moves from neuron to muscle via acetylcholine (chemical) can be blocked by karawre.
When it needs to be released, an enzyme breaks it down in the synapse.
Term
Synapse
Definition
the space between a muscle and a nerve
Term
Neural Muscular Junction
Definition
where a nerve reaches muscle.
muscle contraction begins but doesn't touch muscle.
Term
Z Lines
Definition
aka Z Disks.
Repetition movements.
Goes down muscles.
Sacromere runs from 1 Z Line to another
Term
Tetanis
Definition
medical term when someone steps on a rusty nail. Very fatal
Term
Tetanus
Definition
sustained contraction of the muscle (20 x second)
Term
Complete Tetanus
Definition
extreme sustained contraction of the muscle. (50 x second)
Term
Is complete tetanus a good thing? Why?
Definition
Yes. Want this phenomena to happen in your body. SMOOTH state of contraction.
Term
Muscle Tone
Definition
when muscles are relaxed, have a state of firmness
Term
Flaccid
Definition
not enough muscle tone
Term
Spastic
Definition
muscle that has too much tone at any given time
Term
Isotonic Contraction
Definition
"same tone". Concentric & Eccentric
Term
Isometric
Definition
"same length"
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