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ANATOMY EXAM 3
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
72
Anatomy
Graduate
10/19/2010

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Term
pelvic visceral organs
Definition
the skeletal muscles of the pelvic floor form a bowl-like arrangement creating a sling that helps support the..
Term
pelvic diaphragm
Definition
the pelvic visceral organs muscle layer is referred to as the..
Term
anterior urogenital triangle and the posterior anal triangle
Definition
the pelvic diaphragm can be further divided into the..
Term
levator ani muscle group and coccygeus muscle
Definition
the deep pelvic muscles are the..
Term
external urinary (urethral) sphincter and the external anal sphincter
Definition
the urethra, rectum, and vagina pass through the pelvic diaphragm muscles with the muscles contributing to the formation of the..
Term
perineum
Definition
the superficial (external) surface of the pelvic diaphragm is referred to as the..
Term
pelvic fascia
Definition
a layer of dense connective tissue covering the skeletal muscle
Term
visceral fascia
Definition
dense connective tissue in areas where organs need anchoring and support but is looser and contains fat in areas where expansion of organs is needed, like the bladder and rectum
Term
sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves
sympathetic nerves to visceral organs
pelvic splanchnic nerve (parasympathetic innervation ot visceral nerves)
Definition
nerve supply to these pelvic structures
Term
exocrine
Definition
gonads: production of germ cells
Term
endocrine
Definition
gonads: production of hormones
Term
reproductive ducts
Definition
tubular system that fxns in transport of germ cells
Term
accesory glands
Definition
mainly in male, produce secretions that support and facilitate transport of germ cells
Term
gonads
Definition
develop in the abdominal cavity; primordial germ cells migrate from the yolk sac into developing "these" and differentiate into spermatogonia or oogonia
Term
ducts and genetalia
Definition
both male and female embryos have the same primitive structures which have the capacity to develop into either male or female "these"
Term
genes
Definition
determine which gonads will develop
Term
presence or absence of testosterone
Definition
determine the development of the duct system and external genitalia
Term
gametogenesis
Definition
production of gametes or germ cells
Term
spermatogenesis
Definition
in males, the germ cells are sperm and the production of sperm is referred to as..
Term
oogenesis
Definition
in females, the germ cells are ova, and the production of ova is referred to as..
Term
meiotic divisions
Definition
during gametogenesis, cells undergo two..
Term
duplicate dna
Definition
prior to meiosis, cells..
Term
chromosome pairs separate into 2 daughter cells with 23 chromosomes and half the DNA complement
Definition
during the 1st meiotic division..
Term
the chromatids making up each chromosome separate resulting in 2 daughter cells each containing 23 chromosomes but half the DNA
Definition
during the 2nd meiotic division
Term
gametogenesis
Definition
the germ cells also differentiate or change and mature during..
Term
testes
Definition
outer mesothelium; CT capsule (tunica albuginea) and septa, posterior thickening = mediastinum; seminiferous tubules; interstitium: CT, myoid cells, interstitial cells of leydig
Term
spermatogenic cells, sertoli cells
Definition
types of seminiferous tubules: germinal epithelium on basal lamina
Term
spermiogenesis
Definition
meiotic division as well as the end stage of differentiation referred to as..
Term
at birth
Definition
spermatogenesis where testes contain only resting spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells
Term
at puberty
Definition
spermatogenesis where luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary stimulates onset of spermatogenesis
Term
spermiogenesis
Definition
process by which spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa
Term
development of acrosome
formation of the flagella
excess cytoplasm is shed
Definition
main structural changes during spermiogenesis
Term
nonmotile
Definition
mature but _____ spermatozoa are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
Term
head, neck, and tail
Definition
mature spermatozoa components
Term
nucleus
acrosome
Definition
mature spermatozoa head components
Term
centrioles
Definition
mature spermatozoa neck components
Term
sertoli cells
Definition
elaborate intercellular jxns; blood-testis barrier; support and nutritional regulation of developing spermatogenic cells; phagocytosis; secretion
Term
blood-testis barrier
Definition
protects maturing sperm from toxic injury and immunological attack; sertoli zonula occludens form a barrier which secregates the germinal epithelium into a basal compartment; jxns break down and re-form allowing maturing spermatogenic cells to move up towards lumen of seminiferous tubule
Term
mullerian inhibiting factor
Definition
only secreted by fetal sertoli cells
Term
interstitium of testis
Definition
myoid cells make up the..
Term
interstitial cells of leydig
Definition
these are found in testosterone
Term
fetal testosterone secretion
Definition
male duct development; converst to dihydrotestosterone which stimulates development of external genitalia; influences development of other systems
Term
prior to puberty
Definition
when LH secretion stimulates rise in testosterone secretion; testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis, development of secondary sex characteristics, and fxn of accessory glands
Term
intratesticular ducts
Definition
located in testis mediastinum, fxn in absorption of testicular fluid and transport of sperm
Term
tubuli recti
rete testis
efferent ducts
Definition
types of intratesticular ducts
Term
epididymis
Definition
highly coiled tube on posterior aspect of testis
Term
pseudostratified columnar
Definition
cell type of epididymis
Term
principal cells
Definition
columnar cells with steriocilia
Term
site of final maturation of sperm and they acquire forward motility
Definition
fxn of epididymis
Term
ductus deferens
Definition
extends form scrotum up through inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord; curves over and extends along the posteriour aspect of the urinary bladder and joins with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct which empties into the prostatic urethra
Term
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with steriocilia
Definition
cells that line the ductus deferens
Term
ampulla
Definition
receives duct from seminal vesicle to form ejactulatory duct
Term
seminal vesicle
Definition
secretes major fluid volume of semen
Term
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells
Definition
cells that line the seminal vesicle
Term
prostate gland
Definition
branched tubuloacinar gland; fibromuscular stroma; glands arranged concentrically around urethra
Term
smooth muscle in epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and prostate
Definition
during ejaculation, sympathetic nervous stimulation causes contraction of..
Term
bulbourethral glands
Definition
mucous-secreting tubuloacinar, ducts empty into penile urethra
Term
skin, dartos tunic, colle's fascia, mesothelium, potential space btwn scrotal sac and testis
Definition
layers outer to inner of scrotum
Term
glans prepuce, epidermis, dermis, hypodermia, fibroelastic CT, erectile tissue
Definition
layers of the penis
Term
corpora cavernosa, corpora spongiosum, vascular sinuses
Definition
erectile tissue layers
Term
arousal, emission/ejaculation, remission
Definition
male sexual response
Term
arousal
Definition
parasympathetic stimulation causes dilation of helicine arteries increasing blood flow into erectile tissue; arteriovenous anastomoses are compressed and vemous outflow is inhibited
Term
emission/ejaculation
Definition
sympathhetic stimulation causes smooth muscle constriction in male reproductive ducts propelling spermatozoa and seminal fluid into the urethra
Term
remission
Definition
venous drainage of erectile tissue and return to resting state
Term
orchitis, torsion, intratubular germ cell neoplasms
Definition
pathology: 3 in testes
Term
benign nodular hyperplasia, invasive carcinoma
Definition
pathology: 2 in prostate
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
pathology: 1 in penis
Term
orchitis
Definition
viral or bacterial; granulomatous is trauma
Term
torsion
Definition
result in infarct and necrosis
Term
intratubular germ cell neoplasms
Definition
may arise from sperm, embryonic or extraembryonic tissue
Term
invasive carcinoma
Definition
arises from glandular cells, most often in peripheral zone
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
usually found in glans or prepuce
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