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Anatomy Exam 3
Head/Eye/Ear
78
Anatomy
Graduate
02/10/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Palpebral Fissure
Definition
Opening in between upper & lower tarsus
Term
Chalazion
Definition
Inflammation of tarsal gland (oil gland in eye)
Term
Orbital Septum
Definition
CT tissue sheet that runs from tarsus to orbital rim
Term
Palpebral Conjunctiva
Definition

Lines eye lid

Creates superior & inferior fornices when eyes are opened

Term
Bulbar Conjuctiva
Definition
Covers entire front of eye on eyeball
Term
Conjuctival Sac
Definition
Palpebral & Bulbar conjuctiva when eyes are closed
Term
Muscles that Keep Eye Open
Definition

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (striated)

 

Superior Tarsal (smooth)=helper m. w/ sympathetic innervation

Term
Lacrimal Gland
Definition

Function: makes Tears

 

Innervation: Autonomic NS

Parasymp: CN VII

 

Excretory ducts=exit path onto eye

Term
Lacrimal Lake
Definition

Drains tears/fluid of eye

 

Lacrimal Caruncle=pink upraising in middle that causes the tears to pool

Term
Plica Semilunaris
Definition
small fold of bulbar conjuctiva located at the corner of the eye-right before Lacrimal Lake
Term
Lacrimal Punctum
Definition

Ducts where tears drain into after lacrimal lake

 

Drain into lacrimal cannaliculi=little canals that join & enter lacrimal sac

Term
Nasolacrimal Duct
Definition

Drains tears from Lacrimal Sac into the inferior portion of the nose

 

*why nose runs when cry

Term
Flow of Tears
Definition

Lacrimal Glad

Excretory Ducts

Swept across conjuctiva

Passes Plica semilunaris

Pools in Lacrimal Lake

Swirls around Lacrimal Caruncle

Lacrimal Punctum

Lacrimal Cannaliculi

Lacrimal Sac

Nasolacrimal Duct

Term
Accomodation
Definition

Contraction of the ciliary muscles -->

Relaxation of suspensory ligaments-->

Lens becomes more round-->

Focus on Near Objects

Term
Presbyopia
Definition

Far-sightedness

 

Lens loses it's ability to change shape

Always accomodated for a certain distance

Term
Cranial Nerve 2
Definition

Optic Nerve

 

Foramen: Optic Canal of sphenoid bone

 

Join: Optic Chiasm (interchanging of info)

 

Leaves: optic tracts (2) back to brain

Term
Cranial Nerve III
Definition

Oculomotor Nerve

 

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure of Spenoid

 

Innervation: Levator Palpebrae superioris 

Medial Rectus

Superior Rectus

Inferior Rectus

Inferior Oblique

Term
Cranial Nerve IV
Definition

Trochlear Nerve

 

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

 

Innervation: Superior Oblique M

Term
Cranial Nerve V1
Definition

Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal

 

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

 

Synapse: Trigeminal Ganglion

 

Branches:

Lacrimal N.

Frontal N.

Ophthalmic N.

Nasocilicary N.

Term
Lacrimal Nerve
Definition

From Ophthalmic N.

 

Brings sensory info back from lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, & upper eyelid

Term
Frontal Nerve
Definition

Branch off the Opthalmic N.

 

Brings sensory info from skin of forehead & scalp back to the braith

Term
Nasocilicary Nerve
Definition
Brings sensory info from the nasal cavity, cornea, & sclera
Term
Cranial Nerve VI
Definition

Abducens N.

 

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

 

Innervation: Lateral Rectus nerve

Term
Parasympathetic Ganglia
Definition

CN 3: Ciliary

CN 9: Otic

CN 7: Pterygopalatine

CN7: Submandibular

Term
Sympathetics for Eye Synapse in:
Definition

Superior Cervical Ganglion

*Fused paravertebral ganglion of C1-C4

Term
Optic Axis
Definition

Axis between anterior & posterior poles of eye

 

Allows fovea to line up with object of vision

Term
Strabismus
Definition

Where 2 eyes' optic axis do not line up

 

May cause diplopia=double vision

Term
Superior Rectus Muscle
Definition

Elevator, Adductor, Intorter

 

Must recruit Lateral Rectus first to avoid torsion

 

Allows elevation & adduction

Term
Superior Oblique Muscle
Definition

Depressor, Abductor, Intorter

 

Recruits Medial Rectus first

Adducts to prevent intorsion

Term
Jugular Foramen
Definition

Exit of sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein

 

Exit of CNs: 

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Term
Carotid Canal
Definition
Internal Carotid Artery
Term
Stylomastoid Foramen
Definition
Motor division of Facial Nerve (VII)
Term
Hypoglossal Canal
Definition

Located on either side of foramen magnum

 

Exit of Hyposglossal Nerve

Term
Superior Orbital Fissure
Definition

Oculomotor Nerve

Trochlear Nerve

Abducent Nerve

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) of Trigeminal Nerve

Term
Foramen Rotundum
Definition
Maxillary Nerve (V2 of Trigeminal N.)
Term
Foramen Ovale
Definition

Mandibular N

(V3)

Term
Foramen Spinosum
Definition
Middle Meningeal Vessels
Term
Optic Canal
Definition

Optic Nerve

Ophthalmic Artery

Term
Coronal Suture
Definition
Separates frontal and parietal bones
Term
Sagittal Suture
Definition
Between the 2 parietal bones
Term
Labdoidal Sutures
Definition
Between Parietal & occipital bones
Term
Bregma
Definition
Where coronal & sagittal sutures meet
Term
Lambda
Definition
Where sagittal and lambdoidal sutures meet
Term
Pterion
Definition

Joining of 4 cranial bones:

sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and temporal

Term
Fontanelle
Definition

Soft spot

prominent suture between the frontal bones (large open space)

Term
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Definition
Facial and Vestibulocochlear Nerves
Term
Bell's Palsy
Definition

Facial muscle paralysis 

due to viral infection, nerve trauma, foreceps-assisted delivery, etc.

 

Sagging lower lid--uncontrolled tearing & can't close eye

Drooping of angle of mouth--can't keep food bolus in mouth

Characteristic distortion of face

Term
Masseter
Definition

Origin: zygomatic arch & zygomatic bone

Insertion: mandibular angle/lateral surface of ramus

Action: elevation of mandible

 

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve 

Term
Temporalis
Definition

Origin: Temporal Fossa

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Action: elevation & retrusion

 

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve

Term
Medial Pterygoid
Definition

Origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid

Insertion: medial surface of mandibular angle

Action: elevation, protrusion, lateral excursion

 

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal Nerve (V3)

Term
Lateral Pterygoid
Definition

Origin: Pterygoid process of sphenoid

Insertion: Mandibular condyle

Action: depression, protrusion, lateral excursion

 

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve

Term
Parotid Gland
Definition

Salivary gland 

located just anterior to external acoustic meatus

Stimulated by PSNS

Parotid duct carries saliva into oral cavity

 

Innervation: CN VII

Term
CN Carrying Sensory Only
Definition

Olfactory (I)

 

Optic (II)

 

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Term
CN Carrying Motor Only
Definition

Oculomotor (III)

 

Trochlear (IV)

 

Abducent (VI)

 

Accessory (XI)

 

Hypoglossal (XII)

Term
CN Carrying both Motor & Sensory Fibers
Definition

Trigeminal (V)

 

Facial (VII)

 

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

 

Vagus (X)

Term
Olfactory Nerve
Definition

CN I

 

Cell Bodies: Nasal Mucosa

 

Foramen: Cribiform Plate

Synapse: Olfactory Bulb

Type: Special sense--smell

Lesion: Ipsilateral ansomia (loss of smell)

Term
Optic Nerve
Definition

CN II

 

Foramen: Optic Canal

Cell bodies: retina (ganglion cell)

Axons-->optic canal-->optic chiasm

Synapse: Thalamus

 

Fiber Type: Special Sense--Vision

Lesion anterior to optic chiasm-->ipsilateral anopsia (loss of vision)

Term
Oculomotor Nerve
Definition

CN III

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

2 Fiber types: Somatic Motor-->Superior, medial, inferior rectus; inferior oblique; levator palpebrae superioris

Visceral Motor (PSNS)--> Constrictor pupillae & ciliary muscle

Synapse: Ciliary Ganglion

 

Lesion: deviation of ipsilateral eye down & out, etc.

Term
Trochlear Nerve
Definition

CN IV

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Originates: Posterior midbrain (wraps around pons)

Fibers: Somatic Motor-superior oblique

Lesion: Diplopia=double vision (tilt head to unaffected side)

Term
Trigeminal Nerve
Definition

CN V

 

Sensory: Cutaneous Innervation

Ophthalmic (V1)-->superior orbital fissure--> supraorbital foramen

Maxillary (V2)--> Foramen Rotundum--> Infraorbital foramen

Mandibular (V3)--> Foramen Ovale--> Mental foramen

Term
Ophthalmic Division
Definition

V1

 

Sensory fibers: general sensation from skin of scalp & forehead, upper eyelid, part of nose

Afferent limb of corneal blink reflex

 

Lesion-->loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

Term
Maxillary Division
Definition

V2

 

Sensory: General sensation from skin of maxilla (upper lip, ala of nose, medial cheek, nasal cavity)-maxillary teeth

 

Lesion: loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

Term
Mandibular Division
Definition

V3

 

Sensory: skin of buccal region, lower lip & jaw, side of head & scalp, anterior 2/3 of tongue

 

Motor: muscles of mastication, tensor tympani

 

Lesion--> loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

Atrophy of ipsilateral jaw muscles & deviation of jaw toward side of lesion when mouth opened

Term
Abducent Nerve
Definition

CN VI

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

 

Somatic Motor: lateral rectus

 

Lesion: produces medial deviation of ipsilateral eye (medial strabismus)

Term
Facial Nerve
Definition

CN VII

 

Foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

 

Somatic motor: innervation of muscles of facial expression & stapedius

Visceral Motor: Parasymp innervation of lacrimal glands, submandibular & sublingual glands

Term
Visceral Motor Division of Facial Nerve
Definition

Branches:

Greater Petrosal N--> Pterygopalatine Ganglion--> Lacrimal Gland

 

Chorda Tympani (travels w/ V3)--> Submandibular Ganglion--> Submandibular & sublingual glands

Term
Sensory Division of Facial Nerve
Definition

Somatic Sensory: small number of fibers carry gen sensation from a small patch of skin on the ear

 

Special Sense: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue--carried back via chorda tympani

Term
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Definition

CN VIII

 

Vestibular Division: fibers from receptors in vestibule (utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts)--> internal acoustic meatus--> cranium

Fxn: balance & equilibrium

 

Cochlear Division: fibers from choclear receptors00> internal acoustic meatus--> cranium

Fxn: Hearing

Term
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Definition

CN IX

Foramen: Jugular

 

General sensory & taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Visceral Sensory: carotid sinus/body & mucosa of pharynx

Motor: stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx during swallowing)

Visceral Motor: parasym to parotid salivary gland

Term
Vagus nerve
Definition

CN X

 

Exits: Jugular Foramen

 

Sensory: pharynx & larynx

Special Sense: taste from root of tongue & epiglottis

Visceral sensory: from visceral organs

Motor: soft palate, pharynx, laryngeal muscles, palatoglossus

Visceral motor: parasymp of thoracic & abdominal organs

Term
Lesion of Vagus Nerve
Definition

Difficulty swallowing

 

Weak & hoarse voice due to vocal cord paralysis

Term
Accessory nerve
Definition

CN XI

 

Foramen: Jugular

Arises from anterior horn motor neurons in superior cervical segments-->enters cranial cavity via foramen magnum

 

Somatic Motor: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Term
Hypoglossal Nerve
Definition

CN XII

 

Foramen: Hypoglossal canal

 

Somatic motor: all tongue muscles except palatoglossus

Lesion--> ipsilateral deviation of tongue when protruded

Term
Cerebral Peduncles
Definition

Part of mesencephalon

Anterior crura

Connects brain & spinal cord

has motor tracts from precentral gyrus

Term
Superior Colliculi
Definition

Part of mesencephalon

Visual reflexes

coordinates visual input with muscular output

Term
Inferior Colliculi
Definition

part of mesencephalon

Acoustic reflexees

coordinates acoustic input with motor output

Term
Arachnoid Villi
Definition

Dumps CSF back into dural sinuses

Creates one-way valve so CSF can leave but can't return

Term
Temporomandibular Joint
Definition

Articulation of mandibular condyle with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

 

Synovial joint-loose joint capsule

 

Articular disc

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