Lines eye lid

Creates superior & inferior fornices when eyes are opened

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (striated)

Superior Tarsal (smooth)=helper m. w/ sympathetic innervation

Function: makes Tears

Innervation: Autonomic NS

Parasymp: CN VII

Excretory ducts=exit path onto eye

Drains tears/fluid of eye

Lacrimal Caruncle=pink upraising in middle that causes the tears to pool

Ducts where tears drain into after lacrimal lake

Drain into lacrimal cannaliculi=little canals that join & enter lacrimal sac

Drains tears from Lacrimal Sac into the inferior portion of the nose

*why nose runs when cry

Lacrimal Glad

Excretory Ducts

Swept across conjuctiva

Passes Plica semilunaris

Pools in Lacrimal Lake

Swirls around Lacrimal Caruncle

Lacrimal Punctum

Lacrimal Cannaliculi

Lacrimal Sac

Nasolacrimal Duct

Contraction of the ciliary muscles -->

Relaxation of suspensory ligaments-->

Lens becomes more round-->

Focus on Near Objects

Far-sightedness

Lens loses it's ability to change shape

Always accomodated for a certain distance

Optic Nerve

Foramen: Optic Canal of sphenoid bone

Join: Optic Chiasm (interchanging of info)

Leaves: optic tracts (2) back to brain

Oculomotor Nerve

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure of Spenoid

Innervation: Levator Palpebrae superioris 

Medial Rectus

Superior Rectus

Inferior Rectus

Inferior Oblique

Trochlear Nerve

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Innervation: Superior Oblique M

Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Synapse: Trigeminal Ganglion

Branches:

Lacrimal N.

Frontal N.

Ophthalmic N.

Nasocilicary N.

From Ophthalmic N.

Brings sensory info back from lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, & upper eyelid

Branch off the Opthalmic N.

Brings sensory info from skin of forehead & scalp back to the braith

Abducens N.

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Innervation: Lateral Rectus nerve

CN 3: Ciliary

CN 9: Otic

CN 7: Pterygopalatine

CN7: Submandibular

Superior Cervical Ganglion

*Fused paravertebral ganglion of C1-C4

Axis between anterior & posterior poles of eye

Allows fovea to line up with object of vision

Where 2 eyes' optic axis do not line up

May cause diplopia=double vision

Elevator, Adductor, Intorter

Must recruit Lateral Rectus first to avoid torsion

Allows elevation & adduction

Depressor, Abductor, Intorter

Recruits Medial Rectus first

Adducts to prevent intorsion

Exit of sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein

Exit of CNs: 

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Located on either side of foramen magnum

Exit of Hyposglossal Nerve

Oculomotor Nerve

Trochlear Nerve

Abducent Nerve

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) of Trigeminal Nerve

Mandibular N

(V3)

Optic Nerve

Ophthalmic Artery

Joining of 4 cranial bones:

sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and temporal

Soft spot

prominent suture between the frontal bones (large open space)

Facial muscle paralysis 

due to viral infection, nerve trauma, foreceps-assisted delivery, etc.

Sagging lower lid--uncontrolled tearing & can't close eye

Drooping of angle of mouth--can't keep food bolus in mouth

Characteristic distortion of face

Origin: zygomatic arch & zygomatic bone

Insertion: mandibular angle/lateral surface of ramus

Action: elevation of mandible

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve 

Origin: Temporal Fossa

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Action: elevation & retrusion

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve

Origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid

Insertion: medial surface of mandibular angle

Action: elevation, protrusion, lateral excursion

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal Nerve (V3)

Origin: Pterygoid process of sphenoid

Insertion: Mandibular condyle

Action: depression, protrusion, lateral excursion

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve

Salivary gland 

located just anterior to external acoustic meatus

Stimulated by PSNS

Parotid duct carries saliva into oral cavity

Innervation: CN VII

Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Abducent (VI)

Accessory (XI)

Hypoglossal (XII)

Trigeminal (V)

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

CN I

Cell Bodies: Nasal Mucosa

Foramen: Cribiform Plate

Synapse: Olfactory Bulb

Type: Special sense--smell

Lesion: Ipsilateral ansomia (loss of smell)

CN II

Foramen: Optic Canal

Cell bodies: retina (ganglion cell)

Axons-->optic canal-->optic chiasm

Synapse: Thalamus

Fiber Type: Special Sense--Vision

Lesion anterior to optic chiasm-->ipsilateral anopsia (loss of vision)

CN III

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

2 Fiber types: Somatic Motor-->Superior, medial, inferior rectus; inferior oblique; levator palpebrae superioris

Visceral Motor (PSNS)--> Constrictor pupillae & ciliary muscle

Synapse: Ciliary Ganglion

Lesion: deviation of ipsilateral eye down & out, etc.

CN IV

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Originates: Posterior midbrain (wraps around pons)

Fibers: Somatic Motor-superior oblique

Lesion: Diplopia=double vision (tilt head to unaffected side)

CN V

Sensory: Cutaneous Innervation

Ophthalmic (V1)-->superior orbital fissure--> supraorbital foramen

Maxillary (V2)--> Foramen Rotundum--> Infraorbital foramen

Mandibular (V3)--> Foramen Ovale--> Mental foramen

V1

Sensory fibers: general sensation from skin of scalp & forehead, upper eyelid, part of nose

Afferent limb of corneal blink reflex

Lesion-->loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

V2

Sensory: General sensation from skin of maxilla (upper lip, ala of nose, medial cheek, nasal cavity)-maxillary teeth

Lesion: loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

V3

Sensory: skin of buccal region, lower lip & jaw, side of head & scalp, anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor: muscles of mastication, tensor tympani

Lesion--> loss of ipsilateral facial sensation

Atrophy of ipsilateral jaw muscles & deviation of jaw toward side of lesion when mouth opened

CN VI

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Somatic Motor: lateral rectus

Lesion: produces medial deviation of ipsilateral eye (medial strabismus)

CN VII

Foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Somatic motor: innervation of muscles of facial expression & stapedius

Visceral Motor: Parasymp innervation of lacrimal glands, submandibular & sublingual glands

Branches:

Greater Petrosal N--> Pterygopalatine Ganglion--> Lacrimal Gland

Chorda Tympani (travels w/ V3)--> Submandibular Ganglion--> Submandibular & sublingual glands

Somatic Sensory: small number of fibers carry gen sensation from a small patch of skin on the ear

Special Sense: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue--carried back via chorda tympani

CN VIII

Vestibular Division: fibers from receptors in vestibule (utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts)--> internal acoustic meatus--> cranium

Fxn: balance & equilibrium

Cochlear Division: fibers from choclear receptors00> internal acoustic meatus--> cranium

Fxn: Hearing

CN IX

Foramen: Jugular

General sensory & taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Visceral Sensory: carotid sinus/body & mucosa of pharynx

Motor: stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx during swallowing)

Visceral Motor: parasym to parotid salivary gland

CN X

Exits: Jugular Foramen

Sensory: pharynx & larynx

Special Sense: taste from root of tongue & epiglottis

Visceral sensory: from visceral organs

Motor: soft palate, pharynx, laryngeal muscles, palatoglossus

Visceral motor: parasymp of thoracic & abdominal organs

Difficulty swallowing

Weak & hoarse voice due to vocal cord paralysis

CN XI

Foramen: Jugular

Arises from anterior horn motor neurons in superior cervical segments-->enters cranial cavity via foramen magnum

Somatic Motor: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

CN XII

Foramen: Hypoglossal canal

Somatic motor: all tongue muscles except palatoglossus

Lesion--> ipsilateral deviation of tongue when protruded

Part of mesencephalon

Anterior crura

Connects brain & spinal cord

has motor tracts from precentral gyrus

Part of mesencephalon

Visual reflexes

coordinates visual input with muscular output

part of mesencephalon

Acoustic reflexees

coordinates acoustic input with motor output

Dumps CSF back into dural sinuses

Creates one-way valve so CSF can leave but can't return

Articulation of mandibular condyle with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Synovial joint-loose joint capsule

Articular disc