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Anatomy Exam 3
Introduction to the head: Osteology
44
Anatomy
Graduate
02/05/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Name the parts of the skull:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Neurocranium: skull cranium

2) Viscerocranium: facial skeleton

Term

What is the calvaria?

 

Definition
Bones that form the walls, dome & brain case
Term
What is the basicranium?
Definition
Bones forming the floor of the cranal cavity
Term

Name the fossas of the basicranium:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Anterior cranial fossa

2) Middle cranial fossa

3) Posterior cranial fossa

Term
What type of bones are the neurocranium composed of?
Definition

1) Spongy bone sandwiched between

2) Compact bone

Term
What is the spongy bone called?
Definition

Diploe

 

Term
What does the diploe contain? 3
Definition

1) Red marrow

2) Diploic veins (in spongy bone)

3) Emissary veins

 

Term
What is the function of emissary veins?
Definition

- Drains cranal cavity sinus -> scalp

- Runs vertically

 

Term

How are cranial nerves named?

 

How many pairs of cranal nerves are there?

 

What are their names?

Definition

From anterior to posterior

 

12

 

1) Olfactory

2) Optic

3) Oculomotor

4) Trochlear

5) Trigeminal

6) Abducent

7) Facial

8) Vestibulochlear

9) Glossopharyndeal

10) Vagus

11) Accessory

12) Hypoglossal 

 

 

Term

How many paired bones does the neurocranium have?

 

What are the names of the paired bones?

 

How many single bones does the neurocranium have?

 

What are the names of the single bones?

Definition

2

 

- Parietal

- Temporal

 

4

 

- Frontal

- Occipital

- Sphnoid

- Ethmoid

Term

Name the bones of the neurocranium:

 

[image]

Definition

1) Parietal

2) Temporal

3) Frontal

4) Occipital

5) Sphenoid

6) Ethmoid

Term

What is the name of this structure?

 

What exits here?

 

[image]

Definition

Parietal foramina

 

Emissary veins

Term
What is found on the inside of the parietal bone?
Definition
Grooves for the branches of the middle menigeal arteries/vessels
Term

What is the name of this neurocranium bone?

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
Parietal bone
Term

What bone makes up most of the anterior cranial fossa?

 

What is the name of the bone in blue?

 

Name the structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

Frontal bone

 

Frontal bone

 

1) Supraorbital foramen

2) Superciliary arch (brow ridges)

Term

What is the name of this structure?

 

What neurocranium bone does it belong to?

 

The frontal bone is pneumatized, what does this mean?

 

[image]

Definition

Frontal sinus

 

Frontal bone

 

Contains an air cavity in the bone

Term

What is the name of this bone?

 

 [image]

Definition
Temporal bone
Term

Identify the structures on the temporal bone:

 

What does 2 create?

 

What articulates with the mandibular fossa?

 

What is the name of the joint that it creates?

 

[image]

Definition

1) Squamous region

2) Zygomatic process

3) Mandibular fossa

4) Tympanic region

5) External acoustic meatus

6) Styloid process

7) Mastoid region

8) Mastoid process

 

Cheek bones

 

Mandible

 

Temporomandibular joint

Term

Name the structures of the temporal bone:

 

What is contained in the petrous region of the temporal bone?

 

What are the 2 cranial nerves that enter 2?

 

[image]

Definition

1) Petrous region

2) Internal acoustic meatus

 

Middle & inner ear

 

- Facial n (VII)

- Vestibulocochlear n (VIII)

 

Term

Name the structures in the petrous region of the temporal bone:

 

What 2 bones really make up 2?

 

What exits out of 2? 4

 

What does 2 turn into?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Internal acoustic meatus

2) Jugular foramen

 

Temporal & occipital bones

 

- Internal jugular vein

- Glossopharyngeal n (IX)

- Vagus n (X)

- Accessory n (XI)

 

Sigmoid sinus

Term

What does the sigmoid sinus turn into once is goes thru the jugular foramen?

 

Name the structures of the temporal bone:

 

What enters thru 2?

 

What is the function of that artery?

 

What courses thru 3?

 

Specifically what branch of that goes thru 3?

 

 [image]

Definition

Internal jugular vein

 

1) Jugular foramen

2) Carotid canal

3) Stylomastoid foramen 

 

Internal carotid artery

 

Supplies blood to the brain

 

Facial n (VII)

 

- Motor division

- Innervation for muscles of facial expression

Term

What is the name of the bone that forms most of the posterior cranial fossa?

 

What is the name of the structure below?

 

 [image]

Definition

Occipital bone

 

External occipital protuberance

Term

Name the structures of the occipital bone:

 

What articulates with 1?

 

What exits 2?

 

What passes thru 3?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Occipital condyles

2) Foramen magnum

3) Hypoglossal canal

 

Atlas vertebra

 

- Brainstem

- Vertebral arteries & veins

 

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Term
What do vertebral arteries course thru in the cervical vertebrae?
Definition
Transverse foramen
Term

What is the name of this bone?

 

[image]

Definition
Sphenoid
Term

Name the structures on the sphenoid bone:

 

What does 3 contain?

 

Since the sphenoid has a sinus what type of bone can it be called?

 

Which fossa is the sphenoid found?

 

What structures are associated with the COF?

 

[image]

 

Definition

1) Lesser wing

2) Greater wing

3) Stella tursica/hypophysial fossa

4) Crescent of foramin

5) Superior orbital fissure

6) Foramen rotundum

7) Foramen ovale

8) Foramen spinosum

9) Optic canal

 

The pituitary gland

 

Pneumatized bone

 

Crescent of foramina

 

5-9

Term

What are the names of the following structures:

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Pituitary gland

2) Sphenoid sinus

Term
What goes thru the optic canal?
Definition

- Optic nerve (II)

- Opthalmic artery

Term
What nerves pass thru the superior orbital fissure? 4
Definition

- Oculomotor n

- Trochlear n (III)

- Abducent n (VI)

- Trigeminal n (V: 1st division=opthalmic n=V1)

Term
What passes thru the foramen rotundum?
Definition
- Trigeminal n (V: 2nd division=V2=maxillary n)
Term
What passes thru foramen ovale?
Definition
Trigeminal n (V: 3rd division=V3=mandibular nerve)
Term

What passes thru the foramen spinosum?

 

What do the create?

Definition

- Middle meningeal vessels

 

Groves on the internal surface of the parietal bone

Term

What nerves pass thru these foramina?

 

[image]

Definition

1) Optic canal: optic nerve (II)

2) Superior orbital fissure: III, IV, VI, V1

3) Foramen rotundum: V2

4) Foramen ovale: V3

5) Foramen spinosum: middle meningeal vessels

Term

What neocranium bone is this?

 

Where does it stem down into?

 

What do the bones form?

 

 [image]

Definition

Ethmoid

 

Facial skeleton

 

Nasal septum/cavity

Term

What is the projection that extends up into the brain cave called?

 

What is its main function?

Definition

Crista galli

 

Site of attachement for dura that supports the brain

Term

What is the name of this structure?

 

Why is it perforated?

 

What forms the majority of the nasal septum?

 

[image]

Definition

Cribriform plate

 

For passage of fibers from olfactory nerves (I)

 

Perpendicular plate

Term

What are the names of these sutures?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Coronal suture

2) Lambdoid suture

3) Sagital suture

Term
What are soft spots called?
Definition
Fontanelle
Term

What are the names of the reference points?

 

What bones does 1 join? 4

 

[image]

Definition

1) Pterion

2) Bregma

3) Lambda

 

- Sphenoid

- Frontal

- Temporal

- Parietal

Term

When does normal obliteration of the sutures occur?

 

How long does it take to complete?

 

What is this obliteration called?

Definition

30-40 yo

 

10 y

 

Craniosynostosis

Term
Why is late closure of cranial suture important?
Definition
Allows for head (calvaria) to mold into a more birth canal friendly shape
Term
What are the 5 layers of the SCALP?
Definition

- Skin

- Connective tissue (dense & vascularized)

- Aponeurosis (epicranial. Connect muscles from forhead & occipital region)

- Loose connective tissue

- Periosteum (adheres to the bone)

Term

Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?

 

What happens to deep scalp wounds (reach aponeurosis)?

Definition

Scalp is highly vascularized -> heals quickly

 

Gape widely

Term

Which layer of the scalp is called the "danger area"?

 

What is it continuous with?

 

What is the buildup of fluid in this area called?

 

How do infections in the "danger area" enter the cranial cavity?

Definition

Loose connective tissue

 

The subcutaneous tissue around the eyes & root of the nose -> infection or fluid can spread to eyelids & nose

 

Ecchymosis

 

Thru the emissary veins

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