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Anatomy Exam 1
Spinal cord and somatic nervous system
36
Anatomy
Graduate
12/06/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is 1 called?

 

What is its function?

 

What type of vertebrae is 2?

 

[image]

 

Definition

Vertebral canal

 

House the spinal cord

 

Thoracic vertebrae

Term

What is 1 called?

 

What is its function?

 

 [image]

Definition

Intervertebral foramen

 

Exit for the nerves of the spinal cord

Term

What is 1 called?

 

What is 2 called?

 

 [image]

 

[image]

Definition

Nucleus pulposus

 

Anulus fibrosus

Term
What fraction of the length of the spine do the intervertebral disks constitute?
Definition
1/4 of the length
Term

What is 1 called?

 

What action does it limit?

 

What is its function?

 

 [image]

 

[image]

Definition

Ligamentum flavum

 

Limits flexion

 

Attaches adjecent laminae. Exposed

Term

What is 2 called?

 

What action does it limit?

 

[image]

 

[image]

Definition

Posterior longitudinal ligament

 

Limits flexion

Term

What is 3 called?

 

What action does it limit?

 

[image]

Definition

Anterior longitudinal ligament

 

Limits extension

 

 

Term

What are these 3 layers collectively known as?

 

What type of tissue are these layers?

 

What is their function?

 

What are the names of the 3 layers?

 

 [image]

Definition

Spinal meninges

 

Connective tissue

 

Support and protect the spine

 

Dura mater (green)

Arachnoid mater (purple)

Pia mater (orange)

 

 

Term

What is the name of the layer in green?

 

What are its characteristics?

 

Where is this layer found?

 

[image]

 

[image]

Definition

Dura mater

 

-Outer most

-Tough

-Surrounded by epidural space

 

Brain -> S2

Term

What do the illustrations below show?

 

 [image]

 

[image]

Definition
Filum terminale externum: end of the dura mater
Term

What is the name of the layer in purple?

 

What are its characteristics?

 

Where is it situated?

 

[image]

 

 [image]

Definition

Arachnoid mater

 

-Thin/delicate

 

-Internal to dura mater

-Contains subarachnoid space

-Interwoven with arachnoid trabeculae

 

Term
What are the characteristics of the subarachnoid space?
Definition

-Contains the CSF

-Extends to the brain

Term

What are the names of the below meninges?

 

Collectively, what is another name for 4?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Dura mater

2) Arachnoid mater

3) Pia mater

4) Arachnoid trabeculae

 

Subarachnoid space

Term

What is the orange layer called?

 

What are its characteristics?

 

[image]

 

 [image]

Definition

Pia mater

 

-Thin

-Adheres to spinal cord

-Conducts vasculature

Term

What is the name of the ligaments below?

 

What layer are the below ligaments a part of?

 

What is its function?

 

[image]

Definition

Denticulate ligaments

 

Pia mater

 

Attaches to arachnoid mater, anchors/supports it in place

 

 

Term

What are the names of the 2 segments below?

What are its functions? 

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Cervical enlargement: innervates upper apendages

2) Lumbar enlargement: innervates lower apendages

Term

What is name of the part below?

 

Where is it found?

 

 [image]

Definition

Conus medullaris

 

Between L1 & L2

Term
Why is the vertebral column longer than the spinal cord?
Definition
Because the vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord
Term

Identify the parts below

 

What does 4 consist of?

 

What is 5 made up of?

 

After S2 (end of spinal cord), what is it made up of?

 

[image]

Definition

1) Spinal cord

2) Conus medullaris

3) Dura mater

4) Cauda equina

5) Filum terminale

 

Roots of the spinal cord

 

Pia mater

 

(External terminae) pia & dura mater

Term

What are the names of the structures below?

 

 [image]

Definition

1) Posterior median sulcus

2) Anterior median fissure

Term

How are spinal nerves broken up?

 

What is how many total spinal nerves do we have vs vertebrae?

 

 [image]

Definition
  • Cervical (light blue)=8
  • Thoracic (orange) = 12
  • Lumbar (green) = 5
  • Sacral (purple) = 5
  • Coccygeal (purple) = 1

31 nerves vs 33 vertebrae

 

 

 

Term
What is the trend of the nerves as you go down the spinal column?
Definition
1st nerve is lateral. As you go down the nerves dip lower & lower
Term

What is this are known as?

 

[image]

Definition
Lumbar cistern
Term

Identify the parts below

 

 [image]

Definition

1) White matter

2) Gray matter

3) Anterior horn

4) Posterior horn

5) Central canal

Term

Identify the part below

 

 [image]

Definition
Lateral horn
Term

Identify the parts below

 

[image]

Definition

1) Posterior rootlets

2) Posterior root

3) Posterior root ganglion

4) Spinal nerve

5) Anterior root

6) Anterior rootlet

Term

What does white matter contain?

 

What are their functions?

Definition

Ascending and descending tracts

 

Deliver information to and from the brain

Term

Where are spinal taps/lumbar punctures usually delivered?

 

How do you find where to perform the tap?

Definition
  • in the cauda equina below L1/L2
  • Usually L4/L5

Palpate pelvic brim, follow it to spine = L4. Insert right below that into subarachnoid space

Term

Identify the parts below

 

[image]

Definition

1) Dendrites

2) Cell body

3) Axon

Term
What is the CNS composed of?
Definition
Brain & spinal cord
Term
What are the 2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
Definition

1) Central nervous system (CNS)

2) Peripheral nervous system ( PNS)

Term
How many cranal nerves do we have?
Definition
12 pairs
Term

Which way do afferent nerves go?

 

What are they used for?

 

Which way do efferent nerves go?

 

What are they used for?

Definition

Towards CNS (towards brain)

 

Sensory

 

Away from CNS (towards muscle)

 

Motor (takes Effort to move muscles)

Term

What does somatic apply to?

 

What does visceral apply to?

Definition

Body wall structures: skeleton, muscles, skin

 

Organs and other structures

 

Term
What are the functional divisions of the PNS motor division?
Definition

1) Somatic: voluntary -> skin, joints, skeletal muscles

2) Autonomic: involuntary -> smooth muscle, glands, organs, heart

Term

What is a dermatome?

 

What is a myotome?

Definition

Strips of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

 

Muscle segments innervated by a single spinal nerve

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