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Anatomy Ear
KYCOM Block 3
82
Anatomy
Graduate
11/02/2012

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Cards

Term
what are the major parts of the ear
Definition
external, middle or tympanic cavity, internal or labrynth
Term
what part of the ear contains the organs for hearing and balance
Definition
internal ear or labrynth
Term
what are the main parts of the external ear
Definition
pinna, external audutiry meatus
Term
what is the auricle or pinna shaped in the way it is
Definition
because it collects air vibrations
Term
what is the auricle made of
Definition
thin plate of elastic cartilage covered by skin
Term
where does the external auditory meatus extend to and from
Definition
auricle ro tympanic membrane
Term
what is the function of the auditory meatus
Definition
conduct sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
Term
what is the outer 1/3 of the auditory meatus made of
Definition
elastic cartilage
Term
what is the inner 2/3 of the auditory meatus made of
Definition
bone
Term
what lines the auditory meatus
Definition
skin and hairs, sebacous glands, cerminous glands
Term
what nerve supplies sensory to the lining of the auditory meatus
Definition
auriculotemporal and auricular branch of vagus
Term
where does lumph from the external ear drain
Definition
superificial parotid, mastoid, and superificial cervical nodes
Term
to properlly view the tympanic membrane what needs to be done in an adult
Definition
pull auricle up and back
Term
to properlly view the tympanic membrane what needs to be done in an child
Definition
pull auricle back and down
Term
describe the apperance of the tympanic membrane
Definition
pearly gray and concave
Term
what is the umbo
Definition
the depression in the center of the tympanic membrane
Term
what is the middle ear filled with
Definition
air
Term
what bone is the middle ear in
Definition
pterous portion of temporal bone
Term
what lines the middle ear
Definition
mucous membrane that has auditory ossicles
Term
what does the auditory tube connect
Definition
middle ear in front with nasopharynx and behind with mastoid antrum
Term
what is another name for the auditory tube
Definition
pharyngotympanic tube, eustachian tube
Term
what forms the roof of the middle ear
Definition
tegman tympani
Term
what is the tegman tympani part of
Definition
the petrous temporal bone
Term
what does the tegman tympani seperate
Definition
tympanic cavity from temporal lobe and its meninges
Term
what forms the floor of the middle ear
Definition
thin bone
Term
what does the thin bone forming the floor of the middle ear seperate
Definition
tympanic cavity from superior bub of internal jugular bein
Term
what opens into the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity
Definition
auditory tube and tube of tensor tympani
Term
describe the posterior wall of the middle ear
Definition
aditus opening, pyramind projection
Term
what is the aditus
Definition
opening to the mastoid antrum in the posterior wall of the middle ear
Term
describe the medial wall of the middle ear
Definition
promontory projection, above and behind is the fenestra vestibulii opening, below and behind is the fenestra cochleae
Term
what causes the promontory
Definition
cochlea
Term
what forms the lateral wall of the middle ear
Definition
tympanic cavity, concave lateral
Term
what are the names of the auditory ossicles
Definition
malleus, incus, stapes
Term
what is the largest auditory ossicle
Definition
malleus
Term
what attaches to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane
Definition
handle of the malleus
Term
what does the malleus articulae with
Definition
incus
Term
what does the incus articulate with
Definition
stapes
Term
where does the base of foot plate of the stapes sit
Definition
on fenestra vestivuli or oval window
Term
what muscles are associated with the ossicles
Definition
tensor tympani and stapedius
Term
what is the origin of the tensory typmani
Definition
wall of the auditory tube and its own canal
Term
what is the insertion of the tensor tympani
Definition
handle of malleus
Term
what is the innervation of the tensor tympani
Definition
V3
Term
what is the action of the tensor tympani
Definition
dampen vibrations of the tympanic membrane
Term
what is the origin of the stapedius
Definition
pyramid on the posterior wall of middle ear
Term
what is the insertion of the stapedius
Definition
neck of stapes
Term
what is the innervation of the stapedius
Definition
facial nerve
Term
what is the action of the stapedius
Definition
dampen vibrations of the stapes
Term
what does the auditory tube connect
Definition
anterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx
Term
what is the posterior 1/3 of the auditory tube made of
Definition
bone
Term
what is the anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube made of
Definition
cartilage
Term
what does the auditory tube pass over
Definition
upper border of the superior constrictor
Term
what is the function of the auditory tube
Definition
pressures the middle ear with atmospheric pressure
Term
where is the mastoid antrum located
Definition
behind the middle ear in the ptrous portion of the temporal bone
Term
how does the mastoid antrum communicate with the middle ear
Definition
aditus
Term
what does the mastoid antrum communicate with
Definition
mastoid air cells and aditus
Term
where are the mastoid air cells located
Definition
within the mastoid process
Term
what are the mastoid air cells continous with
Definition
antrum and middle ear
Term
what are the mastoid air cells lined with
Definition
mucous membrane
Term
where does the facial nerve enter the facial canal
Definition
the bottom of the internal auditory meatus
Term
describe the path of the facial nerve to the geniculate ganglion
Definition
runs lateral above the vestibule of the inner ear until it reaches the medial wall of the middle ear
Term
where does the facil nerve bend sharple backward int he ear
Definition
promontory
Term
what does the facial nerve do when it arrives at the posterior wall of the middle ear
Definition
curves down on the medial side of the aditus of the mastoid antrum
Term
where does the facial nerve give off a branch to the stapedius muscle
Definition
puyramid
Term
what is the bend in the facial canal called
Definition
genu
Term
after branching for the stapedius, where does the facial nerve go
Definition
stylomastoid foramen
Term
what arises from the facial nerve after the stylomastoid foramen
Definition
chorda tympani
Term
describe the path of the chorda tympani
Definition
enters the middle ear close to the border of the tympanic membrane and crosses the handle of the malleus, it exits the middle ear through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa to joint the lingual nerve
Term
what fibers does the chorda tympani contain
Definition
taste and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Term
what does the chorda tympani innervate
Definition
anterior 2/3 of the tounge (taste), and the submandibular gland (parasympathetic)
Term
where does the tympanic nerve begin
Definition
branches off the glossopharyngeal nerve just below the jugular foramen
Term
describe where the tympanic nerver enters the middle ear, then what does it do
Definition
passes through the floor and onto the promontory where it splits into branches forming the tympanic plexus
Term
what does the tympanic plexus supplu
Definition
mucosa of th emiddle ear and gives off the lesser petrosal nerve
Term
what contains the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the otic ganglion
Definition
lesser petrosal nerve
Term
where does the lesser pterosal nerve exit the middle ear
Definition
through a small caniculus in the roof
Term
where does the lesser pterosal nerve exit the skull then where does it end
Definition
through the foramen ovale and joins the otic ganglion
Term
what is the entire outer ear projection called
Definition
pinnae
Term
what is the top of the ear called
Definition
helix
Term
what is the curve on the medial portion of the ear called
Definition
antihelix
Term
what is the little projection of skin above the external auditory meatus
Definition
tragus
Term
what is the function of earwax
Definition
lubricate tympanic membrane
Term
is the autidory tuve usually open of closed
Definition
closed
Term
why does hte auditory tube usually stay closed, what happens if it doesnt
Definition
passage for mucous, infection can erode bone, many times it gets into mastoid air cells and needs to be operated on
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