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Anatomy Chapter 7
Skeletal System
27
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/04/2016

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Cards

Term
What is the longest bone in the body?
Definition
Femur
Term
Generally, how many bones are in the body?
Definition
Generally, 206
Term
What is the one moveable skull bone?
Definition
Mandible
Term
What are the two types of ossification? Briefly compare.
Definition
Intramembranous (bones made up of fibrous membrane)
Endochondral Bones (developed from masses of hyaline cartilage)
Term
List an describe two skeletal disorders
Definition
Arthritis - inflammation of joints
Osteoporosis - Bone loss due to low calcium in take
Term
List 4 functions of skeletal system.
Definition
1. support and protection
2. body movement
3. blood cell formation
4. storage of inorganic salts
Term
Describe 2 differences between male and female skeletons
Definition
Female skulls tend to be smaller and lighter. Female sacrum is wider
Term
List the 6 types of synovial joints and give an example of each
Definition
Ball and Socket joint - hip and shoulder
Condyloid Joints- Phalanges and metacarpals
Gliding joints- Tarsals and Carpals
Hinge joints- Elbow and knee
Pivot joints - Radius and Ulna
Saddle Joints - Metacarpals
Term
Periosteum
Definition
tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue
Term
External auditory meatus
Definition
oppening running from outer ear to middle ear
Term
Foramen magnum
Definition
opening in the lower surface that Nerve fibers pass through the brain to enter cannal
Term
Obturator Foramen
Definition
A large opening in the hip bone between the pubis and ischium
Term
fontanels
Definition
incomplete bones separated by soft membranous areas
Term
occipital condyles
Definition
rounded processes on each side of the foramen magnum
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
cartilage between joints
Term
Distinguish between red and yellow marrow
Definition
Red marrow produces red and white blood cells and platelets
Yellow marrow functions in fat storage
Term
Distinguish between diaphysis and epiphysis
Definition
diaphysis is the shaft of the bone
epiphysis is the expanded portion at each end
Term
Distinguish between spongy bone and compact bone
Definition
spongy bone is irregular, interconnecting spaces occur between bony plates
Compact bone is tightly packed tissue
Term
Distinguish between simple and compound fracture
Definition
Simple fracture is protected by uninjured skin
Compound fracture is broken bone exposed by opening skin
Term
Distinguish between osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Definition
Osteoblasts are bone making cells
Osteoclasts are bone breaking cells
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
A hollow chamber where marrow is stored
Term
Processes...
Definition
are sites for attachment of ligaments and tendons and form articulations for joints
Term
Foramen and Fossa
Definition
a Foramen is a hole that allows passage of blood vessels and nerves
a Fossa is a shallow depression in the surface of a bone
Term
Ossification
Definition
production of bones
Term
Sprain vs Fracture
Definition
Sprain is when joint is subjected to a sudden, unnatural motion
Fracture is a break in the bone
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
Consists of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column and thoracic cage
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
Consists of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvis girdle, and lower limbs
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