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Anatomy Chapter 6
Anatomy Chapter 6
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/06/2012

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Cards

Term
what does the axial skeleton consist of?
Definition

Skull (22)

vertebral column (26)

Thoracic cage (25)

Ribs sternum

 

Term
what does the axial skeleton fucntion as?
Definition

a framework that supports and protects organs in the dorsal and ventral body cavities,

and attachment sites for muscles

Term
what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Definition

1. pectoral girdle and upper limbs

2. pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Term
Mastoiditis
Definition
PATHOLOGY: infection of mastoid air cells, by step. it is a bacteria
Term
how many bones does the skeletal system consist of?
Definition
206
Term
how many divsions is the skeletal system divided into? and what are they?
Definition

two:

1. axial division

2. appendicular skeleton

Term
how many bones are there in the skull?
Definition
22
Term
How many cranium bones are there and what are they?
Definition

8;

1. occipital

2. patietal (2)

3. frontal

4. temporal (2)

5. sphenoid

6. ethmoid

 

Term
how many facial bones are there and what are they?
Definition

1. maxilla

2. palatine

3. nasal

4. zygomatic

5. lacrimal

6. inferior nasal conchae

7. vomer

8. mandible

9. lambdoid

10. sagittal

11. coronal

12. frontalnasal

13. squamous

Term
what are the two single bones of the face?
Definition
vomer and mandible
Term
occipital bone
Definition
  • Articulates with the temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones
  • has the foramen magnum; on the infeior side (spinal cord exsist through it)
  • occipital condyles; large rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum and articulte with1st vertebra
  • occipital crest is a ridge extending from the foramen magnum and enging in an enlargment called the external occipital protuberance

 

Term
frontal bone
Definition
  • articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, ehtmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomantic bones
  • contains two parts
  • 1. frontal part (forehead and its vertical)
  • 2. orbital part (the roof of the orbit and is horizontal)
Term
temporal bones
Definition
  • make up the lateral walls of the skull
  • articulate with the patiental, zygomatic, sphenoid, mandibular, occipital bones
  • divided into 3 parts
  • 1. squamous part
  • 2. zygomatic process
  • 3. mastoid process
Term
maxillae (2)
Definition
  • the largest facial bones, make up the upper jaw
  • articulate with every other facial bone except the mandible
  • orbital rim makes up the superior border of the bone (protects the eye)
  • infraorbital foramen, where the nerve passes
  • infraorbital groove- inside the orbit  
Term
what is the inferior most part of the squamous?
Definition
the large zygomatic process
Term
what three parts is the temporal bone divided into?
Definition

1. squamous part

2. zygomatic process

3. mastoid process

Term
sphenoid bone
Definition
  • articulates with every other cranial bone plus the palatine, zygomatic, maxillae, and vomer of the facial complex
  • spans across the floor of the cranium uniting the skull together
  • (general shape is that of a bat of a flying bird with wings spread)
Term
ethmoid bone
Definition
  • the most irregularly shaped cranial bone
  • articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, maxillae, lacrimal, palatine and vomer bones
  • makes up the anteromedial floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the nasal septum
Term
palatine bones
Definition
  • L-shaped bones posterior to the maxillae
  • The bottum of the L makes up the horizontal plate
  • articulates with the palatine process of the maxillae to make the hard plate
Term
Nasal bone
Definition
cartilage extends from the nasal bones forming the circular external nares
Term
the inferior nasal conchae
Definition
  • are similar in structure to the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid, however theyre sperate bones
  • found bilateral to the nasal septum making up the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Term
zygomatic bones
Definition
  • cheek bones
  • a small zygomaticfacial foramen allows sensory nerves to reach the skin
Term
lacrimal bones
Definition
  • found posterior to the frontal processes of the maxillae
  • the SMALLEST of the skull bones
  • medial orbital is partly the lacrimal bone
Term
the vomer
Definition
makes up the inferior portion of the nasal septum, which devides the nasal cavity into right and left cavities
Term
the Mandible
Definition
  • low jaw, only articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint
  • the bone is divided into two portions

1. U-shaped horizontal body contains the alveolar processes for the lower teeth

2. alveolar part, the entire area where teeth attach

Term
the orbital complex
Definition
  • made up of 7 bones that surround and protect the eyes
  • depresstion created by these bones is called the orbit
  • orbit contains the eye, lacrimal gland, adipose tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and muscles that move eyes
  • structure
  • -roof- frontal bone
  • -floor- maxilla
  • -medial wall-lacrimal and ethmoid bone
  • -posterior wall-spheniod and palatine bones
  • -lateral wall- zygomatic bone
Term
The nasal complex
Definition
  • made up of 12 bones surrounding and dividing the nasal caity
Term
the Hyoid bone
Definition
  • u-shaped bone that lies inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck
  • does NOT have and direct contact with any other bone
  • stylohyoid ligaments suspend the hyoid from the styloid process
  • Greater horns, extend posterolaterally from the body and serve as  tongue muscle attachments and support larynx
Term
How many bones are there in the vertebral column?
Definition
26 bones; 24 vertebra, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx
Term
what are the functions of the vertebral column?
Definition
  1. encloses and protects the spinal cord
  2. supports the skull
  3. supports the weight of the head, neck and trunk
  4. transfers weight to the lower limbs
  5. helps maintain the upright postion of the body
Term
Spinal Curves
Definition
are weight transferring anterior and posterior curves of the vertebral column that are best viewed laterally
Term
what are the 4 spinal curves?
Definition

1. cervical curve

2. Thoracic curve

3. Lumbar curve

4. Sacral curve

Term
Primary curves/ accommodation curves
Definition
  • posteriorly sweeing curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
  • these curves develop BEFORE birth, to  allow the abdominopelvic viscera more room
  • formed first and accomodate the developing organ (hence their names)
Term
Secondary curves/compensation curves
Definition
  • develop in the infact and toddler as anteriorly sweeping curve of the cervical and lumbar regions
  • develop as the infant learns to hold up their head and begins to walk
  • compensate for changes in the body position from horizontal to vertical
Term
when do the spial curves fully develop by?
Definition
by age 10!but may flew more or less based on lifestyle and body weight distribution
Term
kyphosis
Definition
over extension of the spin (BENT SPIN)
Term
Lordosis
Definition
exaggerated lumbar curve
Term
Spondylolysis
Definition
break in the pars inter-articularis (PARS BREAK)
Term
Do the first and second vertebra contain a body?
Definition
the first vertebra does NOT contain a body, and the second has an atypical body
Term
intervertebral discs
Definition
fibrocartilage pads that the vertebral bodies are attached by
Term
what are the 2 parts of the intervertral foramina through which spinal nerves pass?
Definition

1. 1, Nucleus pulposis

2. Annulus fibrosis

Term
Cervical vertebrae
Definition
  • 7 total, are the smallest and most superior
  • only vertebrae to have transeverse foramen
  • most flexible region
  • has 3 unique vertebrae (atlas C1, axis C2, and vertrbra prominens) 
Term
The Atlas (C1)
Definition
  • has no body, articulates with the occipital condyles
  • allow one to shake their head YES!
Term
Axis C2
Definition
  • second vertebae
  • dens, causes there to be NO intervertebral disc
  • artuculation between the atlas and axis allow one to shake their head NO
Term
Hangman's fracture (Jefferson fracture)
Definition

four part break of C1

occurs from; diving into shallow water, impact against the rooof of a car

Term
vertebra prominens C7
Definition
  • last cervical vertebrae
  • has a long slender spinous process and enlarged transverse processes that may or may not contain transverse foramen
  • ligamentum nuchae- extends from the C7 process cranially to the occipital crest (damage to this is called whiplash)

 

Term
whip lash
Definition

damage to the ligamentum nuchae, acceleration flexion-extension neck injury; cervical acceeration deceleration (CAD).

soft tissue cervical hypertension injury

Term
Thoracic
Definition
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