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Anatomy-Cat Musculature
Lab Practical 2
61
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/18/2014

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Cards

Term
Pinnae
Definition
cartilaginous part of the ear
Term
palpebrae
Definition
skin and muscle around eyes (eyelids)
Term
nictitating membrane
Definition
a third eyelid, lies on medial part of eye
can be drawn laterally over eye
Term
nares
Definition
opening to nostrils
Term
rhinarium
Definition
skin around nose
Term
vibrissae
Definition
whiskers over eyes and around snout
Term
brachium
antebrachium
manus
Definition
three sections of forelimb
Term
femoral area
cruz
pes
Definition
three sections of hindlimb
Term
anus
Definition
posterior opening to intestine, ventral to base of tail
Term
penis/scrotum
Definition
penis of cat is typically retracted in death
scrotum is a sac-like projection, typically has fur on it
Term
urogenital aperture
Definition
opening to urinary/reproductive tracts
Term
mammary glands
Definition
large, flattened masses in thoracic/abdominal region
are removed with skin
Term
sternomastoid
Definition
extends from sternum to mastoid process of skull (behind the ear); anterior to the clavotrapezius

function: flexes neck laterally, depresses snout
Term
digastric
Definition
two digastrics form a V under bottom jaw

function: depresses mandible
Term
geniohyoid
Definition
extends under bottom jaw, found under mylohyoid

function: draws hyoid anteriorly
Term
mylohyoid
Definition
between digastrics, pair of muscles in middle under chin

function: draws hyoid anteriorly, elevates floor of mouth
Term
sternohyoid
Definition
long flat muscle extending from sternum to hyoid across throat

function: draws hyoid posteriorly
Term
masseter
Definition
larger muscles covering back/side of jaw

function: elevates mandible
Term
clavobrachialis
Definition
extends from shoulder down the front of the brachium to ulna

function: flexes antebrachium
Term
pectoralis major
Definition
lies dorsal to pectoantebrachialis; the most anterior part extends laterally onto forelimbs, the most posterior part extends back in a point on midline

function: adducts humerus
Term
Pectoralis minor
Definition
lies posterior to pectoralis major, extends in V shape posteriorly (is larger than pectoralis major)

function: adducts humerus
Term
pectoantebrachialis
Definition
long, narrow anterior muscle, extends laterally onto forelimbs

function: adducts humerus
Term
xiphihumeralis
Definition
long, thin muscle, lies posterior to pectoralis minor and anterior to latissimus dorsi

function: adducts forelimb
Term
external intercostals
Definition
main muscles in trunk that extend between successive ribs; are superior to internal intercostals

function: elevate ribcage for respiration
Term
internal intercostals
Definition
found between ribs, inferior to exterior intercostals

function: depress ribcage for respiration
Term
Linea alba
Definition
midline of abdomen
Term
rectus abdominus
Definition
ventral muscular band extending from sternum to pelvis, on either side of the linea alba
found underneath obliques, next to transverse abdominus

function: compresses abdomen, flexes trunk
Term
transverse abdominus
Definition
deepest layer of abdominal muscle

function: constricts abdomen
Term
external and internal obliques
Definition
top two layers of abdominal muscle

function: constricts abdoment
Term
acromiodeltoid
Definition
triangular muscle on scapula, underneath cephalic vein (on undissected shoulder)

function: flexes and rotates humerus laterally
Term
spinodeltoid
Definition
posterior to acromiodeltoid, is below spinotrapezius and acromiotrapezius (on undissected shoulder)

function: flexes and laterally rotates humerus
Term
clavotrapezius
Definition
most anterior trapezius muscle, covers most of neck and comes down in front of shoulders and humerus (on undissected shoulder)

function: draws scapula anterodorsally
Term
acromiotrapezius
Definition
large muscle spanning across scapula from midline to top of acromiodeltoid/spinodeltoid (on undissected shoulder)

function: adduct and stabilize scapulae
Term
spinotrapezius
Definition
triangular muscle posterior to acromiotrapezius, anterior to latissimus dorsi

function: draws scapula posterodorsally
Term
supraspinatous
Definition
covers top of scapula (on dissected shoulder)

function: extends humerus
Term
intraspinatous
Definition
covers middle of scapula, laterally positioned (on dissected shoulder)

function: rotates humerus laterally
Term
rhomboideous
Definition
muscles from middorsal line that wraps behind scapula and connects it to back (on dissected shoulder)

function: draws scapula toward vertebrae
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
wide muscle that passes anteroventrally from under forearms to top of pelvic girdle

function: draws humerus posterodorsally
Term
splenius
Definition
large, flat muscle covering neck dorsolaterally

function: flexion of head laterally, elevates head
Term
teres major
Definition
wraps around bottom of scapula to under humerus

function: flexes and medially rotates humerus
Term
subscapularis
Definition
underneath scapula

function: adducts humerus
Term
serratus ventralis
Definition
large muscle from scapula that fans out to ribs

function: draws scapula ventrally, supports trunk on forelimbs
Term
biceps brachii
Definition
muscle that spans ventral side of humerus

function: flexes antebrachium
Term
brachialis
Definition
runs from lateral head of humerus to lateral surface of ulna, lateral to biceps

function: flexes antebrachium
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
muscle that spans dorsal side of humerus

function: extend antebrachium
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
1st muscle of forearm, runs length of radius (ventral view)

function: supinates manus (flips it to palm-up)
Term
dorsal side
-brachioradialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor digitorum cummunis
-extensor carpi ulnaris

ventral side
-pronator teres
-flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
the 6 muscles of the forearm, from medial to lateral

flexor digitorum superficialis: last slide of muscle on lateral side of forearm

pronator teres: muscle coming off of bulb on ventral side
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
large muscle of thigh, from tail it fans out to femur

function: flexes crux, abducts thigh
Term
gluteus medius, gluteus superficialis, gluteofemoralis
Definition
three muscles of the butt
medius is most anterior, gluteofemoralis is most posterior

function: abducts thigh
Term
tensor fascia lata
Definition
has narrow origin at hip, fans laterally down femur with fascia attached at bottom

function: flexes thigh
Term
adductors
Definition
lie under dissected gracilius, fans out from midthigh to hip

function: adducts and flexes thigh
Term
vastus lateralis, vastus medius
Definition
exposed under sartorius and tensor fascia lata, is most lateral part of thigh
the rectus femoris lies between them

function: extends crus
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
rounded muscle that runs length of femur, between vastus lateralis and medius

function: extends crus
Term
gracilis
Definition
large muscle extending down bottom of thigh, posterior to sartorious (ventral view)

function: adducts thigh, flexes crus
Term
sartorius
Definition
most anterior muscle of femur, runs under thigh

function: adducts thigh, extension of crus
Term
extensor digitorum longus
Definition
elongated muscle between tibialis anterior and tibia

function: extends digits, flexes pes
Term
flexor digitorum longus
Definition
elongated muscle posterior to tibia, anterior to gastrocnemia

function: flexes digits, extends pes
Term
gastronemius
Definition
largest muscle of crus, calf muscle behind tibia

function: extends pes, flexes crus
Term
soleus
Definition
lies deep in gastrocnemius, exposed between gastrocnemius and plantaris, part of calf muscles behind tibia

function: extends pes
Term
plantaris
Definition
lies between gastrocnemius and soleus, part of calf muscles behind tibia

function: extends pes
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
most anterior muscle of tibia, runs whole length

function: flexes pes
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