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Anatomy Block 4
KYCOM Block 4
1292
Anatomy
Graduate
11/27/2012

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Cards

Term
what are the boundries of the axilla
Definition
upper arm and side of thorax
Term
what is the general function of the axilla
Definition
passage for lymph, notves, vessels
Term
what is another word for the apex of the axilla
Definition
cervico axillary canal
Term
in what way is the apex of the axilla directed
Definition
towards the root of neck
Term
what is the anterior boundry of the axilla apex
Definition
posterior border of clavicle
Term
what is the posterior boundry of the axilla apex
Definition
superior border of the scapula
Term
what is the medial boundry of the axilla apex
Definition
lateral border of rib 1
Term
what is the anterior boundry of the base of the axilla
Definition
anterior axillary fold formed by the lower border of the pectoraliz major
Term
what is the posterior border of the base of the axilla
Definition
posterior axillary fold formed by lower borders of teres major and latissimus dorsi
Term
what is the medial border of the base of the axilla
Definition
thoracic wall
Term
what muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla
Definition
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia
Term
what muscles form the posterior wall of the axilla
Definition
acapula, aubscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
Term
what forms the medial border of the axilla
Definition
upper 4/5 ribs and intercostal spaces between them covered by serratus anterior
Term
what forms the lateral wall of the axilla
Definition
bicipital (intertubercular) groove of the humerus
Term
what are the contents of the axilla
Definition
axillary artery and vein and their branches, axillary lymph nodes and vessels, brachial plexus cords and its branches
Term
where does the axillary artery begin
Definition
at the lateral border of rib 1 as a continuation of the subclavian artery
Term
where does the axillary artery end
Definition
at the lower border of teres major where it becomes the brachial artery
Term
what is the axillary artery surrounded by
Definition
cords of brachial plexus and their branches
Term
what muscle crosses in front of the axillary artery dividing it
Definition
pectoraliz minor
Term
what are the boundries of the 1st part of the axillary artery
Definition
lateral border of 1st rib to medial border of pectoraliz minor
Term
what are the boundries of the 2nd part of the axillary artery
Definition
posterior to pectoralis minor
Term
what are the boundries of the 3rd part of the axillary artery
Definition
from lateral border of pectoralis minor to lower border of teres major
Term
what are the branches of the 1st part of the axillary artery
Definition
superior thoracic
Term
what does the superior thoracic artery supply
Definition
upper two intercostal spaces
Term
what are the branches of the second part of the thoracic artery
Definition
thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery
Term
where does the thoracoacromial artery originate
Definition
close to medial border of pectoralis minor
Term
what does the thoracoacromial artery pierce
Definition
clavipectoral fascia (costocoracoid membrane)
Term
what branches does the thoracoacromial artery
Definition
clavicular, acromial, pectoral, deltoid
Term
where does the lateral thoracic artery originate
Definition
close to lateral border of pectoralis minor
Term
what does the lateral thoracic artery follow, where to
Definition
the lateral pectoralis minor to the thoracic wall
Term
what does the lateral thoracic artery supply
Definition
pectoralis muscles, serratus anterior, lateral brest
Term
what are the branches of the third part of the axillary artery
Definition
subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral
Term
what is the largest branch of the axillary artery
Definition
subscapular
Term
what muscle does the subscapular artery descend on
Definition
subscapularis muscle
Term
what are the branches of the subscapular artery
Definition
circumflex and thoracodorsal
Term
what does the circumflex scapular artery supply
Definition
muscles on posterior aspect of scapula
Term
what does the circumflex scapular artery curve around
Definition
lateral border of scapula in triangular zone
Term
what does the thoracodorsal artery follow
Definition
lateral border of scapula
Term
what does the thoracodorsal artery sypply
Definition
muscles on posterior axilla wall
Term
where does the thoracodorsal artery end
Definition
in the latissimus dorsi muscle
Term
what does the anterior circumflex humeral artery pass around
Definition
front of surgical neck of humerus
Term
what does the posterior circumflex humeral artery pass through
Definition
quadrangular space with axillary nerve, skirts posterior aspect of surgical neck of humerus
Term
where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery end
Definition
anstomoses with anterior circumflex humeral artery
Term
what are the arteries that participate in anastomoses around the scapula, where do they come from
Definition
dorsal scapular from the subclavuan, suprascapular from the subclavian, subscapular from axillary
Term
where does the axillary vein form
Definition
lower border of teres major
Term
what joins to make the axillary vein
Definition
2 brachial veins and basalic vein
Term
what is the axillary vein anterior to
Definition
axillary artery
Term
where does the axillary vein terminate
Definition
lateral border for rib 1 where it becomes aubclavian
Term
what are the tributaries of the axillary vein
Definition
correspond with branches of the axillary artery and cephalic vein
Term
what are the groups of axillary lymph nodes
Definition
anterior (pectoral), posterior (aubscapular), lateral, apical, central
Term
where are the anterior axillary lymph nodes located
Definition
along lateral border of the pectoralis minor
Term
what do the anterior axillary lymph nodes recieve
Definition
lateral quadrents of breast and superificial lymph vessels from anterior thoracic wall and anterior abdominal wall above umbilicus
Term
where are the posterior axillary lymph nodes located
Definition
in front of subscapularis
Term
what do the posterior axillary lymph nodes recieve
Definition
superificial lymph vessels from back above iliac crest
Term
where are the lateral axillary lymph nodes located
Definition
along axillary vein
Term
what do the lateral axillary lymph nodes recieve
Definition
most lymph from upper limb except those accompanying the cephalic vein
Term
where does lymph accompanying the cephalic vein drain into
Definition
apical lymph nodes
Term
where are the central axillary nodes located
Definition
in center of axilla
Term
what do the central axillary nodes recieve
Definition
lymph from lateral, posterior, and anterior axillary nodes
Term
where are the apical axillary lymph nodes located
Definition
apex of axilla
Term
what do the apical axillary lymph nodes recieve
Definition
lymph from all other axillary nodes and from lymph vessels by cephalic vein
Term
where do the efferent vessels from the apicalaxillary nodes go
Definition
join to form subclavian lymph trunk and some may go into supraclavicular nodes
Term
where does the aubclavian lymph trunk drain
Definition
into thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct (right)
Term
explain the organization of the brachial plexus
Definition
roots > trunks > divisions > cords > terminal branches
Term
what makes the roots of the brachial plexus
Definition
ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-8 and most of ventral rami of T1
Term
what makes the sueprior trunk of the brachial plexus
Definition
ventral rami C5-5
Term
what makes the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
Definition
ventral rami C7
Term
what makes the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
Definition
ventral rami C8-T1
Term
what are the division of the brachial plexus, what makes them
Definition
each trunk (superior, middle, inferior) divides into anterior and posterior divisions making 6 divisions
Term
what makes the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
posterior divisions of all three trunks
Term
what makes the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
Term
what makes the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
anterior division of the inferior trunk
Term
what are the terminal branches of the posterior cord
Definition
axillary and radial nerves
Term
what are the terminal branches of the lateral cord
Definition
musculocutanrous and lateral root of median nerve
Term
what are the terminal branches of the medial cord
Definition
ulnar nerve and medial root of median nerve
Term
what are the additional branches from the roots of the brachial plexus
Definition
dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve
Term
what are the additional branches from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Definition
nerve to the subclavias, suprascapular nerve
Term
what are the additional branches from the posterior cordof the brachial plexus
Definition
upper and lower subscapular nerves, thoracodorsal nerve
Term
what are the additional branches from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
lateral pectoral nerve
Term
what are the additional branches from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Term
what are the axioappendicular muscles
Definition
connect axial skeleton to appendicular skeleton of upper lumb
Term
what are the posterior axioappendicular muscles
Definition
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
Term
what are the anterior axioappendicular muscles
Definition
pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, and sibclavias
Term
what is the origin of the pectoralis major
Definition
clavicular head: medial half of clavicle, sternocostal head: sternum and upper 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Term
what is the insertion of the pectoralis major
Definition
lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
Term
what is the innervation of the pectoralis major
Definition
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Term
what is the action of the pectoralis major
Definition
flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm and sholder joint, assists in forced inspiration
Term
where is the pectoralis major located in relation to minor
Definition
major is superificial
Term
what is the origin of the pectoralis minor
Definition
3-5 ribs
Term
what is the insertion of the pectoralis minor
Definition
coracoid process
Term
what is the innervation of the pectoralis minor
Definition
medial pectoral nerve
Term
what is the action of the pectoralis minor
Definition
stabilize scapula by drawing it inferior and anterior against the thoracic wall, assists in forced inspiration
Term
what does the serratus anterior corver
Definition
lateral thoracic wall
Term
what is the origin of the serratus anterior
Definition
external surface of ribs 1-8
Term
what is the insertion of serratus anterior
Definition
medial and inferior angle of scapula
Term
what is the inervation of serratus anterior
Definition
long thoracic nerve
Term
what is the action of serratus anterior
Definition
holds scaula against thoracic wall and rotates scapula
Term
what can cause winged scapula
Definition
paralysis of serratus anterior
Term
what occurs in a winged scapula
Definition
medial scapular border protrudes posterior
Term
where in general is the subclavius located
Definition
between clavicle and rib 1
Term
what is the insertion of the subclavias
Definition
inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Term
what is the origin of the subclavius
Definition
1st rib and 1st costal cartilage
Term
what is the innervation of the subclavias
Definition
nerve to subclavius
Term
what is the action of the subclavius
Definition
depress the clavicle and brace the clavicle against the sternum
Term
where is the clavipectoral fascia located
Definition
sheet of connective tissue deep to the pectoralis major muscle
Term
what does the clavipectoralis fascia attach to
Definition
superior to the clavicle, then it splits, and inferior to the sibclavius
Term
what does the clavipectoral fascia enclose
Definition
subclavius muscle (superior), and pectoralis minor
Term
what is the costocoracoid membrane part of
Definition
clavipectoral fascia
Term
what does the costocoracoid membrane extend between
Definition
subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles
Term
what is the name of the clavipectoral fascia between subclavius and pectoralis minor
Definition
costocoracoid membrane
Term
what is the name of the clavipectoral fascia inferior to pectoralis minor
Definition
suspensory ligament of axilla
Term
what does the supensory ligament of axilla attach to
Definition
axillary fascia at base of axilla
Term
what is another name for the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder
Definition
scapulohumeral muscles
Term
what do the scapulohumeral muscles extend between, in feneral
Definition
shoulder girdle (mostly scapula) to humerus
Term
what are the scapulohumeral muscles involved in
Definition
movements of the arm at shoulder joint
Term
what are the scapulohumeral muscles
Definition
deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
Term
what is the origin of the deltoid
Definition
lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Term
what is the insertion of the deltoid
Definition
deltoid tuberosity on shaft of humerus
Term
what is the innervation of the deltoid
Definition
axillary nerve
Term
what is the action of the deltoid, what fibers are doing these jobs
Definition
abduction of arm and shoulder joint, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm, the posterior fibers extend lateral and rotate the arm
Term
what is the origin of the supraspinatus
Definition
supraspinous fossa on the scapula
Term
what is the insertion of the supraspinatus
Definition
greater tubercle of the humerus (upper facet)
Term
what is the innervation of the supraspinatus
Definition
suprascapular nerve
Term
what is the action of the supraspinatus
Definition
help stabilize shoulder joint, initiate and assist deltoid in abduction of the arm at shoulder joint
Term
what is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle
Definition
infraspinous fossa of scapula
Term
what is the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle
Definition
greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet
Term
what is the innervation of the infraspinatus muscle
Definition
suprascapular nerve
Term
what is the action of the infraspinatus muscle
Definition
stabilize shoulder joint, laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint
Term
what is the origin of the teres minor
Definition
middle part of lateral border of the scapula
Term
what is the insertion of the teres minor
Definition
greater tubercle of the humerus lower facet
Term
what is the innervation of the teres minor
Definition
axillary nerve
Term
what is the action of the teres minor
Definition
helps stabilize the shoulder joint, laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint
Term
what is the origin of the subscapularis
Definition
subscapular fossa (anterior scapula)
Term
what is the insertion of the subscapularis
Definition
lesser tubercle of the humerus
Term
what is the innervation of the subscapularis
Definition
upper and lower subscapular nerves
Term
what is the action of the subscapularis
Definition
help stabilize the shoulder joint, medial rotator of arm at shoulder joint
Term
what is sacerificed so the shoulder can have a wider range of motion
Definition
stability
Term
what is the most commonly dislocated large joint
Definition
rotator cuff
Term
what is the strength of the rotator cuff dependent on
Definition
tone of short muscles connecting scapula to upper end of the humerus, the rotator cuff muscles
Term
what are the rotatoe cuff muscles
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Term
what aspect of the rotator cuff is weak, what can this cause
Definition
inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus
Term
what is the origin of the teres major
Definition
lower part of lateral border of scapula and posterior aspect of the inferior angle of scapula
Term
what is the insertion of teres major
Definition
medial lip of bicipital (intertuvercular) groove of the humerus
Term
what is the innervation of the teres major
Definition
lower subscapular nerve
Term
what is the action of the teres major
Definition
medial rotation, extension, and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint
Term
what does the quadrangular space communicate between
Definition
axilla and posterior aspect of shoulder
Term
in the posterior view, what is the superior boundry of the quadrangular space
Definition
teres minor
Term
in the posterior view, what is the inferior boundry of the quadrangular space
Definition
teres major
Term
in the posterior view, what is the medial boundry of the quadrangular space
Definition
long head of tricepts brachii
Term
in the posterior view, what is the lateral boundry of the quadrangular space
Definition
humerus surgical neck
Term
in the anterior view, what is the superior boundry of the quadrangular space
Definition
subscapularis
Term
what passes through the quadrangular space
Definition
posterior curcumflex humeral vessels and axillary nerve
Term
where does the axillary nerve originate
Definition
from posterior cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla
Term
what fibers does the axillary nerve have
Definition
ventral rami of C5 and C6
Term
describe the location of the axillary nerve in the quadrangular space
Definition
posterior through space inferior to shoulder joint
Term
what nerve is volurnable to damage during shoulder dislocations
Definition
axillary
Term
what are the branches of the axillary nerve
Definition
muscular branches to the deltoid and teres minor muscles, articular branch to the shoulder joint, upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
Term
what does the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supply
Definition
skin over superior part of lateral aspect of arm
Term
where is the triangular space in relation to the quadrangular
Definition
medial
Term
in the posterior view, what is the superior boundry of the triangular space
Definition
teres minor
Term
in the posterior view, what is the inferior boundry of the triangular space
Definition
teres major
Term
in the posterior view, what is the lateral boundry of the triangular space
Definition
long head of triceps brachii
Term
in the anterior view, what is the superior boundry of the triangular space
Definition
subscapularis muscle
Term
what runs through the triangular space
Definition
circumflex scapular vessels
Term
what innervates the skin over point of shoulder and half way down deltoid muscle, what does this nerve branch off of
Definition
suprascapular nerves from the cervical plexus
Term
what innervates the skin over the lower half of the deltoid, what does this nerve branch off of
Definition
upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm from the axillary nerve
Term
what innervates the skin over the lateral arm below the deltoid, what does this nerve branch off of
Definition
lower lateral cutanrous nerve of the arm from the radial nerve
Term
what innervaes the skin of the base of the axilla and medial arm, what does this nerve branch off of
Definition
medial curanrous nerve of the arm from the medial cord, intercostobrachial nerve from the lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve
Term
what innervates the skin of the back of the arm, what does this nerve branch off of
Definition
posterior cutanrous nerve of the arm from the radial nerve
Term
what are the superificial veins of the arm
Definition
cephalic and basilic
Term
where does the cephalic vein oroginate
Definition
from lateral side of dorsal venous arch of hand
Term
what is the cephalic vein within
Definition
superificial fascia on lateral aspect of the arm
Term
where does the cephalic vein leave the superificial fascia, what does it then run by
Definition
it runs superior and medial between pectoralis major and deltoid
Term
where does the cephalic vein go after it runs through the pectoralis major and deltoid
Definition
passes deep to the clavicular head of the pectoralis major and pierces the clavipectoral fascia draining into the axillary vein
Term
where does the basilic vein originate
Definition
medial side of dorsal venous arch of hard
Term
describe the path of the basalic vein
Definition
ascends in superificial fascia on medial side of arm half way up the arm it pierces deep fascia at lower border of teres major and joins beachial veins to form axillary vein
Term
what encloses the components of the arm
Definition
sheath of deep fascia
Term
how is the arm divided into anterior and posterior
Definition
medial and lateral intermuscular septa extend from deep fascia to humerus
Term
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Definition
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Term
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm innervated by
Definition
musculocutanrous nerve
Term
what is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii
Definition
coracoid process
Term
what is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii
Definition
supraglenoid tubercle
Term
which head of the biceps brachii has a tendon
Definition
long head
Term
describe the path of the tendon of the biceps brachii
Definition
passes above humeral head within the shoulder joint and emerges from joint and lies in the bicipital groove
Term
what is the insertion of the biceps brachii
Definition
radial tuberosity and deep fascia of medial aspect of forearm via fibrous band, bicipital aponeurosis
Term
what innervates the biceps brachii
Definition
musculocutaneous nerve
Term
what is the action of the biceps brachii
Definition
flexion and supination of the forearm, assists in flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint
Term
what is the origin of the coracobrachialis
Definition
coracoid process
Term
what is the insertion of the coracobrachialis
Definition
middle part of medial surface of the humeral shaft
Term
what is the innervation of the coracobrachialis
Definition
musculocutaneous nerve
Term
what is the action of the coracobrachialis
Definition
flexion and adduction of the arm and shoulder joint
Term
what pierces the coracobrachialis
Definition
musculocutraneous nerve
Term
what is the origin of the brachialis
Definition
anterior aspect of lower half of humeral shaft
Term
what is the insertion of the brachialis
Definition
coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Term
what is the innervation of the brachialis
Definition
musculocutanrous nerve, small lateral part of the muscle is supplied by radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the brachialis
Definition
flexion of the forearm at the elbow
Term
where does the brachial artery begin
Definition
at lower border of teres major muscle as a continuation of the axillary artery
Term
what does the brachial artery run along
Definition
medial aspect of the arm
Term
what runs with the brachial artery
Definition
median nerve
Term
how does the brachial artery get to the cubital fossa
Definition
passes deep to the bicipital aponeurosis
Term
where does the brachial artery end, how
Definition
in cubital fossa, opposite the neck of the radius divides into radial and ulnar arteries
Term
what are the branches of the brachial artery
Definition
muscular, nutrient artery of the humerus, profunda brachii artery, superior ulnar colateral artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery, radial artery, ulnar artery
Term
what muscles does the muscular branches of the brachial artery supply
Definition
anterior compartment of the arm
Term
where does the profunda brachii artery begin
Definition
near the begining of the brachial artery
Term
what does the profunda brachii artery follow
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what does the profunda brachii artery supply
Definition
posterior compartment of the arm
Term
where and how does the progunda brachii artery terminate
Definition
radial collateral and middle collateral branches. anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
what does the superior ulnar collateral artery run along, how does it end
Definition
ulnar nerve, anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
where does the inferior ulnar collateral artery end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
what is the terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
musculocutaneous nerve
Term
what does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce
Definition
coracobrachialis
Term
describe the path of the musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
runs inferior and lateral between biceps brachii and brachialis, just lateral to biceps brachii tendon, it pierces deep fascia and becomes superificial, runs down lateral part of forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Term
what are the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
musular, lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, articular branch ot elbow joint
Term
what are the muscular branche sof the musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
Term
what does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply
Definition
skin along lateral forearm as far as root of thumb
Term
how does the median nerve originate
Definition
by two roots from the medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus
Term
what does the median nerve run with
Definition
brachial artery
Term
at first, what is the relation of the median nerve to the middle artery
Definition
lateral to brachial artery
Term
what happens to the location of the median nerve int he middle arm
Definition
crosses anterior from lateral to medial
Term
after the middle arm, what does the medial nerve run under where does it end then
Definition
bicipital aponeurosis, cubital fossa
Term
what is the terminal branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
in the anterior compartment of the arm, what does the ulnar nerve run along, one what side, where does this relationship end
Definition
medial to brachial artery up to the insertion of the coracobrachialis
Term
after the insertion of the coracobrachialis, what does the ulnar nerve do
Definition
pierces intermuscular septum and descends in posterior compartment of the arm, passes posterior to medial epicontyle of humerus
Term
where is the ulnar nerve suspectible to injury, why
Definition
when it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, it is superificial
Term
in what compartment is the triceps bracii
Definition
posterior compartment of the arm
Term
what is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii
Definition
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Term
what is the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii
Definition
posterior aspect of the humeral shaft above the radial (spiral) groove
Term
what is the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii
Definition
posterior aspect of the humeral shaft, below radial (spiral) groove
Term
what is the insertion of the triceps brachii
Definition
upper surface of olecranon of ulna
Term
what is the innervation of the triceps brachii
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the triceps brachii
Definition
long head assists in extension and adduction of the arm and shoulder, extension of the forearm at elbow joint
Term
what is the terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what compartment of the arm does the radial nerve enter
Definition
posterior
Term
describe the path of the radial nerve. this is long.
Definition
passes inferior and lateral in radial groove on posterior aspect of the humeral shafe, in low arm it pierces lateral intermuscular septum and enters anterior compartment, runs inferior between brachialis and brachioradialis, in front of lateral epicondyle of the humerus it divides into superificial and deep branches
Term
in the posterior compartment of the arm what is the radial nerve accompanied by
Definition
profunda brachii vessels
Term
what are the branches of the radial nerve in the axilla and posterior compartment of the arm
Definition
muscular branches for 3 heads of triceps and anconeus, lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Term
what are the branches of the radial nerve in the anterior compartment of the arm
Definition
muscular branches of the brachialis, brachioradialis, extensorcapri radialis longus, articular branch to the elbow joint, deep and superificial branches
Term
what are the terminal branches of the radial nerve
Definition
deep and superificial branches
Term
where is the cubital fossa located
Definition
anterior to elbow joint
Term
what is the medial boundry of the cubital fossa
Definition
pronator teres
Term
what is the lateral boundry of the cubital fossa
Definition
brachioradialis
Term
what is the superior boundry of the cubital fossa
Definition
line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of humeris
Term
what forms the floor of the cubital fossa
Definition
brachialis medially and supinator laterally
Term
what forms the roof of the cubital fossa
Definition
skin, superificial fascia, and deep fascia
Term
what is the roof of the cubital fossa reinforced by
Definition
bicipital aponeurosis
Term
what runs in the roof of the cubital fossa
Definition
median cubitial vein, branches of the medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm
Term
where is the median cubital vein located
Definition
superificial fascia overlying cubital fossa
Term
what does the median cubital vein connect
Definition
cephalic and basalic veins
Term
where are the branches of the medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm located
Definition
in superificial fascia overlying cubital fossa
Term
what are the contents of the cubital fossa
Definition
median nerve, brachial artery and its two terminal branches and accompanying veins, tendon of the biceps brachii, radial nerve and its two terminal branches
Term
what is another word for forearm
Definition
antibrachium
Term
what surrounds the forearm
Definition
antibrachial fascia, deep fascia
Term
what connecs the radius and ulna, what is its other function
Definition
interosseus membrane, attaches deep forearm muscles
Term
what divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments
Definition
interosseous membrane
Term
what is another name fore the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor
Term
what is another name for the posterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
extensor
Term
what nerves form the cutaneous innervation of the forearm
Definition
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, posterior cutaneous nerve of the foreaem
Term
what is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
musculocutaneous
Term
what is the medial cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
medial cord
Term
what is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the foreaem a branch of
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what are the superificial veins of the forearm
Definition
cephalic, basilic, median cubital, median antibrachial
Term
what vein is frequently used for venipuncture
Definition
median cubital
Term
describe the location of the median antebrachial vein
Definition
ascends along the forearm midline and drains into median cubital vein
Term
what is the flexor retinaculum, where is it located
Definition
strong fibrous connective tissue band on the anterior wrist
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum attach to medially
Definition
pisiform and hook of hamate
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum attach to laterally
Definition
scaphoid and trapezium
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum create at its lateral attachment, what is located there
Definition
creates a tunnel for the fleor capri radialis tendon
Term
in general what does the retinaculum form
Definition
anterior concave surface of the carpel bones into the carpal tunnel
Term
what is in the carpal tunnel
Definition
median nerve and flexor tendons of the fingers
Term
what cauuses carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
compression of the median nerve at the carpel tunnel
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
what are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Definition
flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus
Term
what are all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm supplied by
Definition
median nerve
Term
what muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are not supplied by the median nerve, what nerve is it
Definition
the flexor carpi ulnaris and medial hald of flexor digitorum produndus are supplied by the ulnar nerve
Term
what is the origin of the pronator teres humeral head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the origin of the pronator teres ulnar head
Definition
medial aspect of the coronoid process
Term
what does the median nerve pass between in the cubital fossa
Definition
the heads of the pronator teres
Term
what is the insertion of the pronator teres
Definition
middle part of lateral surface of shaft of radius (pronator tuberosity)
Term
what is the innervation of the pronator teres
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the pronator teres
Definition
pronation and flexion of the forearm
Term
what is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
common flexor tendon which is attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Term
what does the flexor carpi radialis pass through before its insertion
Definition
tendon passes through its own tunnel in lateral part of flexor retinaculum
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis
Definition
flexion and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the palmaris longus
Definition
common flexor tendon, which is attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the palmaris longus
Definition
distal part of the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Term
what does the palmaris longus pass by before its insertion
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what innervates the palmaris longus
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the palmaris longus
Definition
flexion of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
does everyone have a palmaris longus
Definition
no, 14% of people dont
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris humeral head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar head
Definition
medial espect of the olecranon and posterior border of the ulnar shaft
Term
what does the ulnar nerve pass through as it enters the forearm
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
pisiform, hook and hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
flexion and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum superificialis humeroulnar head
Definition
common flexor tendon, attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and medial aspect of the coronoid process
Term
what is the origin of the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
anterior aspect of the radius
Term
before its insertion, how does the flexor digitorum superificialis reorganize
Definition
muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons that enter the hand through the carpal tunnel, at proximal phalanges the tendons divide into 2 slips allowing passage of corresponding tendons of flexor digitorum progundus
Term
what is the final insertion of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
two slips that attach to the middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
median nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Definition
flexion of middle phalanges (interphalangeal joints) of medial 4 fingers, flexioon of proximal phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joints) of medial 4 fingers with flexion of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
anterior surface of the shaft of the radius and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
base of distal phalanx of thumb
Term
what does the flexor pollicis longus pass through before its insertion
Definition
carpal tunnel
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus
Definition
anterior interosseous nerve (branch of the median nerve)
Term
what is the action of the flexior pollicis longus
Definition
flexion of the distal phalanx (interphalangeal joint) of the thumb, flexion of proximal phalanx (metacarpophalangeal joint) of the thumb, flexion of 1st metacarpal (carpometacarpal joint) of the thumb, flexion of the hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
anterior and medial surfaces of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
lower forearm, then there are 4 tendons that go through the carpal tunnel
Term
what do the tendons of the flexor digitorum progundus pass through, where do they then insert
Definition
between 2 slpis of corresponding tendons of the flexor digitorum superificialis and insert into bases of the distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum progundus medial half
Definition
little and ring finger, ulnar nerve
Term
what is the innervation of the lateral half of the flexor digitorum produndus
Definition
index and middle fingers, anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
Term
what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
flexion of the distal phalanges (interphalangeal joint) of medial 4 fingers, flexion of middle and proximal phalanges (proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints), and flexion of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the pronator quadratus
Definition
lower anterior shaft of ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the pronator quadratus
Definition
lower anterior shaft of radius
Term
what is the innervation of the pronator quadratus
Definition
anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median)
Term
what is the action of the pronator quadratus
Definition
pronation of the forearm
Term
what is located in the carpal tunnel
Definition
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superificialis and flexor digitorum profundus, tendon of flexor pollicis longus, median nerve, all the tendons have a common flexor sheath
Term
where does the ulnar artery begin
Definition
in the cubital fossa as a terminal branch of the brachial artery
Term
where is the ulnar artery located in the upper forearm
Definition
deep to the hands of the pronator teres and to all superificial ad intermediate muscues of the anterior compartment
Term
in the lower forearm where is the ulnar artery
Definition
superificial, between the tendon of the flexor carpi and the ulnaris and the ulnar nerve and the tendons of the flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
where does the ulnar artery end the hand, with what
Definition
anterior to the flexor retinaculum, unlar nerve
Term
how does the ulnar artery end
Definition
forming superificial palmar arch
Term
what are the branches of the ulnar artery
Definition
muscular branches, anterior and posterior recurrent, palmar and dorsal carpal, common interosseous, anterior interosseous, posterior interosseous
Term
how do the anterior and posterior unlar arteries end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
how do the palmar and dorsal carpal arteries end
Definition
anastomose with correspondiing branches of the radial artery to form palmar and dorsal carpal arches
Term
where does the common interosseous artery begin
Definition
upper ulnar artery
Term
how does the common interosseous artery end
Definition
divides into anterior and posterior interosseous
Term
where does the anterior interosseous artery run
Definition
inferior on the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane and proximal border of the pronator quadratus, it pierces the interosseous membrane and enters posterior compartment of the arm
Term
what does the posterior interosseous artery pass between
Definition
ulna and radius above the superior border of the interosseous membrane to enter the posterior compartment of the forearm
Term
where does the radial artery begin
Definition
in the cubital fossa, a terminal branch of the brachial artery
Term
what is the radial artery covered by in the upper forearm
Definition
brachioradialis
Term
where is the radial artery in the lower forearm
Definition
superificial and between tendon of the brachioradialis and tendon of felxor carpi radialis
Term
what is the radial artery accompanied by
Definition
superificial branch of the radial nerve
Term
what are the branches of the radial artery
Definition
muscular, radial recurrent, palmar and dorsal carpal, superificial palmar
Term
how does the radial recurrent artery end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow joint
Term
how does the palmar and dorsal carpal arteries end
Definition
branches anastomose with corresponding branches of ulnar arteryto form palmar and dorsal carpal arches
Term
where does the superificial palmar artery begin
Definition
just above wrist
Term
how does the superificial palmar artery end
Definition
enters palm of hand and frequrntly anastomoses with ulnar artery to complete the superificial palmar arch on the lateral side
Term
where does the median nerve exit the cubital foss
Definition
between humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres
Term
what does the median nerve descend in the forearm between
Definition
flexor digitorum superificialis, flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the median nerve located at the wrist
Definition
emerbes above wrist from under the flexor digitorum superificialis and lies just deep to rendon of palmaris longus
Term
how does the median nerve enter the hand
Definition
carpal tunnel
Term
what are the branches of the median nerve
Definition
muscular, articular branch to elbow joint, palmar branch, anterior interosseous
Term
what are the muscular branches of the median nerve
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superificialis
Term
what does the palmar branch of the medial nerve supply
Definition
skin over lateral palm of hand
Term
what does the palmar branch of the median nerve pass over
Definition
superificial to flexor retinaculum
Term
where does the anterior interosseous nerve originate
Definition
medial nerve as it emerges from pronator teres
Term
describe the path of the anterior interosseous nerve
Definition
runs inferior on anterion interosseous membrane with anterior interosseous a
Term
what does the interior interosseous innervate
Definition
dlexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, lateral hald of flexor digitorum progundus
Term
what are the branches of the anterior interosseous nerve
Definition
articular branches to wrist and distal radioulnar joints
Term
how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm
Definition
anterior by passing between both heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what is the ulnar nerve accompanied by
Definition
ulnar artery along most of its corse in the forearm
Term
what is the ulnar nerve between in the upper forearm
Definition
more deeply located between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the ulnar nerve in the lower forearm
Definition
more superificial between dendon of flexor carpi and ulnar artery
Term
were is the ulnar nerve located as it enters the palm of the hand
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what are the branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
muscular, articular to the elbow, palmar, dorsal, superificial, deep
Term
what are the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Term
where is the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve located
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supply
Definition
medial aprt of the palm of hand
Term
where is the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve located
Definition
curves around the ulna, deep to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris,
Term
what does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supply
Definition
skin of medial part of dorsum of the hand and proximal dorsal surface of medial half of fiingers
Term
what are the terminal branches of the ulnar nerve
Definition
superificial and deep
Term
what is the extensor retinculum
Definition
thickening of deep fascia across the back of wrist
Term
what is the function of the extensor retinaculum
Definition
holds extensor tendons in place
Term
what does the retinaculum convert
Definition
grooves on posterior aspect of distal ends of the redius and ulna into 6 seperate tunnels for long extensor tendons
Term
what are the tunnels of the retinaculum lined with
Definition
synovial sheaths
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the posterior forearm supplied by
Definition
radial nerve deep branch of posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the posterior interosseous nerve a continuation of
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve in posterior forearm compartment
Term
what is the origin of the brachioradialis
Definition
upper part of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the brachioradialis
Definition
base of styloid process of radius
Term
what is the innervation of the brachioradialis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the brachioradialis
Definition
flexion of forearm at elbow joint, assists in supination of forearm
Term
what is the origin of the extensor radialis longus
Definition
lower part of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
extension and abduction of the hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor digitorum
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor digitorum
Definition
muscle belly gives 4 tendons that fan over dorsum of hand to form extensor expansions near the proximal interphalangeal joints
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor digitorum
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor digitorum
Definition
extension of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers and extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and usually divides into 2 slips which insert into extensor expansion of the little finger
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of extensor digiti minimi
Definition
extension of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of littel finger, assists with extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the humeral head of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
common extensor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the origin of the ulnar head of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
posterior border of the shaft of ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts into the dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
extension and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the anconeus
Definition
posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
what is the insertion of the anconeus
Definition
lateral surface of the olcranon and upper part of posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna
Term
what is the innervation of the anconeus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the anconeus
Definition
assists triceps brachii in extension of the forearm at elbow joint
Term
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
Term
what are the muscles of the deep posterior forearm innervated by
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the origin of the supinator
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments of the elbow, and supinator crest and fossa of the ulna
Term
what is the insertion of the supinator
Definition
fibers wrap around the radius to insert into the anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces of the upper 1/3 of the radius
Term
what is the innervation of the supinator
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
what is the action of the supinator
Definition
supination of the forearm
Term
what pierces the supinator
Definition
deep branch of radial nerve
Term
how does the deep branch of the radial nerve get to the forearm
Definition
pierces the supinator
Term
wt is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior surface of the shafts of ulna and radius and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
tendon inserts into dorsal aspect of base of 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the abductor pollicis longus
Definition
abducts and extends thumb at the carpometacarpal joint and assists with abduction of hand at wrist joint
Term
what is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the redius and the interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb and 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
extensor of distal and proximal phalanges of the htumb and 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the anatomical snuff box
Definition
triangular depression on lateral side of wrist
Term
what is the anterior boundry of the snuff box
Definition
tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Term
what is the posterior boundry of the snuff box
Definition
tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Term
what lines of the floor of the snuff box
Definition
radial artery, deep to tendons
Term
what is the origin of the extensor indicis
Definition
posterior surface of the shaft of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor indicis
Definition
extensor expansion of the index finber
Term
what is the innervation of the extensor indicis
Definition
posterior inerosseous nerve
Term
what is the action fo the extensor indicis
Definition
extends proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the index finger and assists with the extension of hand at wrist joint
Term
explain the path of the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
runs down the forearm deep to the brachioradialis muscle and lateral to the radial artery
Term
where is the superificial branch of the radial nerve in the distal forearm
Definition
seperates from artery and passes backward under the tendon of the brachioradialis to reach the posterior surface of the wrist
Term
how does the superificial branch of the radial nerve end
Definition
divides into branches the supply skin on lateral dorsum of hand and dorsal aspect of lateral 3.5 fingers
Term
describe the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve to the posterior compartment
Definition
pierces supinator, winds around lateral aspect of the radius within supinator to reach posterior compartment of forearm
Term
how is the posterior interosseous nerve formed from
Definition
radial nerve after it pierces the supinator muscle
Term
describe the path of the interosseous nerve
Definition
descends between superificial and deep muscles of posterior compartment of forearm and terminates on the posterior aspect of the wrist
Term
what does the deep branch of the forearm supply
Definition
extensor carpi radialis bravis and supinator
Term
what does the posterior interosseous nerve supply
Definition
extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus and extensor indicis, articular branch to wrist and intercarpal joints
Term
where does the posterior interosseous artery originate
Definition
anterior compartment from the common interosseous artery
Term
describe the path of the posterior interosseous artery to the posterior compartment
Definition
passes posterior between ulna and radius above the interosseous membrane to reach posterior compartment
Term
describe the path of the posterior intersseous artery in the posterior compartment
Definition
accompanies posterior interosseous nerve, gives off interosseous recurrent artery, terminal part anastamoses with the anterior interosseous artery
Term
what does the anterior interosseous artery pierce before it terminaates, as what
Definition
pierces interosseous membrane, anastomoes with posterior interosseous artery
Term
how does the interosseous recurrent artery end
Definition
anastomosis around elbow
Term
What does the anterior interosseous never innervate. Know this!
Definition
Flexor pollicks longus, pronator quadratus, lateral flexor digitorum, profundus
Term
What is the anterior compartment innervated by, except? Know this!
Definition
Median nerve except flexor Capri ulnaris and medial flexor digitorum profoundly, they are ulnar nerve
Term
what type of skin does the palm of the hand have, how is it arranged and bound
Definition
thick skin bound to deep fascia by numerous fibrous bands
Term
what is the palmaris brevis, where is it located
Definition
small superificial muscle over the hyposthenia eminence
Term
what is the origin of the palmaris brevis
Definition
flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Term
what is the insertion of the palmaris brevis
Definition
skin of medial border of palm
Term
what is the innervation of the palmaris brevis
Definition
superificial branch of ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the palmaris brevis
Definition
corrugates skin of hyposthenia eminence to improve grip of palm
Term
where is the deep fascia of the palm most thin
Definition
over the thenar and hyposthenia eminences
Term
where is the deep fascia of the palm the thickest
Definition
over central area, palmer aopneurosis
Term
what shape is the palmar aponeurosis
Definition
triangular
Term
where is the apex of the palmar aponeurosis directed
Definition
proximally to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what inserts into the palmar aponeurosis
Definition
palmaris longus tendon
Term
how is the base of the palmar aponeurosis directed
Definition
distally at finger bases, divided into 4 slips
Term
what is the base of the palmar aponeurosis continous with
Definition
fibrous flexor sheaths
Term
where do the fibrous flexor sheaths extend to and from
Definition
metacarpal heads to base of distal phalanges
Term
where do flexor sheaths attach
Definition
to sides of phalanges
Term
what do flexor sheaths arch over
Definition
long flexor tendons
Term
how are blind osteofibrous tunnels formed
Definition
fibrous sheaths with anterior surface of phalanges and interphalangeal joints
Term
what runs through the blind osteofibrous tunnels
Definition
flexor tendons and synovial sheaths
Term
what is in the osteofibrous tunner of the thumb
Definition
tendon of the flexor pollics longus
Term
what is in the osteofibrous tunnels of the 4 fingers
Definition
tendons of the flexor digitorum superificials and profundus
Term
what are the short muscles of the thumb
Definition
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis
Term
what form the thenar eminence
Definition
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
Term
where is the abductor pollicis brevis located in relation to the thenar eminence
Definition
superificial and lateral to it
Term
what is the origin of the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
Term
what is the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
what is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
recurrent branch of the median nerve
Term
what is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
abduction of the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Term
where is the flexor pollicis brevis located in relation fo the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
medial to it
Term
what is the origin of the flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
flexor reginaculum and trapezium
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
lateral base of proximal phalanx of thumb forming a common tendon with abductor pollicus brevis
Term
what is in the common tendon of the abductor pollicus brevis and flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
sesamoid bone
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
recurrent branch of median nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
flexion of the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophyalangeal joints
Term
where is the opponens pollicis located in relation to the abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
deep to it
Term
what is the origin of the opponens pollicis
Definition
flexor retinaculum and trapezium
Term
what is the insertion of the opponens pollicis
Definition
lateral border of shaft of 1st metacarpal
Term
what is the innervation of the opponens pollicis
Definition
recurrent branch of median nerve
Term
what is the action of the opponens pollicis
Definition
opposition of the thumb
Term
what is the origin of the the oblique head of the adductor pollicis
Definition
base of metacarpal 2-3 and adjacent carpal bones
Term
what is the origin of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis
Definition
shaft of 3rd metacarpal
Term
what is the insertion of the adductor pollicis
Definition
medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
what is in the tendon of the adductor pollicis
Definition
small sesmoid bone
Term
what is the innervation of the adductor pollicis
Definition
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the adductor pollicis
Definition
adduction of the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Term
what are the short muscles of the little finger
Definition
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, oppnenes digiti minimi
Term
what forms the hyposthenia eminence
Definition
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, oppnenes digiti minimi
Term
what are the short muscles of the little finger innervated by
Definition
deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
where is the abductor digiti minimi located within the hyposthenia eminence
Definition
superificial and medial
Term
what is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi
Definition
pisiform bone
Term
what is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi
Definition
medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
Term
what is the action of the abductor digiti minimi
Definition
abduction of the little finger at the matacaopophalangeal joint
Term
what is the location of the flexor digit minimi brevis in reference to the abductor digiti minimi
Definition
lateral to it
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digit minimi brevis
Definition
flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
Term
what is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis
Definition
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Term
what is the action og the flexor digit minimi brevis
Definition
flexion of the little finger at the matacaopophalangeal joint
Term
where is the opponens digiti minimi located in the hyposthenia eminence
Definition
deep
Term
what is the origin of the opponens digiti minimi
Definition
flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
Term
what is the insertion of the opponens digiti minimi
Definition
medial border of the shaft of metacarpal 5
Term
what is the action of the opponens digiti minimi
Definition
flexion and lateral rotation of the 5th metacarpal at caropmetacarpal joint, helps bring little finger into opposition with the thumb
Term
what are the small muscles of the hand
Definition
4 lumbricalis, 3 palmer interossei, 4 dorsal interossei
Term
what do the lumbrical muscles act on
Definition
2-5 fingers
Term
what is the origin of the lumbrical muscles
Definition
tedons of the flexor digitorum profundus
Term
what is the insertion of the lumbrical muscles
Definition
lateral extensor expansion of the corresponding finger
Term
what is the innervation of the lumbrical muscles
Definition
1-2: median nerve
3-4 deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the lumbrical muscles
Definition
flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints, extension of the interphalangeal joints
Term
what do the palmar interossei muscles act on
Definition
adduction of the index, ring, and little fingers
Term
what is the origin of the palmar interossei
Definition
metacarpal of corresponding finger
Term
what is the insertion of the first palmar interossei
Definition
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of index finger and extensor expansion
Term
what is the insertion of the 2nd and 3rd palmar interossei
Definition
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of ring and little finger and extensor expansions
Term
what is the innervation of the palmar interossei
Definition
deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the palmar interossei
Definition
adduction of the metacarpophalangeal joints, flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints, extension at interphalangeal joints
Term
what do the dorsal interossei do in general
Definition
abduction of the dingers
Term
what does the dorsal interossei act on
Definition
index, middle (2 muscles), and ring fingers
Term
what is the origin of the dorsal interossei
Definition
two heads form adjacent sides of two consecutive metacarpal bones
Term
what is the insertion of the first dorsal interossei
Definition
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of index finger, extensor expansion of finger
Term
what is the insertion of the 2nd and 3rd dorsal interossei
Definition
both sides of base of proximal phalanx of middle finger, extensor expansion of finger
Term
what is the insertion of the 4th dorsal interossei
Definition
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of ring finger, extensor expansion of finger
Term
what is the innervation of the dorsal interossei
Definition
deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
what is the action of the dorsal interossei
Definition
abduction at metacarpophalangeal joints, flexion at metacapophalangeal joints, extension at interphalangeal joints
Term
where does the ulnar artery enter the hand
Definition
superificial to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what are the branches of the ulnar artery in the hand
Definition
deep palmar branch, superificial palmar arch
Term
describe the path of the superificial palmar arch
Definition
cruves laterally and deep to palmar aponeurosis and superificial to long flexor tendons
Term
what is the superificial palmar arch joined by
Definition
superificial palmar branch of radial artery
Term
where branches does the superificial palmar arch have
Definition
palmar digital arteries
Term
what do the palmar digital arteries supply
Definition
medial side of index finger and both sides of middle, ring, and little fingers
Term
where does the radial artery leave the dorsum of the hand
Definition
between two heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous, between two heads of adductor pollicis then to deep palmar arch
Term
as the radial artery enters the palmar arch, what does it give off
Definition
digital branches for the thumb and lateral index finger
Term
describe the path of the deep palmar arch
Definition
curves medial and deep to the long flexor tendons
Term
what is the deep palmar arch joined by
Definition
deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery
Term
what branches does the deep palmar arch gibe off
Definition
palmar matacrapal arteries
Term
what do the palmar metacarpal arteries join
Definition
palmar digital branches of the superificial palmar arch
Term
where does the median nerve enter the palm
Definition
carpal tunner
Term
what does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate
Definition
3 muscles of the thenar eminence, 1-2 lumbrical muscles
Term
what do the cutanous branches of the median nerve form
Definition
palmar digital branches
Term
what do the palmar digital branches of the median nerve innervate
Definition
palmar aspect of the lateral 3.5 fingers and distal part of dorsal aspect of same fingers
Term
where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand
Definition
anterior to the flexor retinaculum
Term
what does the ulnar nerve do right when it enters the hand
Definition
divides into superificial and deep branches
Term
what does the superificial branch of the ulnar nerve innervate
Definition
palmaris brevis
Term
what does the cuteneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervate
Definition
palmar aspect of medial 1.5 fingers and distal part of the dorsal aspect of the same fingers
Term
what are the cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve called
Definition
palmar digital branches
Term
what does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve pass between
Definition
abductor digit minimi and flexor digit minimi
Term
what does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve pierce
Definition
opponents digiti minimi
Term
what happens after the deep branch of the ulnar nerve pierces opponents digiti minimi
Definition
it curves around hook of hamate and passes lateral within concavity of deep palmar arch
Term
what does the deep palmar nerve innervate
Definition
3 hyposthenia muscles, all interossei palmar and dorsal, 3-4 lumbrical muscles, adductor pollicis
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral 2/3 of the dorsum of the hand
Definition
superificial branch of radial nerve
Term
what supplies cutanrous innervation to the dorsal aspect of the lateral 3.5 fingers
Definition
dorsal digital branch of superificial branch of radial nerve
Term
what supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial 1/3 of the dorsum of the hand
Definition
dorsal cutaneous branch of unlar nerve
Term
what supplies cutanrous innervation to the dorsal part of the medial 1.5 fingers
Definition
dorsal digital branch of the dorsal cutanrous branch of the ulnar nerve
Term
where do the dorsal digital branches of nerves end
Definition
not far beyond the proximal phalanges
Term
what is the remainder of the dorsal aspect of each finger innervated by
Definition
palmar digital branches
Term
what is the dorsal venous arch within
Definition
subcutanous tissue of the dorsum of the hand
Term
where is the dorsal venous arch located
Definition
proximal to the metacapophalangeal joints
Term
where does the dorsal venous arch drain
Definition
on lateral side into cephalic vein and medial side into basilic vein
Term
where do seasmoid bones form
Definition
in tendons in areas of stress
Term
what are examples of locations of seizmoid bones
Definition
patella, on thumb
Term
where is the hypothenar eminence located
Definition
palm on pinkey side
Term
where is the thenar eminence located
Definition
palm under thumb
Term
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
synovial
Term
what bones does the sternoclavicular joint involve
Definition
clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage 1
Term
what directions of movement is the sternoclavicular joint capiable of
Definition
forward, backward, depression, elevation
Term
what facilitates forward movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
what facilitates backward movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
trapezius, rhomboids
Term
what facilitates depressed movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
pectoralis minor, subclavius
Term
what facilitates elevated movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
trapezius, sternoclidomastoid, levator scapulae, rhomboids
Term
does the sternoclavicular joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
what gives the sternoclavicular joint the possability of more elaborate motions, what is it made of
Definition
articular disc made of fibrocartilage
Term
what are the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint
Definition
sternoclavicular, costoclavicular
Term
what is the function of the sternclavicular ligament
Definition
reinforce the anterior and posterior movements of the sternoclavicular joint
Term
what is the function of the costoclavicular ligament
Definition
accessory ligament
Term
what does the costoclavicular ligament connect to
Definition
junction of rib 1 and costal cartilage to the sternal end of the clavicle
Term
what type of joint is the actomioclavicular
Definition
plain
Term
what bones does the acromioclavicular involve
Definition
scapula acromion process and clavicle
Term
when does the acromioclavicular joint move
Definition
slides when scapula rotates or clavicle is elevated or depressed
Term
does the acromioclavicular joint involve have a capsule
Definition
no
Term
does the acromioclavicular joint involve have an articular disc
Definition
yes
Term
what are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint
Definition
superior and inferior acromiococlavicular, coracoclavicular
Term
what is the function of the superior and inferior acromicoclavicular joints
Definition
reinforce the acromioclavicular joint
Term
what is the function of the coracoclavicular ligament
Definition
accessory joint of the acromioclavicular joint, suspend the weight of the scapula and upper limb to clavicle
Term
what is the coracoclavicular joint attached to
Definition
coracoid process to clavicle
Term
what happens if the acromioclavicular joint is dislocated
Definition
it can rupture ligaments and seperate the shoulder
Term
what type of joint is the should joint
Definition
ball and socket
Term
what is another name for the shoulder joint
Definition
glenohumeral
Term
what structures does the shoulder joint involve
Definition
glenoid fossa and humerus head
Term
what movements can the shoulder joint do
Definition
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation
Term
does the shoulder joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
does the shoulder joint have an articular disc
Definition
no
Term
describe the capsule of the shoulder joint
Definition
loose thin
Term
what does the capsule of the shoulder joint allow for
Definition
extensive movements
Term
where are the holds in the shoulder joint capsule
Definition
between tuberacle of humerus and anterior
Term
what is the anterior hole in the capsule of the shoulder joint for
Definition
communication with the sucscapular bursa
Term
what is the hole between the tubercle of the humercus in the shoulder capsule for
Definition
long biceps brachii tendon
Term
what are the ligaments of the shoulder joint
Definition
superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral, transverse humeral, costoclavicular
Term
what forms the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
Definition
thickening of the anterior capsule
Term
where is the transverse humeral ligament located
Definition
over bicpital tendon which is in the intertubercular sulcus, connects from greater to lesser tubercle
Term
what is the function of the transverse humeral ligament
Definition
accessory for the shoulder joint
Term
what is the strongest ligament of the shoulder
Definition
costoclavicular
Term
what is the costoclavicular ligament connected to
Definition
greater tuberosity of humerus to corcaoid
Term
what is the function of the costoclavicular ligament
Definition
strengthen the superior joint capsule
Term
so the shoulder joint has all these ligaments, it should be supported by them right?
Definition
no, the ligaments only provide minor support, the rotator cuff does most of the supporting and its kind of bad at it and is the most commonly dislocated joint
Term
what is damaged if the shoulder joint is dislocated inferiorly
Definition
axillary nerve
Term
what is weakened when the shoulder joint is dislocated inferiorly
Definition
abducion
Term
what type of joint is the elbow joint
Definition
hinge
Term
what is another name for the elbow joint
Definition
hmeroulnar
Term
what structures are involved in the elbow joint
Definition
trochlea, capitulum, trochlear notch of the ulna, head of radius
Term
what type of movement can the elbow joint do
Definition
flexion and extension
Term
does te elbow joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
does the elbow joint have an articular disc
Definition
no
Term
describe the capsule of the elbow joint
Definition
thin and weak in the anterior and posterior directions
Term
why is the elbow joint capsule stronger in the lateral medial direction
Definition
it has more ligament support
Term
where is the capsule of the elbow joint attached to superiorly
Definition
coronoid and radial fossa, medial and lateral epicondyles
Term
where is the elbow joint capsule attached to inferiorly
Definition
coronoid of the ulna, annular ligament of the radius
Term
what are the ligaments of the elbow joint
Definition
radial (lateral) collateral, ulnar (medial) collateral
Term
what is the shape of the radial collateral ligament
Definition
triangle
Term
what is the radial collateral ligament attached to
Definition
lateral epicondyle and annular ligament
Term
what is the shape of the ulnar collateral ligament
Definition
triangle, 3 bands
Term
what is the ulnar collateral ligament attached to
Definition
medial epicondyle to ulna
Term
what population is dislocation of the elbow joint most common
Definition
kids that fall
Term
why is elbow dislocation more common in kids
Definition
because their coronoid and olecranon is not ossified yet
Term
describe how the elbow joint is normally dislocated
Definition
humerus is drawn through a weak point in the capsule
Term
where is the proximal radioulnar joint located
Definition
between head of radius and annular ligament to the radial notch of the ulna
Term
does the proximal radioulnar joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
does the proximal radioulnar joint have an articular disc
Definition
no
Term
what is the ligament of the proximal radioulnar joint
Definition
annular ligament
Term
describe the location of the annular ligament
Definition
forms a collar around the radius head
Term
what does the annular ligament attach do
Definition
margin of the radial notch on the ulna
Term
how is the proximal radioulnar joint usually damaged
Definition
a sudden pull to the arm
Term
what happens then the proximal radiounlar ligament is dislocated
Definition
radius is pulled out of annular ligament collar
Term
who is more likley to get a dislocated proximal annular ligament
Definition
kids
Term
what type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint
Definition
syndesmosis
Term
what does the middle radioulnar joint connect
Definition
radius to ulna
Term
what type of fibers does the middle radioulnar joint have, how are they oriented, why
Definition
fibrous connective tissue at an angle to transmit force from the hand to the ulna
Term
what kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint
Definition
pivor
Term
what does the distal radioulnar joint connect
Definition
head of ulnar and ulnar notch on distal radius
Term
does the distal radioulnat joint have a capsule
Definition
no
Term
does the distal radioulnar joint have an articular disc
Definition
yes
Term
where is the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint connected
Definition
lower ulnar notch of the radius to the base of the styloid process of the ulna
Term
what is the function of the distal radioulnar joint
Definition
seperates radioulnar joint from the wrist and links radius and ulna
Term
what is another name for the wrist joint
Definition
radiocarpal
Term
what type of joint is the wrist joint
Definition
elliposidal
Term
what structures does the wrist joint involve
Definition
radius above scaphoid and lunate below
Term
what movements can the wrist joint do
Definition
abduction, adduction, flexion, extension
Term
does the wrist joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
does the wrist joint have an articular disc
Definition
no
Term
what are the ligaments of the wrist joint
Definition
dorsal and palmar radiocarpal, radio and ulnar collateral
Term
what is the function of the dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments
Definition
strenghten the anterior and posterior capsule
Term
what is the function of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Definition
kind of limit abduction and adduction
Term
what are the radial and ulnar ligaments connected to
Definition
styoid process of radius and ulna to the carpals
Term
what type of wrist joint fracture is most common
Definition
distal radial
Term
what is it called when the wrist joint is posteriorly displaced
Definition
colle's fracture
Term
what is it called when the wrist joint is anteriorly displaced
Definition
smith;s fracture
Term
in what demographic is a wrist joint fracture most common
Definition
over 50 yrs old
Term
where are intercarpal joints
Definition
between carpals
Term
what type of motion do intercarpal joints do
Definition
sliding
Term
where are the carpometacarpal joints
Definition
between carpals and metacarpals
Term
how much movement can the carpometacarpal joints 2-5 do
Definition
not much
Term
what type of joint is carpometacarpal joint 1
Definition
saddle
Term
what bone does carpometacarpal joint 1 articulate with
Definition
trapezium
Term
what motion can the carpometacarpal joint 1 do
Definition
flexion and extension, abduction and adduction
Term
what type of joint is the metacarpalphalangeal joint
Definition
condyloid
Term
what structures does the metacarpalphalangeal joint involve
Definition
head of metacarpal to proximal phalanges
Term
does the metacarpalphalangeal joint have a capsule
Definition
yes
Term
does the metacarpalphalangeal joint have an articular disc
Definition
no
Term
what are the ligaments of the metacarpalphalangeal joint
Definition
palmar, deep transverse metacarpal, collateral
Term
what does the palmar ligament attach to
Definition
phalanx to metacarpal
Term
when does the palmar ligament tense
Definition
when extended
Term
what does the deep transverse metacarpal ligament attach do
Definition
holds heads to metacarpals together
Term
what does the collateral ligament attach do
Definition
on sides of joint
Term
when does the collateral ligament tense
Definition
when flexed
Term
what type of joint is the inerphalangeal joint
Definition
hinge
Term
what movement can the interphalangeal joint do
Definition
flexion and extension
Term
what is the interphalangeal joint similar to in structure
Definition
metacarpalphalangeal joint
Term
what does the pattern of nerve damage for an injury depend on, why
Definition
injury, nerve, location because most muscles are innervated by many spinal nerves
Term
what are acute nerve injuries caused by
Definition
traction, pressure, division (cut)
Term
what is traction
Definition
a pull that breaks a rips a nerve from the root
Term
what causes chronic nerve injuries
Definition
tumor, hematoma of tissue around it
Term
what part of the brachial plexus is located in the posterior triangle
Definition
roots, trunks, divisions
Term
what part of the brachial plexus is located in the axilla
Definition
cords, branches
Term
what is the disease name for an upper root lesion
Definition
erb duchenne palsy
Term
what motion causes erb duchenne palsy
Definition
stretch neck and shoulder apart, fell from motorcycle, horse, birth injury
Term
what roots are effected in erb duchenne palsy, how
Definition
traction of C5 and C6
Term
what nerves are impaired in erb duchenne palsy
Definition
suprascapular, musculocutanous, axillary
Term
what muscles are impaired in erb duchenne palsy
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, deltoid teres minor
Term
what are the symptoms of erb duchenne palsy
Definition
arm hangs limp, medially rotated, pronation, loss of sensation on lateral arm
Term
what is the difference in erb duchenne palsy if the radial nerve happens to be involved
Definition
wrist flexes creating waitors tip
Term
what is the disease that has a lower root lesion
Definition
klupumke palsy
Term
what motion causes klupumke palsy
Definition
excessive abduction, grabing onto something up high when falling
Term
what nerves are affected in klupumke palsy
Definition
tear in T1 (maybe C8) roots affecting ulnar and median N
Term
what are the symptoms of klupumke palsy
Definition
small muscles of hands lost, hyperextension of metacarpalphalangeals, flexion of interphalangeals (claw hand), loss of sensation in median arm
Term
what is the cause of claw hand
Definition
lumbricals and interossei are not opposed by the flexor compartment anymore
Term
what symptoms does damage to the long thoracic nerve cause
Definition
cant raise arm above head, winged scapula
Term
what muscle does damage to the long thoracic nerve affect
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
what can damage the serratus anterior
Definition
removing pecs, surgical injury, pressure in neck, stab in chest
Term
what nerve roots is the axillary nerve associated with
Definition
C5-6
Term
how can the axillary nerve be damaged
Definition
pporly adjusted crutch, dislocation of shoulder, fracture of humerus surgical neck, humerus dislocation
Term
what muscles does damage to the axillary nerve affect
Definition
deltoid, teres minor
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the axillary nerve
Definition
loss of sensation in lower deltoid, deltoid atrophy, abduction impaired
Term
in general, where are the branches of the radial nerve in relation to the structures they innervate
Definition
proximal
Term
what causes damage to the axillary part of the radial nerve
Definition
pressure from a crutch, falling asleep with arm over chair, fracture or dislocation of humerus
Term
what muscles are effected by a radial nerve axillary injury
Definition
triceps, aconeus, extensors of the wrist
Term
what are the symptoms of a radial nerve injury in the axillary region
Definition
cant extend elbow at wrist, wrist drop, sensory loss from posterior cutanous nerve of arm and forearm and lateral dorsum of the hand and 3 fingers
Term
what is wrist drop
Definition
cannot grasp firmly because on is in complete flexion
Term
what causes a radial nerve injury by the spiral groove
Definition
fracture of the humerus shaft
Term
what are the symptoms of a radial nerve injury at the spiral groove
Definition
wrist drop, dorsum of hand and 3 fingers sensory loss
Term
what are the causes of damage to the radial nerve deep branch
Definition
fracture of the proximal radius, dislocation of the radial head
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the radial nerve deep branch
Definition
motor function lost to extensor muscles, no sensory loss of wrist drop
Term
why doesnt damage to the radial nerve deep branch cause wrist drop
Definition
because the extensor carpi radialis still has function
Term
what causes damage to the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
stab, incision, laceration
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
loss of sensory to the hand dorsum and 3 fingers
Term
when would the musculocutanous nerve be injured
Definition
it really wouldnt, it is hard to injur alone
Term
what muscles does the medial nerve supply
Definition
front of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial flexor digitorum profundus, palmer cutanous, thrnar eminence, lumbricals 1-2
Term
what causes an injury to the median nerve at the elbow
Definition
supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Term
what muscles are affected in a median nerve injury at the elbow
Definition
biceps pull it forward, loose pronators and flexors of fiingers
Term
what are the symptoms of a median nerve injury at the elbow
Definition
supination, adducted because of flexor carpi ulnaris, lateral rotation and adduction of the thumb (ape hand), atrophy, eminence flatens, loss of sensation to palmm and palmer aspect of the lateral 3 fingers
Term
what causes injury to the median N at the wrist
Definition
stab or larceration
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the median nerve at the wrist
Definition
loss of thenar eminence muscles (ape hand), lumbricals 1-2. sensory loss
Term
what causes carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
compression on the median nerve
Term
what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
burning, pins and needles, thenar weakness, no cutanous loss
Term
what is a test for carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
decompression gives lots of improvement
Term
where does injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
below the medial condyle (the funny bone)
Term
what causes injury of the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
fracture of medial condyle
Term
what does the ulnar nerve innervate
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris, medial flexor digiforum profundus
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
cant flex terminal phalanges, wrist flexion weak, abduction, cannot abduct or adduct fingers, half claw hand on fingers 4-5
Term
what loose innervation if the ulnar nerve is injured at the elbow
Definition
except thenar and lumbricals 1+2 the hand is lost, loss of sensation in last fingers
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the ulnar artery at the wrist
Definition
small hand muscles paralyzed, claw hand, sensory loss
Term
what sensory nerves are not affected when the ulnar nerve is injured at the wrist
Definition
post cutanous nerve and palmer cutanous
Term
why is the claw hand when ulnar nerve is damaged at the wrist
Definition
because flexor digitorum profundus is not paralyzed
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the upper medial quadrent of the gluteal region
Definition
dorsal rami L1-3 and S1-3
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the upper lateral quadrent of the gluteal region
Definition
branches of subcostal and iliohypogastric nerves (VR T12 and L1)
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the lower lateral quadrent of the gluteal region
Definition
branches of lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (lumbar plexus VR L2-3)
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the lower medial quadrent of the gluteal region
Definition
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (sacral plexus VR S1-3)
Term
what are the ligaments of the gluteal region
Definition
sacrotuberous, sacrospinous
Term
what are the shapes of the ligaments of the gluteal region
Definition
triangular
Term
what does the sacrotuberous ligament attach to and from
Definition
PSIS, sacrum, coccyx to medial margin ischial tuberosity
Term
what does the scarospinous ligament run to an dfrom
Definition
llateral sacrum, coccyx to ischial spine
Term
where is the scarospinous ligament located in relation to the sacrotuberous
Definition
the sacrospinous is anterior
Term
what do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous form
Definition
greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina
Term
what does the greater sciatic formaina communicate between
Definition
main pelvic cavity and gluteal region
Term
what does the lesser sciatic foramen communicate between
Definition
gluteal region and perineum
Term
what are the muscles of the gluteal region
Definition
gluteus maximus, medius, minimus. priformis. obutrator internus. superior and inferior gemellus. quadratus femoris
Term
what is the origin of the gluteus maximus
Definition
outer gluteal surface of the ilium behind gluteal line, posterior sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Term
what is the insertion of the gluteus maximus
Definition
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femus
Term
what is the iliotibial tract made of, where
Definition
fascia lata along lateral aspect of thigh
Term
what is fascia lata
Definition
thicking of deep fascia
Term
what does the iliotibial tract extend to and from
Definition
tubercle of the iliac crest to lateral condyle of tibia
Term
what innervates the gluteus maximus
Definition
inferior gluteal nerve
Term
what is the inferior gluteal nerve a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus
Term
what is the action of the gluteus maximus
Definition
extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip, extension of trunk when thigh is fixed, maintaining knee joint extension via iliotibial tract
Term
what shape is the gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
fan shaped
Term
where is the gluteus medius in relation to other muscles
Definition
beneath maximus and above minimus
Term
what is the origin of the gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
outer gluteal surface of the ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Term
what is the insertion of the gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
lateral greater trochanter
Term
what innervates the gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
superior gluteal nerve
Term
what is the superior gluteal nerve a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus
Term
what is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip, steadies pelvis in walking
Term
whow does the gluteus medius and minimus steady the pelvis in walking
Definition
when foot is taken off ground and goes forward, the muscles steady pelvis on supporting limb
Term
what happens if the gluteus medius and minimus are paralized
Definition
when standing on the leg with the paralysis and with the other leg out pelvis will sink away from the standing leg
Term
what is the sinking of the pelvis indicating gluteus minimus or medius paralysis called
Definition
trendelenburg's sign
Term
what is the origin of the piriformis
Definition
anterior S2-4
Term
before the piriformis muscle inserts, describe its path
Definition
exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
Term
what is the insertion of the piriformis
Definition
upper greater trochanter
Term
what innervates the piriformis
Definition
VR S1-2
Term
where is the sacral plexus relative to the piriformis
Definition
the sacral plexus is anterior
Term
what is the action of the piriformis
Definition
lateral rotation of thigh at hip
Term
what is the origin of the obturator internus
Definition
internal pelvic surface of the obturator membrane and parts of the bonr around it
Term
before its insertion, describe the path of the obturator internus
Definition
tapers into a tendon, enters gluteal region via lesser sciatic formaen, joined by superior and inferior gemelli
Term
what is the insertion of the obturator internus
Definition
nerve to obturator internus
Term
what is the nerve to the obturator internus a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus
Term
what is the action of the obturator internus
Definition
lateral rotation of the thigh at hip
Term
what is the origin of the superior gemellus
Definition
ischial spine
Term
what is the insertion of the superior gemellus
Definition
with tendon of the obturator internus and inferior gemellus into medial aspect of the greater trochanter
Term
what is the innervation of the superior gemellus
Definition
nerve to the obuturator internus
Term
what is the action of the superior gemellus
Definition
lateral rotation of thigh at hip
Term
what is the origin of the inferior gemellus
Definition
upper ischial tuberosity
Term
what is the insertion of the inferior gemellus
Definition
with tendon of the obturator internus and superior gemellus into medial aspect of the greater trochanter
Term
what is the innervation of the inferior gemellus
Definition
nerve to quadratus femoris
Term
what is the nerve to the quadratus femoris a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus
Term
what is the action of the inferior gemellus
Definition
lateral rotation of thigh at hip
Term
what is the origin of the quadratus femoris
Definition
lateral ischial tuberosity
Term
what is the insertion of the quadratus femoris
Definition
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest and inferior to it
Term
what innervates quadratus femoris
Definition
nerve to quadratus femoris
Term
what is the nerve to the quadratus femoris a branch od
Definition
sacral plexus
Term
what is the action of the quadratus femoris
Definition
lateral rotation of thigh at hip
Term
what is the largest nerve in the body
Definition
sciatic nerve
Term
what is the sciatic nerve a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus (VR L4-5, S1-3)
Term
describe the path of the sciatic nerve
Definition
emerges from pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis, on obturator internus super and infer gelemmi, and quadratus femoris covered by gluteus maximus, passes deep to head o biceps femoris to leave gluteal region and enters posterior compartment of the thigh
Term
what are the divisions of the sciatic nerve
Definition
tibial, common fibular
Term
what are the divisions of the sciatic nerve bound by
Definition
connective tissue
Term
what branches does the sciatic nerve give in the gluteal region
Definition
none
Term
what is the tibial divisions of the sciatic nerve composed of
Definition
anterior division of L4-S3 VR
Term
what is the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve composed of
Definition
posterior division L4-S2 VR
Term
what is the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus (anterior division S2-3 VR, posterior divisions S1-2 VR)
Term
how does the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh leave the pelvis
Definition
leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis
Term
after the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh leaves the pelvis decribe its path
Definition
descends under gluteus maximus posterior of medial to the sciatic nerve, continues of back of thigh superificial to hamsting muscles and deep fasca lata
Term
what does the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh run with under the gluteus maximus
Definition
inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
Term
what are the branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Definition
gluteal, perineal, cutaneous
Term
where are the gluteal branches of the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh
Definition
curve around inferior border of gluteus maximus
Term
what do the gluteal branches of the posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh supply
Definition
skin over inferomedial quadrent of the gluteal region
Term
what does the perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply
Definition
skin of superomedial thigh and posterior scrotum or labium majus
Term
what does the cutaneous branch of the posterior cutanrous nerve of thigh supply
Definition
skin on back of thigh and upper leg
Term
what is the superior gluteal nerve a branch of
Definition
sacral pleus (posterior division L4-5, S1 VR)
Term
describe the path of the superior gluteal nerve
Definition
leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis super superior gluteal vessels, funs forward between gluteus medius and minimus
Term
what are the branches of the superior gluteal nerve
Definition
muscular, articular branch to hip
Term
what do the muscular branches of the superior gluteal nerve supply
Definition
gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae
Term
what is the inferior gluteal nerve a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus (posterior division L5, S1-2)
Term
describe the path of the inferior gluteal nerve
Definition
leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis, with inferior gluteal vessels
Term
what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
what is the pudendal nerve a branch od
Definition
sacral plexus (anterior division S2-4 VR)
Term
how does the pudendal nerve leave the pelvis
Definition
through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis with internal pudendal vessels
Term
what does the pudendal nerve do after it leaves the pelvis
Definition
curves around posterior ischial spine, passes through lesser sciatic foramen to enter perineum
Term
what is the nerve to the obturator internus a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus (anterior division L5, S1-2 VR)
Term
how does the nerve to the obutrator internus leave the pelvis
Definition
greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis
Term
what branches does the nerve to the obutrator internus nave
Definition
supergemellus, obturator internus
Term
what does the nerve to the obturator internus do after it leaves the pelvis
Definition
gives branch to superior gemellus then passes through lesser sciatic foramen and gives branch to obturator internus
Term
what is the nerve to the quadratus femoris a branch of
Definition
sacral plexus (anterior division L4-5, S1)
Term
how does the nerve to the quadratus femoris leave the pelvis
Definition
greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis
Term
what does the nerve to the quadratus femoris do after it leaves the pelvis
Definition
descends deep to the obturator internus and gemelli
Term
what does the nerve to the quadratus femoris supply
Definition
quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus, hip joint
Term
what are the arteries of the gluteal region
Definition
superior and inferior gluteal, internal pudendal,
Term
what are the superior and inferior gluteal arteries branches of
Definition
internal iliac artery in the pelvis
Term
what is the internal pudendal artery a branch of
Definition
internal iliac within pelvis
Term
what does the internal pudendal artery accompany
Definition
pudendal nerve in the gluteal region and peninrum
Term
what branches does the internal pudendal artery have in the gluteal region
Definition
none
Term
what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen
Definition
piriformis, sciatic nerve, posterior cutanous nerve of the thigh, super and inferior gluteal nerves, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve, superior and inferior gluteal vessels, internal pudendal vessels
Term
what structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen
Definition
obturator internus muscle, nerve to obturator internus, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels
Term
what is the superior boundry of the femoral triangle
Definition
inguinal ligament
Term
what is the medial boundry of the femoral triangle a
Definition
adductor longus
Term
what is the lateral boundry of the femoral triangle
Definition
satorius
Term
what forms the floor of the femoral triangle
Definition
iliopsoas and pectineus
Term
what forms the roof of the femoral triangle
Definition
skin and fascia
Term
what are the contents of the femoral triangle
Definition
femoral n. a. v. and their branches, deep inguinal nodes
Term
where is the brgining of the adductor canal
Definition
at the apex of the femoral triangle
Term
what is the lateral border of the adductor canal
Definition
vastus medialis
Term
what is the medial border of the adductor canal
Definition
subsatorial fascia and satorius
Term
what is the posterior border of the adductor canal
Definition
adductor longus and magnus
Term
where does the adductor canal end
Definition
adductor hiatus
Term
in general, where is the adductor canal located
Definition
medial thigh
Term
what are the contents of the adductor canal
Definition
femoral a. v., saphenous n.. n to the vastus medialis, terminal posterior division of the obturator nerve
Term
what is the nerve to the vastus medialis a branch of
Definition
femoral nerve
Term
what is the superior boundry of the femoral triangle
Definition
inguinal ligament
Term
what is the medial boundry of the femoral triangle a
Definition
adductor longus
Term
what is the lateral boundry of the femoral triangle
Definition
satorius
Term
what forms the floor of the femoral triangle
Definition
iliopsoas and pectineus
Term
what forms the roof of the femoral triangle
Definition
skin and fascia
Term
what are the contents of the femoral triangle
Definition
femoral n. a. v. and their branches, deep inguinal nodes
Term
where is the brgining of the adductor canal
Definition
at the apex of the femoral triangle
Term
what is the lateral border of the adductor canal
Definition
vastus medialis
Term
what is the medial border of the adductor canal
Definition
subsatorial fascia and satorius
Term
what is the posterior border of the adductor canal
Definition
adductor longus and magnus
Term
where does the adductor canal end
Definition
adductor hiatus
Term
in general, where is the adductor canal located
Definition
medial thigh
Term
what are the contents of the adductor canal
Definition
femoral a. v., saphenous n.. n to the vastus medialis, terminal posterior division of the obturator nerve
Term
what is the nerve to the vastus medialis a branch of
Definition
femoral nerve
Term
what is the main artery for the lower limb
Definition
femoral a
Term
where does the femoral a begin
Definition
inguinal ligament
Term
what is the femoral artery a continuation of
Definition
external iliac a
Term
where does the femoral a end
Definition
adductor hiatus, then enters the popliteal fossa
Term
what does the femoral a turn into
Definition
popliteal a
Term
what is the relation of the femoral a to other vessels in the femoral triangle
Definition
medial to femoral n, lateral to the v
Term
in the lower leg, where is the femora a in relation to the v
Definition
anterior to the v
Term
what are the branches of the femoral a
Definition
superificial circumflex iliac, superificial epigastric, superificial and deep external pudendal, muscular, profunda femoris, descending genicular
Term
what do the superificial circumflex iliac and superificial epigastric iliac a supply
Definition
inferior anterior abdominal wall
Term
what do the superificial and deep external pudendal a supply
Definition
external genitalia
Term
what do the muscular branches of the femoral a supply
Definition
anterior and medial compartment
Term
what is the largest branch of the femoral a
Definition
profunda femoris
Term
where is the origin of the profunda femoris
Definition
from femoral a in femoral triangle
Term
describe the path of the profunda a
Definition
posterior to adductor longus, anterior to adductor brevis and megnus, terminates as 4th perforating a, pierces adductor magnus
Term
what does the descending genicular a do
Definition
anastomsis at knee
Term
what are the branches of the femoral a
Definition
medial and lateral circumflex humeral, perforating arteries, muscular
Term
where do the medial and lateral circumflex humeral arteries originate
Definition
from the profunda femoris near its origin
Term
describe the path of the medial circumflex humeral
Definition
posterior between iliopsoas and pectineus
Term
what branches from the medial circumflex humeral
Definition
medial compartment muscles, femoru and hip joint
Term
describe the path of the lateral circumflex humeral a
Definition
lateral t iliopsoas between branches of femoral n, posterior to satoius and rectus femoris
Term
what are the branches of the lateral circumflex humeral a
Definition
muscles of anterior compartment. femur, hip, and knee joints
Term
how many perforating arteries of the femoral a are there
Definition
4
Term
what do the perforating arteries of the femoral a pierce
Definition
adductor magnus close to its femoral insertion and anter the posterior compartment
Term
what is the chief blood supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh
Definition
perforating arteries
Term
where does the femoral v begin
Definition
adductor hiatus, continuation of popliteal v
Term
describe the location of the femoral v to the a
Definition
first passes posterior then medial to the a
Term
what are the trubutaries of the femoral v
Definition
great saphenous vein, most of the branches corresponding to the femoral a
Term
what femoral a branches go into the great saphenous v instead of the femoral v
Definition
superificial circumflex iliac, superificial epigastic, external pudendal
Term
what is the origin of the obturator a
Definition
pelvis from the internal iliac a
Term
describe the path of the obturator a
Definition
anterior on lateral pelvic wall with obturator nerve and vein, through obturator canal, divide into anterior and posterior
Term
what are the branches of the obturator a
Definition
to medial compartment and hip joint
Term
what are the branches of the obutrator v
Definition
same as a
Term
where does the obturator v drain
Definition
internal iliac v
Term
where are the deep inguinal nodes in relation to vessels
Definition
medial to vein
Term
what do the deep inguinal nodes receive
Definition
superificial inguinal node vessls that went through saphenous opening, deep structures of lower limb via vessels around femoral vessels
Term
where do the efferent vessels from the deep inguinal nodes go
Definition
abdomen then external iliac nodes
Term
what is the femoral sheath
Definition
protrusion of the abdominal fascia into the thigh
Term
what does the femoral seath surround
Definition
vessels and lymph NOT NERVE
Term
where does the femoral sheath end
Definition
about 1 in below inguinal ligament
Term
how is the femoral sheath divided
Definition
lateral, intermediate, and medial compartments
Term
what is in the lateral compaprtment of the femoral sheath
Definition
femoral a
Term
what is in the intermediate compaprtment of the femoral sheath
Definition
femoral a
Term
what is in the medial compaprtment of the femoral sheath
Definition
efferent lymph vessels from neep nodes
Term
what is another name for the medial compartment of the femoral sheath
Definition
femoral canal
Term
where is femoral hernia likley to ocur
Definition
into femoral canal
Term
what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
Definition
hamstring
Term
what are the muscles that make up the hamstring
Definition
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Term
what innervates the posterior compartment muscles
Definition
tibial division of sciatic nerve except short head of biceps femoris which is the common fibular division
Term
what is the origin of the long head of the biceps femoris
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
what is the origin of the short head of the biceps femoris
Definition
linea aspera and lateral supercondylar line of the femur
Term
what is the isnertion of the biceps femoris
Definition
common tendon on head of fibula
Term
what innervates the biceps femoris long head
Definition
tibial division of sciatic nerve
Term
what innervates the biceps femoris short head
Definition
common fibular part of sciatic n
Term
what is the action of the biceps femoris
Definition
flexion and lateral rotation of the knee, extension at the thigh and hip (long head only)
Term
what is the origin of the semitendinosus
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
what is the insertion of the semitendinosus
Definition
pesanserinus
Term
what is the pes anserinus
Definition
shared expansion between satorius, feacilis, and semitendioisus that all insert on upper medial tibial shaft
Term
what is the innervation of the semitendinosus
Definition
tibial division sciatice nerve
Term
what is the action of the semitendinosus
Definition
flexin and medial rotation of the kneed, extension ot hip
Term
what is the origin of the seminembrenosus
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
what is the insertion of the semimbranosus
Definition
posterior medial condyle of the tibia, some fibers go into the oblique popliteal ligament
Term
where is the oblique popliteal ligament, what does it do
Definition
fibers come out of the tendon to reinforce posterior capsule of the knee joint
Term
what is the innervation of the seminembrenosus
Definition
tibal part of sciatic nerve
Term
what is the action of the seminembrenosus
Definition
flexion and medial rotation of the leg at knee, extension at hip
Term
describe the path of the sciatic nerve
Definition
deep to long biceps femoris, at midline of thig it is overlaped by margins of ciceps femoris and semimembranosus, anterior to adductus magnus
Term
how does the sciatic nerve end
Definition
divides into dibial and common fibular (peroneal) branches
Term
what are the branches of the sciatic nerve
Definition
tibial, common fibular, muscular
Term
what are the muscular branches of the tibial nerve
Definition
long biceps femoris head, semitendinosis, semimembranosus, hamstring part of adductor magnus
Term
what are the muscualr branches of the common fibular n
Definition
short head of the biceps femoris
Term
where is the popliteal fossa located
Definition
posterior to knee joint
Term
what is the superiolateral wall of the popliteal fossa
Definition
biceps femoris
Term
what is the superiomedial wall of the popliteal fossa
Definition
semimembranosus and semitendinosus
Term
what is the inferior lateral wall of the popliteal fossa
Definition
plantaris and lateral part of gastrochemius
Term
what is the inferior medial wall of the popliteal fossa
Definition
medial head off the gastrochemius
Term
what is the poterior wall / roof of the popliteal fossa
Definition
skin and fascia
Term
what is the anterior wall / floor of the popliteal fossa
Definition
femur surface, posterior knee joint 9articular capsule), popliteus muscle
Term
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa
Definition
popliteal vessels, termination of small saphenous v, tibial n, common fibular n, terminal posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, genicular branch of obturator n posterior branch, popliteal nodes
Term
where does the popliteal a begin
Definition
at adductor hiatus form the femoral a
Term
where does the popliteal a end
Definition
at the inferior popliteus muscle then divides into anterior and posterior tibial a
Term
where is the popliteal a in the popliteal fossa
Definition
on the floor
Term
where is the tibial nerve in relation to the popliteal a
Definition
the nerve is posterior and lateral
Term
what are the branches of the popliteal a
Definition
muscular, genicular
Term
what are the muscular branches of the popliteal a
Definition
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, distal hamstring
Term
what are the genicular branches
Definition
2 superior (medial and lateral), 2 inferior (medial and lateral), 1 middle
Term
what does the genicular artery supply
Definition
knee joint
Term
what forms the popliteal vein
Definition
anterior and posterior tibial vein
Term
where does the popliteal vein end
Definition
adductor hiatus renamed into femoral v
Term
what are the branches of the popliteal v
Definition
correspond to the popliteal a, gets smaller scaphenous v
Term
what surrounds the popliteal nodes
Definition
CT and fat
Term
what do the popliteal nodes recieve
Definition
superificial vessels from lateral foot and leg by small scaphenous vein, vessels with anterior and posterior tibial vessels (deep foot and leg)
Term
where do the efferent vessesl from the popliteal nodes go
Definition
popliteal and femoral vessels to deep inguinal nodes
Term
describe the path of the tibial nerve
Definition
enters posterior compartment via the popliteal fossa deep to arch of soleus muscle
Term
what are the branches of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa
Definition
muscular, articular to knee, medial sural cutaneous
Term
what are the muscular branches of the tibial nerve
Definition
medial and lateral gastrochemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus
Term
what does the medial sural cutaneous branch do
Definition
joins sural communicating branch from the lateral sural cutaneous nerve making the sural nerve
Term
what is the sural nerve by
Definition
small scaphenous vein
Term
describe the path of the sural nerve
Definition
between 2 heads of the gastrocinemius, posterior to calcaneal tendon, posterior then inferior to lateral malleolus, to the lateral border of the foor and little toe
Term
what does the sural nerve supply
Definition
skin of posterior lateral leg, lateral foot and toe border
Term
describe the path of the common fibular n
Definition
inferior and lateral in popliteal fossa by medial biceps femoris, leaves fossa superior to lateral head of fastrocenemius, lateral to fibular neck, deep to fibularis longus
Term
what are the branches of the common fibular n
Definition
superificial and deep fibular, lateral sural cutanrous
Term
what does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve supply
Definition
skin of upper lateral leg
Term
what are the branches of the lateral sural cutaneous n
Definition
sural communicating branch, articular branch to knee
Term
what does the sural commonicating branch do
Definition
join medial sural cutaneous forming sural nerve
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior superolateral surface of the leg
Definition
lateral sural cutaneous n
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior inferolateral surface of the leg
Definition
superificial fibular nerve
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior medial surface of the leg
Definition
saphenous n
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior superolateral surface of the leg
Definition
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior inferolateral surface of the leg
Definition
sural n
Term
what provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior medial surface of the leg
Definition
saphenous n
Term
what surrounds the leg
Definition
deep (cural) fascia
Term
what is the deep fascia of the leg continous with
Definition
fascia lata
Term
what do the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa pass to and from
Definition
deep fascia to fibula
Term
what does the interosseous membrane of the leg pass to and from
Definition
ribia and fibula
Term
what is the function of the interosseous membrane of the leg
Definition
binds tibia and fibula, provides attachment for neighboring muscles
Term
what are the compartments of the leg
Definition
anterior, lateral, posterior
Term
which compartment of the leg is further divided, how
Definition
superificial and deep transverse intermuscular septum
Term
what forms the flexor retinacula of ankle
Definition
thickening of deep fascia
Term
what is the function of the flexor ratinacula of the ankle
Definition
keep long tendons in position and act as a modified pully
Term
what are the extensor retinacula of the ankle
Definition
superior and inferior
Term
what does the superior extensor retinaculum attach do
Definition
distal anterior tibia and fibula
Term
what is the shape of the inferior extensor retinaculum
Definition
Y
Term
what is the stem of the inferior extensor retinaculum attached to
Definition
lateral to calcaneus
Term
what is the upper part of the inferior extensor retinaculum attached to
Definition
medial malleolus
Term
what is the lower part of the inferior extensor retinaculum attached to
Definition
medial foot and continous with plantar fascia
Term
where is the flexor retinaculum of the leg located
Definition
medial ankle
Term
what does the flexor retinaculum extend to and from
Definition
medial malleolus to medial calcaneus
Term
where are the fibular retinacula
Definition
lateral ankle
Term
what does the superior fibular retinacula extend to and from
Definition
lateral malleolus to lateral calcaneus
Term
what does the inferior fibular retinaculum extend to and from
Definition
fibular trochlea of calcaneus to lateral calcaneus superior and inferior to fibular trochlea
Term
what are the superificial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Definition
gastronecemius, soleus, plantaris
Term
what are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Definition
popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
Term
what seperates the superificial and deep muscules of the posterior compartment of the leg
Definition
transverse intermuscular septum
Term
what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg innervated by
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
Definition
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and distal end of lateral supracondylar line of femur
Term
what is the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius
Definition
popliteal surface of femur above the medial condyle
Term
what is the insertion of the gastrocnemius
Definition
achilles tendon
Term
what is involved in the achilles tendon
Definition
common tendon for soleus and gastrocnemius
Term
what is another name for achilles tendon
Definition
cancaneal tendon
Term
where does the achilles tendon insert
Definition
posterior calcaneus
Term
what innervates the gastrocnemius
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the gastrocnemius
Definition
plantar flexion at ankle, assist in flexion of leg at knee
Term
where is the soleus located in relation to the gastrocnemius
Definition
soleus is deep
Term
what is the origin of the soleus
Definition
soleal line, middle third of tibia, posterior head of fibula, upper third posterior shaft fibula, tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
Term
what is the isnertion of the soleus
Definition
achllies tendon
Term
what is the innervation of the soleus
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the soleus
Definition
plantar flexion at ankle
Term
what is the origin of the plantaris
Definition
lateral supracondylar line of femur
Term
where os the origin of the plantaris in relation to other origins near it
Definition
above origin of lateral head of gastrocnemius
Term
describe the relation of the plantaris to other muscles
Definition
tendon passes inferior and medial between gastrocnemius and soleus, descends on medial border of calcaneal tendon (occasionally with it)
Term
what is the insertion of plantaris
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the plantaris
Definition
plantar flexion, flexion at knee
Term
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus
Definition
posterior shaft tibia, inferior to soleal line
Term
what is the relation of the flexor digitorum longus to the other muscles around it, describe its path to insertion
Definition
posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum, enters sole of foor and divides into 4 tendons, passes under flexor digitorum brevis slips
Term
where does the flexor digitorum longus insert
Definition
base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Term
what innervates the flexor digitorum longus
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus
Definition
flexion of toes, plantar flexion, support longitudinal arch
Term
what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus
Definition
lower 2/3 of posterior surface of shaft fibula
Term
describe the path and relations of the flexor hallucis longus to its insertion
Definition
in groove between medial and lateral tubercles of posterior process talus, posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum, inferior to sustentaculum tali, anterior in sole of foot
Term
where does the flexor hallucis longus insert
Definition
base of fistal phalanx big toe
Term
what innervates flexor hallicus longus
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the flexor hallicus longus
Definition
flexion big toe, plantar flexion, support medial longitudinal arch
Term
what is the most deep muscle of the posterior compartment
Definition
tibialis posterior
Term
where is the origin of the tibialis posterior in relation to other muscles
Definition
between and overlaped by flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
Term
what is the origin of the tibialis posterior
Definition
posterior shaft tibia inferior to soleal line, upper posterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
Term
describe the path or relation of the tibialis posterior to other structures on its way to its insertion
Definition
tendon is anterior (or deep) to flexor digitorum longus, posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum
Term
where does the tibialis posterior insert
Definition
tuberosity of navicular and slips into cuboid, cuneiformis, bases of metacarpals 2 and 4
Term
what innervates the tibialis posterior
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the tibialis posterior
Definition
plantar flexion, inversion of foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, support medial longitudinal arch of foot
Term
what is the action of the slips of the tibialis posterior
Definition
hold bones of foot together
Term
what is the origin of the popliteus
Definition
in capsule of knee from lateral condyle of femur and some lateral meniscus
Term
what is the insertion of the popliteus
Definition
posterior shaft tibia, superior soleal line
Term
what innervates the popliteus
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
what is the action of the popliteus if the foot is off the ground
Definition
medial rotation of tibia
Term
what is the action of the popliteus if the foot is on the ground
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
what is the action of the popliteus regardless of the foot
Definition
flexion at knee
Term
what i the posterior tibial a a branch of
Definition
popliteal a
Term
where does the posterior tibial a begin
Definition
lower border of poplitrus m
Term
what is the path of the posterior tibial a
Definition
inferior in deep posterior compartment, under transverse intermuscular septum,posterior to medial alleolus, under flexor retinaculum,
Term
where is the posterior tibial a most superificial
Definition
after going through flexor retinaculum
Term
how does the posterior tibial a terminate
Definition
dividing into medial and lateral planter arteries
Term
where does the fibular a originate
Definition
from proximal posterior tibial a
Term
describe the path of the fibular a
Definition
posterior to fibula, within flexor hallucis longus or between it and tibialis posterior,
Term
what does the fibular a supply
Definition
posterior and lateral compartment of the leg, distal branches to ankle, heel
Term
what are the distal branches to the ankle and heel off the fibular a
Definition
perforating, communicating, posterior lateral malleolar, and lateral calcaneal branches)
Term
describe the path of the circumflex fibular a
Definition
lateral around neck of fibula, anastomosis around knee
Term
what a supplies muscles of the posterior compartment
Definition
muscular branches of the posterior tibial a
Term
what are the branches of the posterior tibial a
Definition
gibular, circumflex fibular, muscular, posterior medial malleolar, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar
Term
where does the posterior medial malleolar branch of the tibial a end
Definition
anastomosis around ankle
Term
what does the medial calcaneal branches of the posterior tibial a supply
Definition
medial aspect of heel
Term
describe the tibial n path in the leg
Definition
descrnds through popliteal fossa, under tendinous arch of soleus, inferior in deep part of posterior compartment, under stransverse intermuscular septum, posterior to medial melleolus, under flexor retinaculum
Term
what accompanies the tibial n
Definition
posterior tibial a and veins
Term
how does the tibial n terminate
Definition
divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves
Term
what are the branches of the tibial n
Definition
muscular, medial calcaneal, articular to ankle, medial plantar, lateral plantar
Term
what does the medial calcaneal branches of the tibial n supply
Definition
skin of medial and inferior aspects of heel
Term
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Definition
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
Term
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
what is the origin of the tibialis anterior
Definition
lateral condyle of tibia, upper lateral shaft tibia, interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the tibialis anterior
Definition
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Term
where is teh tibialis anterior in teh ankle
Definition
under extensor retinacula
Term
what does the tibialis anterior supply
Definition
deep ibular nerve
Term
what is the action of the tibialis anterior
Definition
dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion of foor at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, assist sin holding up medial longitudinal arch of foot
Term
what is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus
Definition
lateral condyle of tibia, upper 3.4 of the anterior shaft fibula, interosseous membrane
Term
where is the extensor digitorum longus in the ankle
Definition
under extensor retinacula
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus
Definition
divides into 4 slips on dorsal surface form extensor expansions, the then divide into 3 slips each and insert into middle phalanx, two lateral slips join and insert into base of distal phalanx
Term
what innervates the extensor digitorum longus
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor digitorum longus
Definition
extend lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion of foot at ankle
Term
what is the orogin of the extensor hallucis longus
Definition
middle anterior shaft fibula and interosseous membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the extensor hallicus longus
Definition
tendon passes under extensor retinacula and inserts into base of distal phalanx of big toe
Term
what innervates the extensor hallicus longus
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
what is the action of the extensor hallicus longus
Definition
extend big toe, dorsiflex foot at ankle, inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsel joint
Term
what is the orogin of the fibularis teritus
Definition
lower anterior shaft fibula, interossorus membrane
Term
what is the insertion of the fibularis tertius
Definition
dorsal shaft base metacarpal 5
Term
where is the fibularis tertius in the ankle
Definition
under extensor retinacula
Term
what innervates the fibularis tertius
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
what is the action of the fibular tertius
Definition
dorsiflexion of the foot at ankle, eversion of foot at sibtalar and transverse joints
Term
what is the anterior tibial a a branch of
Definition
popliteal a
Term
where does the anterior tibial a begin
Definition
lower border of popliteus m
Term
describe the path of the anterior tibial a
Definition
forward intoa nterior compartment of leg, through oprning in upper interosseous membrane
Term
where is the anterior tibial a in the upper 2/3 of the leg
Definition
descends on interosseous membrane covered by anterior compartment muscles
Term
where is the anterior tibial a in the distal 1/3 of the leg
Definition
anterior to ribia covered by skin and fasciae
Term
what is the anterior tibial a accompanied by
Definition
deep fiblar n and anterior tibial veins
Term
describe the location of the anterior tibial a at the ankle
Definition
crossed anterior by tendon of extensor hallucis longus
Term
where is the anterior tibial a distal to the ankle
Definition
continues as dorsalis pedis a
Term
what are the branche sof the anterior tibial a
Definition
muscular, knee and ankle joint anastomosis,
Term
what are the branches of the anterial tibial a that anastomosis at knee
Definition
anterior and posterior tibial
Term
what are the branches of the anterial tibial a that anastomosis at ankle
Definition
anterior medial and anterior lateral malleolar
Term
what is the deep fibular n a branch od
Definition
terminal branch of common fibular n
Term
where does the deep fibular nerve begin
Definition
deep to fibularis longus, lateral to neck of fibula
Term
describe the path of the deep fibular n
Definition
pierces anterior intermuscular septum to anterior compartment, continues onto dorsum of doot
Term
what are the branches of the deep fibular n
Definition
muscula,r articular to ankle
Term
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Definition
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis,
Term
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg innervated byu
Definition
superificial fibular n
Term
what is the superificial muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg
Definition
fibularis longus
Term
what is the origin of the fibularis longus
Definition
lateral surface of head of fibular and upper lalteral surface of shafe of fibula
Term
what is the insertion of the fibularis longus
Definition
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Term
what is the path of the fibularis longus to its insertion, what is it next to and sch
Definition
posterior to lateral melleolus, anterior and inferior on lateral surface of calcaneus, around cuboid and enters groove on its inferior surface, crosses sole of foot from lateral to medial
Term
what innervates the fibularis longus
Definition
superificial fibular n
Term
what is the action of the fibularis longus
Definition
plantar flexion, eversion at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, maintain lateral longitudinal and transverse foot arches
Term
what is the orogin of the fibularis brevis
Definition
lower lateral shaft fibula
Term
what is the path of the fibularis brevis to its insertion, what does it tun by
Definition
posterior and in contact with lateral melleolus, anterior and inferior on lateral calcaneus,
Term
what is the insertion of the fibularis brevis
Definition
tuberosity of base of metacarpal 5
Term
what innervates the fibularis brevis
Definition
superificial fibular n
Term
what is the action of the fibularis vrevis
Definition
plantar flexion, eversion of foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, holds lateral longitudinal arch of foot
Term
what can cause an avulsion fraction of the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
Definition
when foot is suddenly inverted and the tuberosity is torn away from tendon of fibularis brevis, severly sprained ankle
Term
what is the chief source of blood to the lateral compartment of the leg
Definition
fibular and anterior tibial arteries
Term
how do branches of the fibular a get into the lateral compartment
Definition
pierce posterior intermuscular septum
Term
how do branches of anterior tibial a get into the lateral compartment
Definition
pierce anterior intermuscular septum
Term
what is the superificial fibular nerve a branch of
Definition
common fibular n
Term
where does the superificial fibualr n begin
Definition
between fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
Term
where does the superificial fibular nerve become superificial
Definition
pierces deep facia in lower leg
Term
what are the branches of the superificial fibular n
Definition
muscular, cutaneous
Term
what do the muscular branches of the superificial fibular n supply
Definition
fibularis longus and brevis
Term
what do the cutaneous branches of the superificial fibular n supply
Definition
skin of lower anteriolateral leg, dorsum mof foot and dorsal surface of big toe,
Term
what supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral little toe
Definition
sural n
Term
what supplies cutaneous innervation to the adjacent sides of big toe and 2nd toes
Definition
deep fibular n
Term
what structures are anterior to the ankle and superificial to the extensor retinacula
Definition
saphenous n, great sapheous v, branches of superificial fibular n
Term
what passes anterior to ankle and deep of through extensor retinacula
Definition
tendon of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucus ongus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius. anterior tibial a and v, deep fibula n
Term
what passes posterior to medial malleolus and deep to flexor retinaculum from anterior to posterior
Definition
tendon of tibialis posteriorn, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus. posterior tibial a and v, tibial n
Term
what psses posterior and lateral to malleolus and superificial to superior fibular retinaculum
Definition
sural n, small saphenous v
Term
what passes posteriot to lateral malleolus and deep to superior fibular retinaculum
Definition
tendon of fibularis brevis and longus
Term
what is the function of the arches of the foor
Definition
enable for it to be able to adapt to uneven surfaces and a spring to absorb shock
Term
describe the skin on the sole of the foot
Definition
hairless, thick, bound to fascia by CT
Term
what innervates the medial heel
Definition
median cutaneous branch of the tibial n
Term
what innervates the middle 2/3 of the sole of the foot
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what innervates the lateral 1/3 of the sole of the foot
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what is the plantar aponeurosis made of
Definition
thickening of fascia to protect
Term
what is the apex of the plantar oponeurosis connected to
Definition
calcaneal tuberosity
Term
what is the base of the plantar aponeurosis attached to
Definition
5 slips ontop toes
Term
what does the transverse metacarpal ligaments connect
Definition
digital bands
Term
where are the digital bands
Definition
distal to the metatarsal heads
Term
what is the function of the muscles of the sole of the foot
Definition
not a delicate function, support arch, not many people can control toes
Term
what muscles are in the first layer of the foot
Definition
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
Term
what innervates the abductor hallucis
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what does the abductor hallucis connect to
Definition
calcaneus to big toe
Term
what innervates the flexor digitorum brevis
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what does the flexor didigotum brevis do
Definition
flexes digits
Term
what does the flexor digitorum brevis connect do and from
Definition
calcaneus to 4 digits
Term
what does the abductor hallucis do
Definition
flex big toe
Term
what innervates the abductor digiti minimi
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what does the abductor digiti minimi connect to and from
Definition
calcaneus to digit 5
Term
what does the abductor digiti minimi do
Definition
flex little toe and abduct it
Term
what muscles are in the second layer of the sole of the foot
Definition
quadratus plantae and lumbricals
Term
what innervates the quadratus plantae
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what does the quadratus plantae connect do and from
Definition
calcaneus to tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
Term
what is the fnction of the quadratus plantae
Definition
flexes 4 digits
Term
what innervates the medial most doe of the lumbricals
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what flexes the lateral 3 toes of the lumbricals
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what do the lumbricals of the foot attach do
Definition
tnedon flexor digitorum longus to expansion
Term
what do the lumbricals of the foot do
Definition
flex 4 digits
Term
what are the msucles of the third layer of the sole
Definition
flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
Term
what does the flexor hallucis brevis attach to and from
Definition
cuneiforms to digit 1
Term
what innervates the flexor hallucis brevis
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what does the flexor hallucis brevis do
Definition
flex digit 1
Term
what is the origin of the oblique head og adductor hallucis
Definition
metatarsals 2-4
Term
what is the origin of the transverse head of the adductor hallucis
Definition
plantar ligaments
Term
what is the insertion of the adductor hallus
Definition
digit 1
Term
what innervates the adductor hallucis
Definition
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
Term
what does the adductor hallucis do
Definition
adduct digit 1
Term
what does the flexor digit minimi brevis attach to and from
Definition
metatarsal 5 to phalynx 5
Term
what is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis
Definition
superificial branch of lateral plantar n
Term
what does the flexor digiti minimi do
Definition
flex digit 5
Term
what are the muscles of the 4th layer of the sole
Definition
plantar interossei and dorsal interossei
Term
what does the plantar interossei attach to and from
Definition
metatarsals 3-5 to phalanges
Term
what is the innervation of the plantar interossei
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what does the plantar interossei do
Definition
adduct digits, flex
Term
what does the dorsal interossei attach to and from
Definition
matatarsal 1-5 to the medial side of digit 2, lateral side of 2-4
Term
what innervates the dorsal interossei of the sole
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what does the dorsal interossei of the sole do
Definition
abduct and flex
Term
describe the skin of the dorsum of the foot
Definition
thin, hairy, freely movable
Term
what innervates the dorsum of the foot medial big toe and adjacent sides of 2-5 toes
Definition
superificial fibular n
Term
what nerve innervates the dorsal adjacent sides of the big and 2 toes
Definition
deep fibular n
Term
what innervates the skin on the medial border of the foot as fat as the head of metatarsal 1
Definition
saphenous n
Term
what innervates the dorsal skin on the lateral border of the foot and lateral aspect of the toe
Definition
sural
Term
what are the muscles of the dorusm of the foot
Definition
extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
Term
what does the extensor digitorum brevis attach to and from
Definition
calcaneus to 4 digits
Term
what innervates the extensor digotorum brevis
Definition
deep fibular n
Term
what does the extensor digitorum brevis do
Definition
extends 4 toes
Term
what does the extensor hallucis brevis attach to and from
Definition
common origin with extensor digitorum brevus to big toe
Term
what innervates the extensor hallucis brevis
Definition
deep fibular n
Term
what does the extensor hallucis brevis do
Definition
extend big toe
Term
what is the medial plantar a a terminal branch of
Definition
posteroir tibial a
Term
where does the medial plantar a enter the sole of the foot
Definition
deep to abductor hallucis
Term
within the sole of the foot what does the medial plantar a run between
Definition
abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Term
what is the medial plantar a accompanied by
Definition
medial plantar n
Term
what does the terminal part of the medial plantar a supply
Definition
medial side big toe
Term
what are the branches of the medial plantar a
Definition
cutaneous, muscular, small digital
Term
where are the small digital branches, what do they supply
Definition
join the plantar metatarsal a and supply the toes
Term
what is the lateral plantar a a branch of
Definition
posterior tibial
Term
where does the lateral plantar a enter the sole of the foot
Definition
deep to abductor hallucis
Term
where does the lateral plantar a run in the for
Definition
between flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae
Term
what is the lateral plantar a accompanied by
Definition
lateral plantar n
Term
what does the lateral plantar a do when it gets to the metatarsals
Definition
at the 5th it curves medially deep to oblique head of adductor hallucis forming plantar arch
Term
where does the plantar arch end
Definition
proximal 1st interosseous space, anastomosis with deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis a
Term
what are the branches of the lateral plantar a
Definition
muscular, cutaneous, plantar medatarsala, posterior perforating
Term
where do the plantar metatarsal a of the lateral plantar a originate
Definition
plantar arch
Term
what branches off the plantar metatarsal a of the lateral plantar arteries, where do they go
Definition
plantar digital arteries to the toes
Term
where are the posterior perforating branches of the lateral plantar a
Definition
pass dorsal between metatarsals and anastomose with dorsal metatarsal a on dorsum of the foot
Term
what is the medial plantar n a branch od
Definition
tibial n
Term
where does the medial plantar n enter the sole of the foot
Definition
deep to abductor hallucis
Term
where does the planter n run in the foot
Definition
anterior beterrn abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Term
what is the plantar n accompanied by
Definition
medial plantar a
Term
what is the lateral plantar n a branch of
Definition
tibial n
Term
where does the lateral plantar n enter the sole of the foot
Definition
deep to abductor hallucis
Term
where does the lateral plantar n run within the sole of the foot
Definition
between flexor digitorum brecis and quadratus plantar
Term
what is the lateral plantar nerve accompanied by
Definition
lateral plantar a
Term
what happens when the lateral plantar n reaches the metatarsals
Definition
at the base of metatarsal 5 it divides into superificial and deep
Term
where is the dorsal venous arch
Definition
in superificial fascia
Term
what does the dorsal venous arch drain into medially
Definition
great saphenous v
Term
what does the dorsal venous arch drain into laterally
Definition
small saphenous v
Term
where does the dorsal pedis a begin
Definition
at ankle as a continuation of anterior tibial
Term
where is the dorsal pedis a in the foot
Definition
superificial on dorsum with deep fibular n, between tendon of extensor hallucis longus and tendons of extensor digitorum longus
Term
where does the dorsal pedis a end
Definition
between 1 and 2 metatarsals by dividiig into dorsal metatarsal a and deep plantar a
Term
what are the branches of the dorsal pedis a
Definition
medial and lateral tarsal, arcuate, 2-4 dorsal metatarsals, dorsal digital for lateral 2-5 toes
Term
describe the path of the arcuate a
Definition
deep to tendons of extensor digitorum longus, across bases of metatarsals
Term
what are the branches of the 1st metatarsal a
Definition
dorsal digital a for the big toe and medial 2nd toe
Term
what completes the plantar arch on the medial side
Definition
deep plantar a passes into sole between two heads of 1st dorsal interosseus m
Term
where does the deep fibular n enter the foot
Definition
dorusm lateral of dorsalis pedis a and divides into medial and lateral branches
Term
what does the lateral branch od the deep fibular n innervate
Definition
extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
Term
what does the medial branch of the deep fibular n innervate
Definition
skin of adjacent sides of big tow and 2nd toe
Term
what type of joint is the hip joint
Definition
synoval ball and socket
Term
what articulates in the hip joint
Definition
head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
Term
what is hte acetabular notch
Definition
gap in the acetabellum
Term
what s the fibrocartilage rib in the acetabelum
Definition
acetabular labrum
Term
what does the acetabular labrum bridge
Definition
acetabular notch
Term
what strengthens the acetabular notch
Definition
transverse acetabular ligament
Term
what lines the joint capusle of the hip joint
Definition
synovial membrane
Term
what is the strongest ligament in the body
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
Term
what is the shape of the iliofemoral ligament
Definition
Y
Term
what is the iliofemoral ligament attached to
Definition
AIIS to intertrochanteric line
Term
what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament
Definition
prevents overextension of the hip during standing
Term
what is the pubofemoral ligament attached to
Definition
superior ramus of pubis and lower intertrochanteric line
Term
what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament
Definition
limits extension and abduction
Term
what shape is the ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
spiral
Term
what is the ischiofemoral ligament attached to
Definition
body of ischium and greater trochanter
Term
what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament
Definition
limit extension
Term
what is the ligament of the head of the femur attached to
Definition
head of femur at the fovea capitis and to the transverse acetabular ligament
Term
why is it hard to dislocate the hip joint
Definition
because the intrinsic ligaments are so strong
Term
what is a congenital change that could compormise hip joint
Definition
upper lip of acetabulum may fail to form and head of femur may dislocate rostrally
Term
in what demographic does the femur fracture more in
Definition
elterly women
Term
what does the head and neck of the femur recieve blood from
Definition
branches of obturator a
Term
what anastomosis with the branches of the obturator a at the head of the femur
Definition
medial and lateral femoral circumflex a
Term
in an fracture of the hip joint, what arteries are disturbed
Definition
circumflex or obturator
Term
what happens if the obturator a is disturbed
Definition
avascular necrosis
Term
what type of joint is the knee jount
Definition
condyloid, hinge
Term
what articulates in the knee joint
Definition
condyles of the femur and ribia
Term
what bones are involved in the knee joint
Definition
tibia and femur
Term
why does the stability of the knee joint depend on ligaments
Definition
femur only abuts on the tibia
Term
where is teh capsule of the knee joint
Definition
posterior and lateral sides, no anterior
Term
what is the knee joint covered by anteriorly
Definition
patellar ligament and quadriceps tendon
Term
what is a bursae
Definition
bag of synovial fluid that is lined with a synovial membrane
Term
what are the bursae of the knee
Definition
suprapatellar, prepatellar, superificial infrapatellar
Term
what are the bursa of the knee connected to
Definition
synovial sac
Term
what is the suprapatellar bursa
Definition
outpockering of the synovial cavity of the knee
Term
where is the prepatellar burse, what is it made of
Definition
subcutaneous tissue between skiin and patella
Term
where is the superificial infrapatellar bursa
Definition
between skin and patellar ligemnt
Term
what is bursitis
Definition
inflammation of the bursae
Term
what is prepatellar bursitis called
Definition
housemaids knee
Term
what is superificial infrapatellar bursa bursitis called
Definition
clerygmans knee
Term
what are the extracapsular ligaments of the knee
Definition
patellar, lateral (fibular) collateral, medial (tibial) collateral
Term
what is the patellar ligament attached to
Definition
above to patella below to tibial tuberosity
Term
what is the lateral collateral ligament of the knee attached to
Definition
above to lateral condyle of femur and below to head of fibula
Term
what is the function of the lateral collateral ligament
Definition
prevents movement of the tibia medially
Term
what is the medial collateral ligament of the knee attached to
Definition
above to medial condyle of the femur and below to shaft of the tibia. also to medial meniscus
Term
what is the function of the medial collateral ligament of the knee
Definition
prevent movement of the tibia laterally
Term
what is the anterior cruciate ligament attached to
Definition
anterior inercondylar region of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle
Term
what is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament
Definition
prevents movement of the tibia anterior
Term
what is the posterior curciate ligament attaced to
Definition
posterior intercondylar reigon of the tibia to lateral medial femoral condyle
Term
what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament
Definition
prevents movement of the tibia posterior
Term
what are the intrascapular ligaments of the knee
Definition
anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate,menisci, medial and lateral meniscus
Term
what is a menisci
Definition
c shaped sheet of fibrocartilage that is attached to inner side of the joint capsule
Term
what is the function of the neisci
Definition
deepen surface of tibial condyles and act as shock absorbers
Term
what is the medial meniscus attached to
Definition
medial collateral ligament
Term
compare the medial and lateral meniscus
Definition
the lateral is more moveable
Term
where does the tendon of the popliteus m pass through the knee joint
Definition
between lateral meniscus and lateral collateral ligament
Term
what can happen in forced abduction of the tibia when the leg is flexed, what is this called
Definition
medial (tibial) collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, and medial meniscus can tear, unhappy triad
Term
what links the tibia and fibula
Definition
interosseous membrane, inferior articulation
Term
what passes in the anterior gap of the inferior interosseous membrane in the leg
Definition
anterior tibial a
Term
what do anterior and posterior tibio fibular ligaments joint
Definition
bones together at the ankle
Term
what articulates in the ankle joint
Definition
deep socket formed by lower ends ot the tibia and fibula where the upper talus fits, lower tibia, two melleoli
Term
how does the talus move
Definition
on transverse axis in a hinge like manner
Term
what makes the ankle joint strong and stable
Definition
strength of the ligaments and shape of the bones
Term
what does the inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament attach to
Definition
between lateral malleolus and posterior lower tibia
Term
what is the function of the tibiofibular ligament
Definition
deepend socket where talus fits
Term
what type of joint is the ankle joint
Definition
synovial hinge
Term
where is the capsule of the ankle joint attached
Definition
bones near their articular margins
Term
what innervates the annkle joint
Definition
deep fibular and tibial nerves
Term
what are the ligaments of the ankle joint
Definition
medial or deltoid, lateral,
Term
what is the medial or deltoid ligament attached to
Definition
medial surface of the body of the talus, sustentaculum tali, plantar clacneonavicular ligament, tuberosity of navicular bone
Term
what are the bands of the lateral ligament
Definition
anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular
Term
what are sprains of the ankle usually caused by
Definition
excessive inversion, anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments commonly torn
Term
what movements are the ankle are possible
Definition
dorsiflexion(toes up), plantar flexion (toes down)
Term
what muscles do dorsiflexion
Definition
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius
Term
what muscles do plantar flexion
Definition
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Term
where doe inversion eversion movements occur
Definition
subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint
Term
what is the subtalar joint between
Definition
talus and calcaneous
Term
what is the transverse tarsal joint between
Definition
talu and navicular bones medially, calcaneous and cuboid bones laterally
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