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Anatomy Autonomic Nervous System
KYCOM Block 1
67
Anatomy
Graduate
08/27/2012

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Term
ganglia
Definition
cell bodies of nerons from PNS
Term
neurons
Definition
cell bodies of neurons from CNS
Term
somatic
Definition
innervates skeletal muscle
Term
autonomic
Definition
innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, an glands
Term
how many neurons are involved in the somatic pathway
Definition
1 neuron
Term
where are somatic cell bodies located
Definition
nucleus of the brainstem or spinal cord
Term
what is the location and destination of a somatic axon
Definition
leaves CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve and innervates ma variable number of muscle fibers
Term
how many neurons are involved in a autonimic pathway
Definition
2 neurons
Term
where is an autonomic preganglonic cell body
Definition
nucleus of the brainstem or spinal cord
Term
what is the location and destination of the autonimic preganglonic axon (fiber)
Definition
leaves the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve but and travels to a ganglion
Term
what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Definition
sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
Term
describe the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
antagonistic, both in thorax, abdomen, pelvis, head, ad vessels
Term
what is happening inside an autonomic ganglion (PNS)
Definition
preganglonic axon synapses with a second postganglionic neuron
Term
where is the cell body of an autonomic post ganglion neuron
Definition
in the autonomic ganglion (PNS)
Term
what is the location and destination of the autonimic postganglonic axon
Definition
leaves the ganglion and innervates smooth or cardiac muscle or a gland
Term
where are visceral targers
Definition
body walls and limbs
Term
what are visceral targets
Definition
blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles
Term
what are visceral targets regulated by
Definition
sympathetic nervous system
Term
where are the only places the parasympathetic innervates
Definition
head and body cavities
Term
what nervous system will cause increased heart rate and blood pressure
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what nervous system will cause rdistribution of blood to the brain, heart, and muscle
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what nervous system will cause inhibition of peristalsis and the GI tract
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what nervous system is more active in the day
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what nervous system will conserve and store energy
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what nervous system will cause decreased heart rate and blood pressure
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what nervous system will cause increased peristalsis and GI tract functions
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what nervous system is more active at night
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what nervous system is described as fight or flight
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what nervous system is described as rest and digest
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what vertebre does the sympathetic division correspond with, what is this called
Definition
T1-L2, intermediolateral cell column, or thoracolumbar outflow/ division
Term
in what part of the gray matter is the nucleus of the sympathetic division located
Definition
lateral horn
Term
where are sympathetic cell bodies located
Definition
in the paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain ganglia), closer to the CNS, associated with the abdominal aorta
Term
which autonomic system has longer preganglonic fibers
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
which autonomic system has longer postganglionic fibers
Definition
sympathetic
Term
describe the location of the sympathetic chain ganglia
Definition
two chains on both sides of the spinal cord that meet inferiorly
Term
what structure foes the sympathetic chain ganglia run along
Definition
the abdominal aorta
Term
where do the nerves from the parasympathetic system come from
Definition
brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, sacral parasympathetic nuclei
Term
what does the craiosacral outflow / division include
Definition
all the parasympathetic nerves
Term
what does the sacral parasymathetic nucleus refer to
Definition
spinal cord gray matter from S2-S4 of the parasymathetic nerves
Term
in what neurotransmitters is acetocholine used
Definition
preganglonic fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic
Term
in what neurotransmitters is norepinepherine used
Definition
neurotransmitters of postganglionic in the sympathetic and parasympathetic except sweat glands
Term
what neurotransmitters do post ganglionic neurons is sweat glands use
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
what determines the effect of a neurotransmitter
Definition
the receptor
Term
what nerves have white communicating rami, why
Definition
only the T1-L2 spinal nerves because they have cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic rami
Term
where do sympathetic fibers that ascend in the trunk synapse
Definition
with a postganglionic neuron of a higher sympathetic ganglion
Term
where do sympathetic fibers that descend in the trunk synapse
Definition
with a postgnglionic neuron of a lower sympathetic ganglon
Term
how is it possible for a preganglionic fiber to leave the trunk and synapse immediatly
Definition
it synapses with the sympathetic ganglion at its own level
Term
what happes when a sympathetic fiber passes through the trunk without synapsing
Definition
it continues to an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach the prevertebral ganglia
Term
what to splanchnic nerves innervate
Definition
the pelvis and abdomen
Term
what do sympathetic fibers leave the spinal nerve in to get to the trunk
Definition
white communicating rami of T1-L2
Term
why is the white communicating rami white
Definition
it is myleniated
Term
what parasympathetic fibers innervate the head
Definition
cranial nerves III, VII, XI
Term
what does cranial nerve III innervate
Definition
oculomotor
Term
what does cranial nerve VII innervate
Definition
facial
Term
what does cranial nerve IX innervate
Definition
glossopharyngeal
Term
what is cranial nerve X called
Definition
vagus nerve
Term
what does the vagus nerve innervate
Definition
thoracic and abdominal organs
Term
what nervous system does the vagus nerve work for
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what do the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate
Definition
abdominal nerves not supplied by the vaugs
Term
where do pelvic splanchnic nerves come from
Definition
sacral parasympathetic nerves
Term
what nervous system does the enteric belong to
Definition
autonomic
Term
what does the entric nervous system innervate
Definition
the walls of the GI from esophagus to rectum
Term
how many neurons does the entric nervous system have
Definition
over 100 million (as many as spinal cord)
Term
what tyes of neurons does the entric nervous system have
Definition
motor, sensory, interneurons
Term
what is the entric nervous system usually regulated by
Definition
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
Term
when the entric nervous system is not being regulated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system what runs it
Definition
itself
Term
functions does the entric nervous system provide
Definition
gut motility, secretion, absorption
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