Term
|
Definition
| intricate, highly organized network divided into two branches- CNS and PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of the brain and spinal cord; AKA CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of 100 billion neurons; processes 36 million bits of data every second; made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest portion of the brain; consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres that occupy the upper part of the cranial cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls conscious/mental activities; AKA cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the inferior/posterior cranial fossa; controls and coordinates voluntary muscle activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle region, superior to the brain stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of the thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus (control the ANS- body temp, thirst, hunger) as well as the Pineal Gland (biological clock) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres to the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongota (controls heart and blood vessel functions, respiration, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains 100 million neurons; connects to the brain and is protected by the vertebral column, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and vertebral ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue coverings that run continuously around and protect the brain and spinal cord; made up of 3 layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost layer of the meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle layer of the meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innermost layer of the meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective area between the dura mater and the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia and peripheral nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emerge from the base of the brain; 12 pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| run from the spinal cord to different parts of the body; 31 pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| masses of nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundles of hundreds to thousands of axons and associated connective tissue and blood vessels that lie outside the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensive network of neurons that help with the regulation of the digestive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory neurons deal with vision, hearing, taste and smell; motor neurons deal with voluntary control of skeletal muscle; AKA SNS |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| subdivided into the somatic, enteric and autonomic nervous systems; AKA PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory neurons monito the GI tract; motor neurons correspond with GI tract smooth muscle and endocrine secretions; AKA ENS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory neurons receive messages in visceral organs; motor neurons conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; AKA ANS |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| fight-or-flight response; hypermetabolic state |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| rest-and-digest response; maintains a homeostatic environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nerve cell that is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system; carry information in the form of electrochemical impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry impulses toward the cell body; receiving part of a neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry impulses away from the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one or more cord-like bundles of fibers and associated connective tissue that connect the brain and spinal cord with rest of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detects different types of stimuli from the sense organs in the environment and different parts of the body (touch, pain, temp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA afferent neurons; receptors send signals to the CNS; enters posterior/dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons who participate in integrative functions (processes and analyzes information to make a decision); make up most of the body's neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond to integrative decisions by carrying information away from the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA efferent; messages exit via the anterior/ventral root of the spinal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscle, gland or organ that is innervated by motor neurons through the cranial and spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Reticular Activation System |
|
Definition
| nerve pathways in the brain concerned with the level of consciousness from sleep and relaxation to full attention |
|
|
Term
| Reticular Activation System |
|
Definition
| sorts through data to make you aware of specific things; AKA RAS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space where a neuron can correspond with another neuron or effector cell (i.e. between a nerve and muscle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supports, nourishes and protect neurons; make up half the volume of the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that are sent across a synapse to transmit the neurological impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synaptic area where neurons signal skeletal muscles to contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many layers composed of lipids and proteins; covers axons and many neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaps in the myelin sheath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of myelinated and unmyelinated axons and neurons; color comes from the myelin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and neuroglia |
|
|
