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Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscle System
the functions of muscles, types of muscle tissue and muscle physiology
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/28/2014

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Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
produces body movements; stabilizes body positions; regulates organ volume; produces heat; moves substances through the body
Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition
striated, multinucleated and voluntary control
Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition
striations are due to the position of actin and myosin protein filaments; surrounded by connective tissue
Term
Superficial Fascia
Definition
immediately under the skin; composed of areolar and adipose tissue
Term
Deep Fascia
Definition
holds muscles together and separates them into functional groups; composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Term
Epimysium
Definition
connective tissue that entire muscle is wrapped in
Term
Perimysium
Definition
connective tissue that surrounds bundles of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers
Term
Endomysium
Definition
connective tissue that wraps each muscle
Term
Tendon
Definition
extension of the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium beyond the muscle fibers that attach the muscle to the bone
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
striated, single nucleus and involuntary control
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
connected by intercalated discs that conduct muscle action potentials from one fiber to the next
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
autorhythmic, can contract without extrinsic stimulation and remain contracted for sustained periods of time
Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition
non-striated, single nucleus and involuntary control
Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition
located inside of many internal organs; contain actin and myosin but in no orderly arrangement
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
chains of contractile units called sarcomeres; are the striations in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Term
Sarcomeres
Definition
actual contractile units of the muscle responsible for shortening during contractions
Term
Sarcomeres
Definition
borders are formed by Z discs
Term
Myofilaments
Definition
within each sarcomere; two types- thick and thin
Term
Myofilaments
Definition
arranged in alternating layers that give the muscle its striated appearance
Term
Thick Filaments
Definition
made of a protein called myosin; does not move in the sliding filament mechanism
Term
A Band
Definition
extends the entire length of the thick filament and gives the darker appearance of muscle striations
Term
A Band
Definition
center portion of the sarcomere linked together by the M line
Term
H Zone
Definition
located in the center of each A band; contains thick but no thin filaments
Term
Thin Filaments
Definition
made of a protein called actin; does move in the sliding filament mechanism
Term
I Band
Definition
gives the lighter appearance of muscle striations
Term
I Band
Definition
contains only thin, no thick filaments; anchored to the Z discs
Term
Calcium
Definition
levels of this must increase in order to bind to troponin-c, moving the tropomyosin away from binding sites on actin
Term
Calcium
Definition
this and ATP are necessary for the sliding filament mechanism to occur
Term
Sliding Filament Mechanism
Definition
myosin heads bind to and pull on actin binding sites, causing them to slide inwards
Term
Sliding Filament Mechanism
Definition
actin is pulled in a ratcheting manner, pulling the thin filaments closer towards the M line which leads to the shortening of the sarcomere
Term
Sliding Filament Mechanism
Definition
once calcium is removed, the troponon-tropomyosin complex resumes its original shape and the sarcomeres return to their original length
Term
Muscle Action Potential
Definition
an electrical signal from the nervous system that stimulates a muscle so it can contract
Term
Muscle Action Potential
Definition
a rapid change in potential involves a depolarization (firing) followed by a repolarization (return to resting state)
Term
Motor Neuron
Definition
neuron that delivers the electrical signal to the muscle tissue
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
a motor neuron with all the muscle fiber it stimulates
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
area of contact between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies; AKA NMJ
Term
Z Disc
Definition
forms the border of each sarcomere; move closer together during the sliding filament mechanism
Term
M Line
Definition
center line of the sacomere
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